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E-grāmata: Science and Engineering of Small Arms [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(RFI, OFB & IGM, India), , (NEGENTROPIC CURE CENTER (OPC) PRIVATE LIMITED, India)
  • Formāts: 216 pages, 23 Tables, black and white; 153 Line drawings, black and white; 6 Halftones, black and white; 159 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Oct-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003199397
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  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Cena: 164,53 €*
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Science and Engineering of Small ArmsPalielināt
  • Formāts: 216 pages, 23 Tables, black and white; 153 Line drawings, black and white; 6 Halftones, black and white; 159 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-Oct-2021
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-13: 9781003199397
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Taylor & Francis e-booksMore info about Taylor & Francis e-books
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781003199397
This book explains manufacturing, operation and malfunctions of the small firearms. It covers evolution, development process, underlying physics and mechanics. Different types of ammunition, design requirement, propellant and ballistics are explained including anatomy, manufacturing, surface treatment, failures and technical specifications.

This book initiates with the story of the evolution of firearms to enable the reader to appreciate the sequence of the development of firearms. It discusses different classes of small arms, their mechanics, internal and external ballistics. Further, it covers the design idea of barrels and actions, various operating principles and relevant discussion on ammunition and propellants. The principle of quality in the design of the small arms is also elaborated in the desired degree. The book brings out the relevance of modern manufacturing technologies like MIM and various surface treatments, and polymers for enhancement of product quality. To appreciate the sophistication of the architecture, the book presents the anatomical details of a few small arms of reputes.

Provides complete understanding of overall small weapon systems

Explores mechanics and physics of small arms

Discusses proper design, quality control, and manufacturing process selections for a good weapon

Covers common type of weapon failures and catastrophic failure

Includes relevance of manufacturing processes

The book is aimed at professionals and graduate students in Mechanical Design, Armament Design, Gun Design including personnel in the military, paramilitary, police, and all other armed forces and their maintenance crews.

