This book offers a complete overview of the measurement of precipitation from space, which has made considerable advancements during the last two decades. This is mainly due to the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission, CloudSat and a carefully maintained constellation of satellites hosting passive microwave sensors. The book revisits a previous book, Measuring Precipitation from Space, edited by V. Levizzani, P. Bauer and F. J. Turk, published with Springer in 2007. The current content has been completely renewed to incorporate the advancements of science and technology in the field since then. This book provides unique contributions from field experts and from the International Precipitation Working Group (IPWG).
The book will be of interest to meteorologists, hydrologists, climatologists, water management authorities, students at various levels and many other parties interested in making use of satellite precipitation data sets.Chapter TAMSAT is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.
SECTION 1 Status of Observations and Satellite Programs:
Chapter
1. The
Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission.
Chapter
2. Status of the
CloudSat mission.
Chapter
3. The Megha-Tropiques mission after seven years
in space.
Chapter
4. Microwave sensors, imagers and sounders.
Chapter
5.
Microwave and sub-mm wave sensors: A European perspective.
Chapter
6. Plans
for future missions.- SECTION 2 Retrieval Techniques, Algorithms and Sensors:
Chapter
7. Introduction to passive microwave retrieval methods.
Chapter
8.
The Goddard Profiling (GPROF) precipitation retrieval algorithm.
Chapter
9.
Precipitation estimation from the Microwave Integrated Retrieval System
(MiRS).
Chapter
10. Introduction to radar rain retrieval methods.
Chapter
11. Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) on the Global Precipitation
Measurements (GPM) missions Core Observatory.
Chapter
12. DPR
dual-frequency precipitation classification.
Chapter
13. Triple-frequency
radar retrievals.
Chapter
14. Precipitation retrievals from satellite
combined radar and radiometer observations.
Chapter
15. Scattering of
hydrometeors.
Chapter
16. Radar snowfall measurement.
Chapter
17. A
1DVar-based snowfall rate algorithm for passive microwave radiometers.-
Chapter
18. X-band synthetic aperture radar methods.- SECTION 3 Merged
Precipitation Products:
Chapter
19. Integrated Multi-satellitE Retrievals for
the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission (IMERG).
Chapter
20.
Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) products in the GPM era.-
Chapter
21. Improving PERSIANN-CCS using passive microwave rainfall
estimation.
Chapter
22. TAMSAT.
Chapter
23. Algorithm and data improvements
for version 2.1 of the Climate Hazards Centers Infrared Precipitation with
Stations Data Set.
Chapter
24. Merging the infrared fleet and the microwave
constellation for tropical hydrometeorology (TAPEER) and global climate
monitoring (GIRAFE) applications.- SECTION 4 Validation:
Chapter
25. The IPWG
satellite precipitation validation effort.
Chapter
26. The GPM Ground
Validation Program.
Chapter
27. The GPM DPR Validation Program.
Chapter
28.
Error and uncertainty characterization.
Chapter
29. Multiscale evaluation of
satellite precipitation products: Effective resolution of IMERG.
Chapter
30.
Remote sensing of orographic precipitation.
Chapter
31. Integrated
multi-satellite evaluation for the Global Precipitation Measurement: Impact
of precipitation types on spaceborne precipitation estimation.
Chapter
32.
Hydrologic validation and flood analysis.
Chapter
33. Global-scale
evaluation of 22 precipitation datasets using gauge observations and
hydrological modeling.
Chapter
34. OceanRAIN The global ocean
surface-reference dataset for characterization, validation and evaluation of
the water cycle.- SECTION 5 Observed Characteristics of Precipitation:
Chapter
35. GPCP and the global characteristics of precipitation.
Chapter
36. Global snowfall detection and measurement.
Chapter
37. Snowfall
detection by spaceborne radars.
Chapter
38. On the duration and lifecyle of
precipitation systems in the tropics.
Chapter
39. Observational
characteristics of warm-type heavy rainfall.
Chapter
40. Satellite
precipitation measurement and extreme rainfall.
Chapter
41. Rainfall trends
in East Africa from an ensemble of IR-based satellite products.
Chapter
42.
Heavy precipitation systems in the Mediterranean area: The role of GPM.-
Chapter
43. Dryland precipitation climatology from satellite observations.-
Chapter
44. Haifall detection.
Chapter
45. Improving high-latitude and cold
region precipitation analysis.
