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Salish Applicatives [Hardback]

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Salish ApplicativesPalielināt
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Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789004183933.html
Keywords:
This book offers a comprehensive view of the morphology, syntax, and semantics of applicatives in Salish, a language family of northwestern North America. Applicative constructions, found in many polysynthetic languages, cast a semantically peripheral noun phrase as direct object. Drawing upon primary and secondary data from twenty Salish languages, the authors catalog the relationship between the form and function of seventeen applicative suffixes. The semantic role of the associated noun phrase and the verb class of the base are crucial factors in differentiating applicatives. Salish languages have two types of applicatives: relationals are formed on intransitive bases and redirectives on transitive bases. The historical development and discourse function of Salish applicatives are elucidated and placed in typological perspective.
List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xiii
List of Abbreviations
xvii
Acknowledgements xix
Chapter One Introduction
1(24)
1.1 Salish languages
7(9)
1.1.1 Classification
7(7)
1.1.2 Comparative/historical Salish studies
14(2)
1.2 Previous research on Salish applicatives
16(4)
1.3 The corpus of data
20(5)
Chapter Two The Morphosyntax of Salish Applicatives
25(26)
2.1 Outline of Salish morphosyntax
25(14)
2.1.1 NP marking
26(2)
2.1.2 Subject marking
28(3)
2.1.3 Object marking
31(3)
2.1.4 Passive
34(1)
2.1.5 Possessive marking
35(3)
2.1.6 Extraction
38(1)
2.2 Syntactic structure of applicative constructions
39(11)
2.2.1 Applied object
39(3)
2.2.2 Theme NPs in ditransitive constructions
42(1)
2.2.2.1 NP marking
42(5)
2.2.2.2 Extraction
47(2)
2.2.3 Summary
49(1)
2.3 Summary
50(1)
Chapter Three Relational Applicatives
51(66)
3.1 Predicate classes and relational applicatives
53(9)
3.1.1 Internal experience predicates
54(2)
3.1.2 Expression predicates
56(1)
3.1.3 Action predicates
57(1)
3.1.4 Movement predicates
58(1)
3.1.5 Transfer verbs
59(1)
3.1.6 Nature predicates
59(2)
3.1.7 Summary
61(1)
3.2 The form and function of relational suffixes
62(47)
3.2.1 The relational suffix in Interior Salish
64(1)
3.2.1.1 Internal experience predicates
64(3)
3.2.1.2 Expression predicates
67(2)
3.2.1.3 Action predicates
69(2)
3.2.1.4 Movement predicates
71(2)
3.2.1.5 Transfer verbs
73(1)
3.2.1.6 Nature predicates
74(1)
3.2.1.7 Summary
75(1)
3.2.2 Relational suffixes in Central Salish
75(1)
3.2.2.1 Relational -mi
76(8)
3.2.2.2 Relational -ni
84(5)
3.2.2.3 Relational -nes
89(4)
3.2.2.4 Relational -ac
93(5)
3.2.2.5 Summary
98(1)
3.2.3 Relational suffixes in Tillamook
98(1)
3.2.3.1 Relational -ewi (<-mi)
99(1)
3.2.3.2 Relational -es
100(2)
3.2.4 Relational suffixes in Tsamosan
102(1)
3.2.4.1 Relational -mi
102(3)
3.2.4.2 Relational -ni
105(1)
3.2.4.3 Relational -t(a)s
106(2)
3.2.4.4 Summary
108(1)
3.3 Summary
109(8)
3.3.1 The distribution and usage of Salish relational suffixes
109(2)
3.3.2 Historical perspectives on relational suffixes
111(6)
Chapter Four Redirective Applicatives
117(60)
4.1 Semantic roles of redirective applied objects
119(12)
4.1.1 Semantic roles of applied objects in redirective applicatives
119(5)
4.1.2 Semantic ambiguity
124(6)
4.1.3 Summary
130(1)
4.2 The form and function of redirective suffixes
131(39)
4.2.1 Redirective suffix in Northern Interior Salish
133(2)
4.2.2 Redirective suffixes in Central Salish
135(9)
4.2.3 Redirective suffixes in Tsamosan
144(7)
4.2.4 Redirective suffixes in Southern Interior Salish
151(1)
4.2.4.1 Redirective -xi
151(4)
4.2.4.2 Redirective -t
155(6)
4.2.4.3 Redirective -tut
161(8)
4.2.4.4 Summary of redirective suffixes in Southern Interior Salish
169(1)
4.3 Summary
170(7)
4.3.1 The distribution and usage of Salish redirective suffixes
171(2)
4.3.2 Historical perspectives on redirective suffixes
173(4)
Chapter Five Exceptional Applicative Suffixes
177(44)
5.1 Applicative suffixes that switch types
178(8)
5.1.1 Redirective suffixes used as relational
178(3)
5.1.2 The suffix -si in Tillamook
181(3)
5.1.3 A relational suffix used as a redirective
184(1)
5.1.4 Summary
185(1)
5.2 Transitive uses of applicative suffixes
186(18)
5.2.1 Relational suffixes used as transitives
189(1)
5.2.1.1 Transfer verbs
189(2)
5.2.1.2 Verbs of loss or separation
191(1)
5.2.1.3 Verbs of putting things at a distance
192(1)
5.2.1.4 Verbs using contact to move an object
193(1)
5.2.1.5 Verb involving using the hands
194(1)
5.2.1.6 Verbs of imbibing
195(1)
