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E-grāmata: Scattering and Structures: Essentials and Analogies in Quantum Physics

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Graduate Texts in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-May-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662545157
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Scattering and Structures: Essentials and Analogies in Quantum PhysicsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Graduate Texts in Physics
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-May-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783662545157
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Quantum physics may appear complicated, especially if one forgets the "big picture" and gets lost in the details. However, it can become clearer and less tangled if one applies a few fundamental concepts so that simplified approaches can emerge and estimated orders of magnitude become clear. Povh and Rosina’s Scattering and Structures presents the properties of quantum systems (elementary particles, nucleons, atoms, molecules, quantum gases, quantum liquids, stars, and early universe) with the help of elementary concepts and analogies between these seemingly different systems. In this new edition, sections on quantum gases and an up to date overview of elementary particles have been added.
1 Photon Scattering -- Form Factors
1(14)
1.1 Compton Effect
1(2)
1.2 Thomson Scattering
3(4)
1.2.1 Classical Derivation
3(2)
1.2.2 Quantum Mechanical Derivation
5(1)
1.2.3 Quantum Mechanical Interpretation of re
6(1)
1.3 Form Factor
7(3)
1.3.1 Geometrical Interpretation of the Form Factor
7(3)
1.3.2 Dynamical Interpretation of the Form Factor
10(1)
1.4 Recoilless Scattering Off Crystals
10(1)
1.5 Photon Scattering Off Free Electrons
11(4)
Literature
13(2)
2 Lepton Scattering -- Nucleon Radius
15(10)
2.1 Electron-Quark Scattering
15(5)
2.1.1 Mott Scattering
16(3)
2.1.2 Inclusion of Quark Spin
19(1)
2.2 Electron-Nucleon Scattering
20(2)
2.2.1 Nucleon Radius
20(1)
2.2.2 Nucleon Form Factor
21(1)
2.3 Neutrino-Electron Scattering
22(1)
2.4 Neutrino-Quark Scattering
23(2)
2.4.1 Weak Potential
24(1)
Literature
24(1)
3 Quasi-elastic Scattering -- Virtual Photons and Gluons
25(16)
3.1 Virtual Weizsacker--Williams Photons
26(2)
3.2 Virtual Bjorken--Feynman Partons -- Deep Inelastic Scattering
28(8)
3.2.1 Electron Scattering Off Quarks
29(2)
3.2.2 Neutrino Scattering Off Quarks
31(2)
3.2.3 Gluon Bremsstrahlung
33(3)
3.3 Coupling Constants
36(5)
3.3.1 Electromagnetic Coupling Constant α
36(2)
3.3.2 Strong Coupling Constant αs
38(1)
3.3.3 Weak Coupling Constant αw
39(1)
Literature
39(2)
4 The Hydrogen Atom -- The Playground of Quantum Mechanics
41(14)
4.1 Level Diagram
41(6)
4.1.1 Semiclassical
41(2)
4.1.2 Dirac Level Diagram
43(2)
4.1.3 Zitterbewegung
45(1)
4.1.4 Spin-Orbit Splitting
46(1)
4.2 Lamb Shift
47(3)
4.2.1 Zero-Point Oscillation
48(2)
4.3 Hyperfine Structure
50(1)
4.4 Hydrogen-Like Atoms
51(4)
4.4.1 Muonic Atoms
51(2)
Literature
53(2)
5 Many Electron Atoms -- Shell Structure
55(12)
5.1 Binding Energies
55(4)
5.1.1 The Helium Atom
55(1)
5.1.2 Correlations
56(1)
5.1.3 The Negative H- Ion
57(1)
5.1.4 The 2s, 2p Shells
57(2)
5.2 Atomic Radii
59(4)
5.2.1 Hydrogen and Helium
59(1)
5.2.2 Thomas--Fermi Model
60(2)
5.2.3 Alternative Definitions
62(1)
5.3 Atoms with Magnetic Moment
63(1)
5.4 Ferromagnetism and Antiferromagnetism
64(3)
Literature
65(2)
6 Covalent and Ionic Binding -- Electron Sharing
67(10)
6.1 The Covalent Bond
67(7)
6.1.1 The Hydrogen Molecule -- A Case of Broken Symmetry
68(2)
6.1.2 An Analogy
70(1)
6.1.3 Covalent Bond in the (2s, 2p) Shells
71(1)
6.1.4 Carbon -- The Magic Atom
71(2)
6.1.5 Energy Source Oxygen
73(1)
6.2 Ionic Bonds
74(3)
Literature
75(2)
7 Intermolecular Forces -- Building Complex Structures
77(12)
7.1 Van der Waals Interaction
77(5)
7.1.1 Van der Waals Interaction Between an Atom and a Conducting Wall
78(1)
7.1.2 Van der Waals Interaction Between Two Atoms
78(1)
7.1.3 Van der Waals Interaction and the Casimir Effect
79(1)
7.1.4 Wall-Wall Interaction
80(2)