Chapter
46. Latent heating retrievals from
satellite observations.- SECTION 6 Applications:
Chapter
47. Operational
applications of Global Precipitation Measurement observations.
Chapter
48.
Assimilation of precipitation observations from space into numerical weather
prediction (NWP).
Chapter
49. Precipitation ensemble data assimilation in
NWP models.
Chapter
50. PERSIANN-CDR for hydrology and hydro-climatic
applications.
Chapter
51. Soil moisture and precipitation: The SM2RAIN
algorithm for rainfall retrieval from satellite soil moisture.
Chapter
52.
Drought risk management using satellite-based rainfall estimates.
Chapter
53. Two decades of urban hydroclimatological studies have yielded discovery
and societal benefits.
Chapter
54. Validation of climate models.
Chapter
55. Extreme precipitation in the Himalayan landslide hotspot.
Chapter
56.
The value of satellite rainfall estimates in agriculture and food security.-
Chapter
57. Using satellite estimates of precipitation for fire danger
rating.
Chapter
58. Variability of satellite sea surface salinity under
rainfall.
Vincenzo Levizzani is Director of Research at the Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate of the National Council of Research in Bologna, Italy, and Professor of Cloud Physics at the University of Bologna. His research interests concentrate on cloud structure, precipitation measurement from space, regional climatology of clouds and precipitation and new space mission concept design. He was among the co-founders of the International Precipitation Working Group and has collaborated to clouds and precipitation missions of the European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (EUMETSAT) and the European Space Agency (ESA). He is author of several hundreds peer-reviewed journal publications, book contributions and scientific reports, and has served in several high-level committees of WMO, NASA, ESA, EUMETSAT, KMA, European Commission, etc.
Christopher Kidd obtained a BSc in Geography from the University of Nottingham, followed by a PhD from the University of Bristol. He has been at the forefront of satellite precipitation estimation over the last 30 years, focusing upon retrieval schemes from both passive microwave observations and multi-sensor observations, together with the verification, validation and inter-comparison of satellite estimates and surface measurements.
Dalia B. Kirschbaum is a Research Physical Scientist in the Hydrological Sciences Lab at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland. She has served as the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Mission Associate Deputy Project Scientist for Applications since 2009, where she leads a team of outreach and applications specialists to provide scientific support for applications research and activities. Her research interests center on the application of GPM data to rainfall-triggered landslide modeling efforts, including a global landslide situational awareness system that is being used worldwide. She has authored over forty papers on the topic of applying remotely sensed surface and precipitation information to landslide hazard models at multiple spatial and temporal scales.
Christian D. Kummerow is Professor of Atmospheric Science at Colorado State University where he also serves as Director of the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA). He has spent much of his career studying the global water and energy cycles. He is particularly interested in observing the global water cycle and its uncertainties how uncertainties relate to physical aspects of the atmosphere, and thus the fundamental processes underlying precipitation. From 1997 to 2000 he served as the TRMM Project Scientist and continues to serve on the science steering teams of both the TRMM as the Global Precipitation Mission where he leads the team responsible for the passive microwave rainfall products. He has authored over one hundred peer reviewed journal publications related to global clouds and the hydrologic cycle.
Kenji Nakamura is Professor of the Department of Economics on Sustainability, Faculty of Economics in Dokkyo University, Japan. Before Dokkyo University, he was a professor at Nagoya University, Japan, and he was the Director of the Hydrospheric-Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University during 2001-2005 and 2011-2013. His specialization is in microwave remote sensing techniques, multi-wavelength and dual-polarization radar techniques, and precipitation science. He led the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) projects in Japan. He served as a Member of the Board of Directors of the Meteorological Society of Japan and a Senior advisor of the Earth Observation Research Center, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency. He is a recipient of Fujiwhara Award of the Japan Meteorological Society.
F. Joseph Turk is a radar scientist with the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA. His research has been related to a variety passive and active microwave measurements and remote sensing techniques. He has been involved with NASA satellite measurements for precipitation (GPM, TRMM) and scatterometry (QuikSCAT, RapidScat), a number of airborne field campaigns for studying convective clouds and hurricanes, and a member of the science team for the Radio Occultations though Heavy Precipitation (ROHP) instrument. He has been a member of the AMS Satellite Meteorology and Oceanography Committee, and Editor for the AMS Journal of Hydrometeorology and active in the IPWG since its inception.