Foreword xvii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
About the Authors xxiii
Summary xxv
Some Useful Conversion Concept and Formulae xxvii
Chapter 1 A Story of the Evolution of Firearms
1(10)
The Story of Firearms
2(2)
The Emergence of the First Kind of Portable Arms
4(1)
Induction of Rifled Barrels
5(1)
Mass Production of the Firearms
6(1)
The Development of Cartridge for Bolt-Action Rifle
6(1)
Development of Self-contained Block Breech and Firing Pin - a Landmark in Bolt-action Rifle Design
7(1)
Development of Smokeless Powder
7(1)
Automatic Weapons and the Self-loading Rifle
8(1)
The Submachine Guns and Their Variants
8(1)
Bibliography
9(2)
Chapter 2 Introduction to Small Arms
11(28)
2.1 Physics of Firearms
11(10)
Rifling Types
12(1)
Rifling Methods
12(1)
Cut/Hook Cutter Rifling
12(1)
Button Rifling
13(1)
Bullet Spin
13(1)
Twist Rate
14(1)
Calculating the Twist Rate
14(1)
Greenhill Formula
14(1)
Expressing the Twist Rate in Three Different Ways
15(1)
The First Method
15(1)
The Second Method
15(1)
The Third Method
15(1)
Firearms Energy Efficiency
16(1)
Rifle as a Machine
16(1)
Fundamental Input of Firearm Design
16(1)
Force on the Weapon System (Smooth Bore Guns)
17(1)
The Velocity of the Projectile and the Firearm
17(1)
Distribution of Kinetic Energy
18(1)
Energy Transfer
18(3)
2.2 Small Arms
21(18)
2.2.1 Handgun
22(1)
Handguns - Weapons for Self Defense
22(1)
Handguns - Design Feature
22(1)
2.2.2 Types of Rifles
22(1)
Standard Rifles
22(1)
Assault Rifles
23(1)
Configuration of Assault Rifles
23(1)
Two Types of Mechanics of Operation of Firearms
24(1)
A Manual Action
24(1)
B Automatic Actions
25(1)
Types of Recoil Operation
25(1)
Blowback Operation
26(1)
Types of Blowback Operation
26(2)
C Blow Forward Operation
28(1)
Gas Operated Assault Rifle
28(1)
A Long Stroke (LS)
28(1)
B Direct Gas Impingement (DI)
28(1)
C Short Stroke (SS)
29(1)
2.2.3 Machine Guns
29(1)
Light Machine Guns (LMGs)
29(1)
Medium Machine Guns (MMGs)
30(1)
Heavy Machine Guns (HMGs)
31(1)
2.2.4 Sniper Rifles
31(2)
Distinguishing Characteristic of Sniper Barrels
33(1)
2.2.5 Shotgun
33(1)
Types of Shotgun
34(1)
Calculation of the Gauge of Shotgun
34(1)
Shotgun Choke
35(1)
Optimum Barrel Length for a Shotgun
35(1)
The maximum effective range of a shotgun
36(1)
Ballistic Equivalence (Comparable Velocity and Retained Pellet Energy)
36(1)
Choke vs Effective Range
36(1)
Shotgun Recoil Energy
37(1)
Bibliography
37(2)
Chapter 3 Theory of Ammunitions
39(32)
Design Principles of Ammunition Focus Around
39(1)
Priorities in Ammunition Design
39(1)
Design Requirement for Ammunition
39(1)
The Requirements for Design Safety
40(1)
Cartridge
40(1)
Components of Cartridge
40(1)
Cartridge Specifications
40(2)
Primer
42(1)
Types of Primer
42(2)
Cartridge Case Material
44(1)
Conventional Propellant
44(1)
Propellant (Main Charge)
44(1)
Modern Small Arms Propellants
45(1)
Smokeless Powder: The Mother of Modern Small Arms
45(3)
Bullet Design
48(1)
Bullet Shape
48(1)
Bullet Material and Functions
49(1)
Classes of Bullets
49(1)
Ballistic Coefficient Calculation
49(3)
Effect of Bullet Shape
52(1)
Bullet Weight
52(1)
3.1 Internal Ballistics
52(5)
Ballistics
52(1)
Internal Ballistics
52(1)
Factors in Internal Ballistics
53(1)
Aspect Ratio and Consistency
53(1)
Friction and Inertia
54(1)
The Role of Inertia
54(2)
Propellant Design
56(1)
Propellant Burnout
56(1)
Bore Diameter and Energy Transfer
56(1)
The Ratio of Propellant to Projectile Mass
56(1)
Typical Propellant and Projectile Mass
56(1)
Five General Equations Used in Interior Ballistics
56(1)
3.2 External Ballistics
57(4)
3.3 Terminal Ballistics
61(1)
Factors Affecting the Amount of Damage Done by the Projectile
61(1)
3.4 Handgun Ammunition
