Preface |
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ix | |
Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
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Controlled and Uncontrolled Separation of Parts: Cutting, Scraping and Spreading |
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1 | (10) |
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Fracture Mechanics and Friction: Muscles, Impact and New Surfaces |
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11 | (24) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (12) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (4) |
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Impact Mechanics and Hammering |
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28 | (3) |
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Work of Formation of New Surfaces |
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31 | (4) |
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Simple Orthogonal Cutting of Floppy, Brittle and Ductile Materials |
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35 | (40) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (4) |
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Different Types of Offcut Formation |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (6) |
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49 | (3) |
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Offcut Formation by Shear |
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52 | (15) |
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Finite Element Simulations |
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67 | (3) |
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Cutting Through the Thickness of Ductile Sheets and Plates: Shearing and Cropping |
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70 | (5) |
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Types of Chip: Load Fluctuations, Scaling and Deformation Transitions |
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75 | (36) |
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75 | (4) |
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79 | (6) |
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Variations in Depth of Cut and Rake Angle |
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85 | (7) |
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Cutting with a Built-up Edge |
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92 | (2) |
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94 | (2) |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (12) |
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Slice---Push Ratio: Oblique Cutting and Curved Blades, Scissors, Guillotining and Drilling |
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111 | (30) |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (6) |
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Offcut Formed in Shear by Oblique Tool |
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119 | (4) |
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123 | (11) |
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Drills, Augers and Pencil Sharpeners |
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134 | (7) |
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Cutting with More Than One Edge: Scratching, Grinding, Abrasive Wear, Engraving and Sculpting |
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141 | (30) |
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141 | (2) |
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Scratching of Low ER/k2 Solids |
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143 | (1) |
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Scratching of High ER/k2 Solids |
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144 | (6) |
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Grinding and Abrasive Papers |
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150 | (7) |
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Scratch Hardness/Scratch Resistance |
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157 | (3) |
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Scratching of Thin Films and Coatings: Pencil Hardness |
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160 | (3) |
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163 | (2) |
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Definitions of the Coefficient of Friction |
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165 | (1) |
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Engraving, Writing Tablets and Polishing |
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166 | (5) |
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Sawing, Chisels and Files |
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171 | (18) |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (7) |
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181 | (8) |
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Punching Holes: Piercing and Perforating, Arms and Armour |
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189 | (32) |
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189 | (3) |
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Quasi-static Piercing with a Pointed Tool |
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192 | (7) |
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Quasi-static Circular Punching |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (7) |
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Penetration and Perforation of Armour |
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209 | (12) |
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Sharpness and Bluntness: Absolute or Relative? Tool Materials and Tool Wear |
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221 | (24) |
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221 | (3) |
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224 | (3) |
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Manufacture and Sharpening |
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227 | (3) |
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Geometry of the Cutting Edge |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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Retention of Sharpness: Tool Wear and Machinability/Cuttability |
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233 | (4) |
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Effect of Bluntness and Clearance Face Rubbing on Cutting Forces, Fc vs t Intercepts and Subsurface Deformation |
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237 | (3) |
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Cutting Edge Sharpness and Workpiece Critical Crack Tip Opening Displacement |
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240 | (2) |
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Compensation for Bluntness |
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242 | (1) |
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Wiggly Crack Paths Produced by Very Blunt Edges |
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242 | (3) |
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Unrestrained and Restrained Workpieces: Dynamic Cutting |
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245 | (14) |
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245 | (3) |
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Minimum Speed for Cutting Unrestrained Workpieces |
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248 | (2) |
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250 | (1) |
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Optimum Shape for a Curved Blade |
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250 | (3) |
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253 | (2) |
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Rotary Mowers and Strimmers |
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255 | (4) |
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Cutting in Biology, Palaeontology and Medicine |
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259 | (24) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (9) |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (11) |
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Food and Food-Cutting Devices and Wire Cutting |
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283 | (24) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (11) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (3) |
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300 | (7) |
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307 | (20) |
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307 | (3) |
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310 | (2) |
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Occlusion and Contact Mechanics |
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312 | (8) |
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Sharpness and Wear of Teeth |
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320 | (2) |
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322 | (1) |
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323 | (4) |
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Burrowing in Soils, Digging and Ploughing |
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327 | (26) |
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327 | (6) |
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333 | (2) |
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Earths, Sands and Burrows: Hole-making and Scraping by Animals |
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335 | (2) |
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Earthmoving and Ploughing |
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337 | (13) |
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350 | (3) |
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Unintentional and Accidental Cutting: Supermarket Plastic Bags, Falling Objects, Ships Hitting Rocks and Aeroplanes Hitting Buildings |
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353 | (14) |
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353 | (3) |
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Grounding and Collision of Ships: Diverging and Converging Tears |
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356 | (3) |
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Progressive Dynamic Fracture |
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359 | (1) |
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Accidents Involving Cables |
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360 | (4) |
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364 | (3) |
Appendix 1 Friction Forces on a Wedge-shaped Tool Cutting Orthogonally |
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367 | (4) |
Appendix 2 Friction in Cutting |
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371 | (4) |
References |
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375 | (32) |
Index |
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407 | |