5.2.1.7 Contact verbs with an effect on the theme
195(1)
5.2.1.8 Summary
196(1)
5.2.1.9 Redirective suffixes used as transitives
197(2)
5.2.2 Applicative suffixes as causative
199(4)
5.2.3 Summary
203(1)
5.3 Bella Coola applicatives
204(14)
5.3.1 Applicative suffix -amk
204(6)
5.3.2 Applicative suffix -m
210(4)
5.3.3 Applicative suffixes used as transitives
214(2)
5.3.4 The Bella Coola puzzle
216(2)
5.4 Summary
218(3)
Chapter Six A Closer Look at Transitive Marking
221(30)
6.1 Transitive suffixes used as applicatives
221(7)
6.1.1 General transitive suffix used as applicative
221(3)
6.1.2 Causative suffix used as applicative
224(4)
6.2 Transitive marking and objects in applicatives
228(20)
6.2.1 S-object versus M-object
229(4)
6.2.2 Redirective versus relational
233(1)
6.2.2.1 The causative hypothesis
234(1)
6.2.2.2 The dative hypothesis
234(2)
6.2.2.3 Contrasting the two hypotheses
236(2)
6.2.2.4 Summary: Transitive and object marking
238(1)
6.2.3 Four cases of reanalysis of transitive suffixes
239(1)
6.2.3.1 min in Interior Salish
239(2)
6.2.3.2 xit in Interior Salish
241(3)
6.2.3.3 tuxwt in Tsamosan
244(1)
6.2.3.4 The case of Bella Coola
245(1)
6.2.3.5 Disappearing transitive markers and object selection
245(1)
6.2.3.6 Remnants
246(2)
6.3 Summary
248(3)
Chapter Seven Combinatory Properties of Applicatives
251(48)
7.1 Applicatives, reflexives, and reciprocals
253(7)
7.1.1 Reflexives and reciprocals followed by applicatives
254(3)
7.1.2 Applicatives followed by reflexives and reciprocals
257(2)
7.1.3 Summary: Applicatives, reflexives, and reciprocals
259(1)
7.2 Applicative, causative, and non-control suffixes
260(12)
7.2.1 The causative suffix
261(1)
7.2.1.1 Causative followed by applicatives
262(1)
7.2.1.2 Applicatives followed by causatives
263(4)
7.2.2 The non-control suffix
267(1)
7.2.2.1 Non-control followed by applicatives
268(1)
7.2.2.2 Applicatives followed by non-control
269(2)
7.2.3 Summary: Applicatives, causatives, and non-control
271(1)
7.3 Applicatives and lexical suffixes
272(9)
7.3.1 Lexical suffixes followed by applicatives
274(4)
7.3.2 Applicatives followed by lexical suffixes
278(2)
7.3.3 Summary: Applicatives and lexical suffixes
280(1)
7.4 A brief excursus: The indefinite suffix in Coeur d'Alene
281(1)
7.5 Multiple applicatives
282(8)
7.5.1 Relational followed by redirective
283(3)
7.5.2 Relational followed by relational
286(3)
7.5.3 Redirective followed by redirective
289(1)
7.5.4 Summary
290(1)
7.6 Summary
290(9)
Chapter Eight Discourse Functions of Salish Applicatives
299(30)
8.1 Frequency
302(2)
8.2 Person/animacy hierarchy effects in relational applicatives
304(13)
8.2.1 Halkomelem person/animacy effects
304(3)
8.2.2 Salish
307(1)
8.2.3 When are inanimates applied objects?
308(6)
8.2.4 When are human NPs oblique?
314(2)
8.2.5 Summary
316(1)
8.3 Topicality
317(6)
8.3.1 Topics and subjecthood
317(4)
8.3.2 Secondary topics
321(1)
8.3.3 Summary
322(1)
8.4 NP Type
323(3)
8.5 Summary
326(3)
Chapter Nine Cross-linguistic Perspectives
329(32)
9.1 Where are applicatives found?
331(3)
9.2 Types of applicatives: Semantic roles
334(11)
9.2.1 Benefactives, recipients
335(1)
9.2.2 Locatives, instruments, comitatives
335(6)
9.2.3 Circumstantial
341(3)
9.2.4 Summary: Hierarchy of applicatives by semantic roles
344(1)
9.3 Morphological marking of applicatives
345(7)
9.3.1 Generalized applicatives
345(2)
9.3.2 Specialized applicatives
347(3)
9.3.3 Partially generalized systems
350(2)
9.4 Transitivity of the base
352(2)
9.5 The morphosyntax of applicatives
354(5)
9.6 Summary: Types of applicatives in the world's languages
359(2)
Chapter Ten Conclusion
361(12)
10.1 The Salish applicative system
362(3)
10.2 Key properties of Salish applicatives
365(6)
10.2.1 Transitives versus applicatives
365(1)
10.2.2 Defining relationals
366(2)
10.2.3 Possessor applicatives
368(1)
10.2.4 The syntax of applicatives
368(1)
10.2.5 Combinations of applicatives with other morphology
369(1)
10.2.6 Multiple applicatives
369(1)
10.2.7 The discourse function of applicatives
370(1)
10.3 Future research directions
371(2)
Bibliography
373(12)
Indices
Author Index
385(3)
Language Index
388(4)
Subject Index
392
Kaoru Kiyosawa, Ph.D. (2007) in Linguistics, Simon Fraser University, has worked intensively on the comparative study in Salish languages. Her research includes the morphosyntactic analysis of verbal afffixes such as object agreement and transitive inflection.

Donna B. Gerdts, Ph.D. (1982) in Linguistics, University of California, San Diego, is Professor of Linguistics at Simon Fraser University. She has published extensively on the morphology, syntax, and semantics of Halkomelem Salish, based on over thirty years of fieldwork with elders in British Columbia.