62(3)
Desired Characteristics of Handgun Ammunition
62(1)
Bullet Grain Weight Impact on Shooting
62(1)
Bullet Weight and Recoil
63(2)
3.5 Shotgun Ammunition
65(6)
Common Shotgun Shell Sizes
66(1)
Shotshell Nomenclature
66(1)
Shot Ballistics
67(1)
Exterior Shot Ballistics
67(1)
Shotshell Application
68(1)
Bibliography
69(2)
Chapter 4 Anatomy of Small Arms
71(24)
The Principle of Design of Anatomy
71(1)
AK47
72(3)
Browning HP
75(2)
S&W53 Revolver
77(2)
Remington 870
79(3)
HK MP5
82(2)
FN P90
84(3)
AN 94
87(4)
Ruger Precession Rifle
91(4)
Chapter 5 Basic Design Concepts
95(40)
5.1 Trigger Mechanism
95(10)
Trigger
95(1)
Function
95(1)
Types of Striking Mechanisms
96(1)
Actions (Mechanisms)
96(1)
A Single-action
96(1)
B Double-action Only
97(1)
C Double-action/Single-action
97(1)
Types of Trigger
98(1)
A Release Trigger
98(1)
B Binary Trigger ("Pull and Release")
98(1)
Set Trigger
99(1)
Example of Set Trigger: Remington 700
99(1)
A Single Set Trigger
99(1)
B Double Set Trigger
99(1)
Pre-set Trigger (Striker or Hammer)
100(1)
Pre-set Hybrid Trigger
101(1)
Variable Triggers
102(1)
A Double-crescent Trigger (Variable)
102(1)
Progressive/Staged Trigger (Variable)
102(1)
Trigger Pull Stages
103(1)
A Take-up
103(1)
B Break
103(1)
C Overtravel
103(1)
Burst Mechanism
104(1)
5.2 Firearm Springs
105(2)
5.3 Barrel
107(19)
Design for Strength
107(5)
Barrel Design Consideration
112(1)
Components of Barrel
112(1)
Chamber Features
112(1)
Bore Features
113(1)
Bore Details
113(1)
Rifling Design Consideration
114(1)
This requires that the rifling meet several tasks
114(1)
Free Bore
114(1)
Rifling
114(1)
Fitting the Projectile to the Bore
115(1)
Rifling Processes
115(1)
Muzzle
116(1)
Muzzle Blast
116(1)
Problems Caused by Muzzle Blast
116(1)
Muzzle Design
116(1)
Shockwave
117(1)
Factors in the Optimal Design of a Modern Gun Barrel
117(1)
Design Check by Stress Analysis
118(1)
Basic Equations of Thick-Walled Cylinders
118(1)
Simplified Analysis (Assumptions for smooth bore barrel)
118(1)
The Solution of the Static Condition
119(1)
Check for Von Mises criteria
119(1)
Gun Barrel Manufacturing: Modern Methods
120(1)
Barrel Material of Small Arms
120(1)
Steel Specifications Used in Barrel
120(1)
Chemical Composition
121(1)
Mechanical Properties
121(1)
Choice of Steel
121(1)
Algorithm for Design Check by Energy Method
121(1)
Estimation of Barrel Peak Pressure from the Geometry of the Barrel and the Bullet Mass and Velocity
122(4)
Conclusions about Optimum Barrel Length
126(1)
5.4 Block Breech
126(1)
Design Principle of Block Breech
126(1)
Types of Actions (Single-Shot-Manual action)
126(1)
Break-action
126(1)
Tilting Block
126(1)
Falling Block
127(1)
Rolling Block
127(1)
5.5 Muzzle Attachments
127(8)
Muzzle Brake
127(1)
Flash Hider (or Flash Suppressor)
128(1)
Compensator
128(1)
Silencer and Suppressor
128(1)
Silencer
128(1)
Silencer vs Suppressor
129(1)
Baffles and Spacers
129(1)
Types of Baffled Silencers/Suppressors
129(1)
Firearm Sight Attachments
129(1)
Different Types of Weapon Sights
130(1)
Iron/Open Sight
130(1)
Aperture sights
131(1)
Telescopic Sights
131(1)
Red Dot Sight
132(1)
Reflex Sight
133(1)
Laser Sight
133(1)
Bibliography
134(1)
Chapter 6 Quality of Design
135(12)
The General Design Philosophy
135(1)
Functionality and Features of Small Arms Based on Combat Roles
136(1)
Differences between Rifles, Shotguns, and Handguns
137(1)
Rifle
137(1)
Handgun (Pistols/Revolver)
137(1)
Difference between a Rifle and Carbine
137(1)
Difference between an Assault Rifle and Sub-machine Gun
137(1)
Difference between an Assault Rifle and Machine Gun
138(1)
Difference between Pistol and Revolver
139(1)
Performance
139(1)
Usability - A Design that is Pleasing to Use
140(1)