7.2 Hydrogen Bridge Bond
82(3)
7.2.1 Water
82(1)
7.2.2 Water Molecule
83(1)
7.2.3 Model of the Hydrogen Bridge Bond
83(1)
7.2.4 Ice
84(1)
7.2.5 Specific Heat
84(1)
7.3 Hydrogen Bridge Bond in Biology
85(4)
7.3.1 Primary Structures
85(1)
7.3.2 Secondary Structure
85(2)
7.3.3 α Helix
87(1)
7.3.4 β-Pleated Sheet
87(1)
7.3.5 Tertiary Structure and Higher Levels
88(1)
Literature
88(1)
8 Cold Neutron -- Spectroscopy of the Solid State
89(12)
8.1 Dispersion Relations for Crystals
91(2)
8.1.1 Sodium Crystal
92(1)
8.1.2 Potassium Bromide Crystal
92(1)
8.2 Localised Vibrational Mode
93(3)
8.3 Dispersion Relations for Amorphous Substances
96(1)
8.4 Specific Heat
97(4)
8.4.1 Crystalline Substances
97(1)
8.4.2 Amorphous Substances
98(1)
Literature
99(2)
9 Quantum Gases -- Quantum Degeneration
101(10)
9.1 Fermi Gas
102(2)
9.1.1 Fermi Energy, Fermi Momentum, Fermi Temperature
103(1)
9.1.2 Transition to a Degenerate Fermi Gas
103(1)
9.2 Bosonic Gas
104(3)
9.2.1 Bose--Einstein Condensation
104(3)
9.3 Coherent Photon Gas -- Laser
107(4)
Literature
109(2)
10 Quantum Liquids -- Superfluidity
111(8)
10.1 Normal Liquid 3He
111(2)
10.2 Superfluid 4He
113(3)
10.3 Superfluid Helium Droplets
116(1)
10.4 Superfluid 3He
116(3)
Literature
117(2)
11 Metals -- Quasi-free Electrons
119(14)
11.1 Metallic Bond
119(4)
11.1.1 Metallic Hydrogen
119(2)
11.1.2 Normal Metals
121(2)
11.2 Electrical Conductivity
123(1)
11.3 Cooper Pairs
123(3)
11.4 Diamagnetism in Superconductors
126(2)
11.5 Macroscopic Quantum Interference
128(2)
11.6 Thermal Conductivity
130(3)
Literature
132(1)
12 Hadrons -- Atoms of Strong Interaction
133(16)
12.1 Quarkonia
133(2)
12.2 Hadrons from Light Quarks
135(2)
12.2.1 Nonrelativistic Quark Model
135(2)
12.3 Chiral Symmetry Breaking
137(12)
12.3.1 Constituent Quark
139(3)
12.3.2 The Pion
142(1)
12.3.3 Generalisation to m0 < 0 and Two Quark Flavours
143(1)
12.3.4 The Pion as a Collective State
144(3)
Literature
147(2)
13 The Nuclear Force -- Pion Sharing
149(6)
13.1 Repulsion at Short Distances
150(1)
13.2 Attraction
150(1)
13.3 Information from Light and Heavier Nuclei
151(4)
Literature
153(2)
14 Nuclei -- Droplets of a Fermi Liquid
155(12)
14.1 Global Properties -- The Fermi-Gas Model
156(1)
14.2 Individual Properties -- Shell Model
157(2)
14.3 Collective Excitations
159(8)
14.3.1 Vibrational States
159(1)
14.3.2 Model
159(4)
14.3.3 Deformation and Rotational States
163(1)
14.3.4 Deformation Versus Cooper Pairs
163(2)
Literature
165(2)
15 Stars, Planets, and Asteroids
167(18)
15.1 The Sun and Sun-Like Stars
167(5)
15.1.1 Equation of State
168(1)
15.1.2 Virial Theorem
169(1)
15.1.3 Size and Temperature
169(1)
15.1.4 Proton Energy
170(1)
15.1.5 Electron Energy
170(1)
15.1.6 White Dwarfs
171(1)
15.1.7 Brown Dwarfs
172(1)
15.2 Energy Production in the Sun
172(7)
15.2.1 Proton-Proton Cycle
173(4)
15.2.2 3α →12C-Process
177(2)
15.3 Stars More Massive than the Sun
179(3)
15.3.1 Neutron Stars
180(1)
15.3.2 Black Holes
180(1)
15.3.3 Element Abundance
181(1)
15.4 Planets and Asteroids
182(3)
Literature
184(1)
16 Elementary Particles -- Fundamental Interactions
185(22)
16.1 Families of Particles
185(9)
16.1.1 W± Boson Decays
186(2)
16.1.2 Parity Violation and Weak Isospin
188(1)
16.1.3 K°-K°, B°-B-° Oscillations and CP Violation
189(2)
16.1.4 Neutrino Oscillations
191(3)
16.2 Weak Quark Decays
194(2)
16.2.1 Top Quark Decay
195(1)
16.3 Z° and the Photon
196(2)
16.4 Higgs Ex Machina
198(4)
16.5 Proton Decay
202(5)
Literature
205(2)
17 Cosmology -- The Early Universe
207(12)
17.1 The Three Pillars of the Big Bang Model
208(6)
17.1.1 The Expanding Universe
208(3)
17.1.2 Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation
211(2)
17.1.3 Primordial Abundance of the Elements
213(1)
17.2 Some Problems with the Big Bang Model
214(5)
17.2.1 Particle--Antiparticle Asymmetry
215(1)
17.2.2 Dark Matter
216(1)
17.2.3 Physics at the Planck Scale
217(1)
Literature
218(1)
Physical Constants 219(2)
Index 221
Bogdan Povh, MPI Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg

Mitja Rosina, University of Ljubljana
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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