Accessibility - A Design that is Equally Useful for Everyone
140(1)
Reliability
141(1)
Small Arms Design Environment
141(1)
Predictability
141(1)
How to Address the Reliability Issues of the Small Arms?
142(1)
Choice of the Principle of Operation
142(1)
Choice of the Material of Construction
142(1)
Design Choice
142(1)
Manufacturing Process
143(1)
Rifling Processes
143(1)
Surface Treatment
143(1)
Stability - Error-free Designs
143(1)
Safety and Security
144(1)
Upgradability/Reusability
144(1)
Emotional Durability and Experience
144(1)
Refinement
144(1)
Quality of Design of Firearms
144(1)
Further Points of Importance That Are to Be Borne in Mind in the Design of Firearms
145(1)
Bibliography
146(1)
Chapter 7 Special Processes in Small Arms Manufacturing
147(12)
The Necessity of Special Processes
147(1)
Manufacturing Approaches for Intricate/Complex Shapes
147(1)
Manufacturing Technology
148(1)
Metal Injection Molding and Powder Metallurgy
148(1)
Powder Metallurgy Basics
148(1)
Metal Injection Molding Basics
149(1)
Indicators for Choice between Conventional PM (Powder Metallurgy) and MIM (Metal Injection Molding)
149(1)
7.1 Metal Injection Molding (MIM)
150(9)
The Evolution of Metal Injection Molding (MIM)
150(1)
Metal Injection Molding (MIM)
150(1)
Criteria that Decides MIM to be a Preferred Option
151(2)
The Capability of the MIM Process
153(1)
Process Steps
154(1)
The Important Steps in MIM Debinding
154(1)
Methods of Debinding
154(1)
Applications of MIM
155(1)
Quality Control Issues in Optimizing Design for MIM Production
155(1)
Desirable Features
155(1)
Allowed Design Features
155(1)
Features to Avoid
155(1)
Size Limitations for MIM
156(1)
The Largest MIM Component
156(1)
Mold Restrictions on Part Size
156(1)
Part Complexity
156(1)
The Efficiency with MIM Materials
156(1)
Part Size Related to Sintering and Debinding
157(1)
Quality Control in the MIM Process and Manufacturing
158(1)
Bibliography
158(1)
Chapter 8 Surface Treatment of Small Arms
159(6)
Surface Treatment Objectives
159(1)
Available Options
159(1)
Primary Steps to Surface Finish
159(1)
Gun Bluing
159(1)
Parkerizing
160(1)
Cerakote, Duracoat, and KG Gunkote
160(1)
Spray-on Method
160(1)
Nickel Boron
161(1)
Electroless Deposition
161(1)
Nitride Coating (QPQ)
161(1)
PVD or CVD Coating
162(1)
Anodizing
162(1)
Electroless vs Electrolytic Plating
162(1)
The Electro Plating Process
162(1)
Electroless Plating Process
163(1)
Electroless Nickel Plating
163(1)
Typically, the constituents of an EN solution are
163(1)
Bibliography
163(2)
Chapter 9 Common Defects
165(6)
Common Gun Malfunctions
165(1)
Failure to Fire
165(1)
Failure to Feed
166(1)
Failure to Extract
166(1)
Failure to Eject
166(1)
Rim Lock and Broken Extractor
167(1)
Hammer Follow
167(1)
Slam Fire
167(1)
Stovepipe
167(1)
Double Feed
168(1)
Out-of-battery
168(1)
Recoil Spring Defect
168(1)
Spent Case and Firing Pin Defect
168(1)
Barrel Defect
169(1)
Identifying Cracks in Gun Barrels
169(1)
Barrel Erosion
169(1)
Cartridge Malfunctions
169(1)
Prevention of Malfunctions and Catastrophic Failures
170(1)
Chapter 10 Catastrophic Failure
171(6)
Primary Reasons for Catastrophic Failures
171(1)
Uncontrolled Burning of the Propellant
172(5)
Chapter 11 Proof Parameters
177(6)
General Objectives of Full Ammunition and Firearms Testing
177(1)
Proof Requirement and Test Parameters for Various Small Arms
177(1)
Proof Test
177(1)
Objectives of Ammunition Testing
177(1)
Small Arms Ammunition Pressure Testing - Civilian Test Methodologies
178(1)
CLP. Method - Commission Internationale Permanente Pour L'epreuve des Armes a feu Portatives, France
178(1)
SAAMI Method - Sporting Arms and Ammunition Manufacturers' Institute, Connecticut, USA
178(1)
Proof Test Differences
178(1)
Instrumentation Used in Proofing
179(1)
Small Arms Ammunition Pressure Testing - Military Test Methodologies
179(1)
Firearms Proof Testing
179(1)
Proof Loads
179(1)
Objectives of Firearms Testing (Acceptance Quality control)
180(3)
Chapter 12 Interpreting the Technical Specification
183(30)
Objectives of Interpreting Technical Specification
183(1)
Infantry Weapons of Small Arms Class
183(7)
Reputed SMGs for Close Quarter Combat
190(1)
Some Handguns of Repute
190(2)
Comparing Specification of Assault Rifles
192(1)
Comparing LMG Specifications
193(1)
MMG
193(1)
Design Outlines of PKM
194(1)
Feed Mechanism
195(1)
Gas Operated
196(1)
Recoil Operated
197(1)
Classical Specification (12.7 mm HMG)
198(1)
What Else Is Provided in the Specs?
198(1)
What's the Normally Offered Package?
198(1)
Specimen HMG Case
198(1)
What Are the Missing Items in the Specification Package?
199(1)
Design Details and Features to be Examined Answered
199(1)
Authors' Notes on Present-day Firearms
200(1)
Most Significant Improvement
200(1)
Plastic Injection Molding (PIM) can Improve the Form, Function, and Fitness of the Weapon
200(1)
Sighting System
200(1)
Two Present-day Good Quality Firearms
201(1)
Assault Rifle
201(1)
Precession Rifle
201(1)
A Unique Rifle
202(1)
New Challenges and Emerging Requirement
203(2)
Multiple Choice Questions for Practice
205(8)
Index 213
Prasanta Kumar Das, M-Tech (Mech) was a former General Manager Rifle Factory Ishapore, Ordnance Factory Board (OFB), Ministry of Defence, Govt. of India. He has worked in the field of small arms for more than 28 years and led important small arms projects including design, manufacturing, quality control, and testing of handguns, sporting rifles, assault rifles, LMGs, MMGs, and HMGs, implemented in several Indian ordnance factories. He has been awarded the Best Engineer's Award by the Ordnance Factory Board for his outstanding contribution to the successful implementation of an assault rifle project. He has also worked as General Manager of India Govt. Mint, Noida for 5 years, and served as an Asst. Professor in Mechanical Engineering for 7 years in an Indian engineering college. He has been awarded an Invention Award by the National Research Development Corporation(NRDC), Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for his invention in the small arms.

Lalit Pratim Das, M-Tech (Elec) has 10 years of experience in the design of small arms kinematics and synthesis. He is a guest faculty member for imparting, training to the maintenance crew of the users of firearms and designers in a training institute of repute. He is also a specialist in electrical power system design.

Dev Pratim Das, BSc-Film Technology is a serious enthusiast in exploring several types of firearms, and expert in analyzing and synthesizing the kinematics of small arms mechanisms, and the design of energy flow paths in the weapon system. He has also in-depth knowledge and experience of 5 years on the details of the actions of the weapon, and an excellent analyzer of weapon ergonomics, and architecture including the muzzle devices of various designs for control of muzzle blast, flash, and recoil. He is a guest faculty member for imparting, training to the maintenance crew of the users of firearms and designers in a training institute of repute. He is a Bachelor in Science in Film Technology, and has specialized in animation and computer graphics design. The credits of the computer modelling and graphics of the small arms weapons that are displayed in the book has been created by him. He is a prolific graphic designer and experienced teacher of all types of firearms.
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