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x | |
Preface |
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xii | |
Abbreviations |
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xv | |
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1 Introducing Second Language Processing |
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1 | (32) |
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1 | (2) |
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1.2 Characterizing SLP Research |
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3 | (9) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2.2 A Broader Scope Than L1 Psycholinguistics |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2.3 From Processing Data to Representation and Acquisition Issues |
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5 | (3) |
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1.2.4 An Experimental Approach That Emphasizes Vigorous Variable Manipulation and Control |
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8 | (4) |
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1.3 Recurrent Themes in SLP Research |
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12 | (12) |
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1.3.1 The Acquirability of a Non-Native Language |
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13 | (4) |
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17 | (2) |
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1.3.3 Documenting and Explaining Age Effects |
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19 | (5) |
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24 | (9) |
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2 Phonological Processing in L2: Concepts, Methods, and Models |
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33 | (40) |
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33 | (1) |
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2.2 Speech Production and Acoustic Cues |
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33 | (5) |
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2.3 Cross-Linguistic Differences in Sound Systems |
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38 | (5) |
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2.3.1 The Sound Inventory and Acoustic Details |
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38 | (1) |
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2.3.2 Distinctive Features |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (9) |
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2.4.1 Assessing Perception |
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44 | (1) |
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2.4.1.1 The Identification Task |
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45 | (1) |
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2.4.1.2 The Discrimination Task |
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45 | (2) |
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2.4.1.3 The Oddball Paradigm |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.2 Assessing Production |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.2.1 Speech Sample Elicitation |
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48 | (1) |
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2.4.2.2 Speech Sample Evaluation |
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49 | (3) |
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2.5 Models of L2 Phonological Processing |
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52 | (12) |
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2.5.1 The Speech Learning Model (SLM) |
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53 | (2) |
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2.5.2 The Perceptual Assimilation Model (PAM) and PAM-L2 |
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55 | (4) |
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2.5.3 The Native Language Magnet Model (NLMM) |
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59 | (3) |
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2.5.4 The Featural Models |
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62 | (2) |
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64 | (9) |
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3 Phonological Processing in L2: Issues and Findings |
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73 | (70) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (27) |
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3.2.1 L1 Influence: Dealing With New Phonetic Phenomena |
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74 | (1) |
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3.2.1.1 Segmental Transfer |
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75 | (1) |
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3.2.1.2 Featural Transfer |
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76 | (3) |
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3.2.1.3 Suprasegmental Transfer |
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79 | (2) |
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3.2.1.4 Phonotactic Transfer |
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81 | (1) |
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3.2.1.5 L1 Influence and Use of Acoustic Cues |
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82 | (1) |
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3.2.1.6 L1 Influence in Word Recognition |
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83 | (1) |
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3.2.1.7 Positive Transfer |
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84 | (1) |
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3.2.1.8 L2 Processing Universals? |
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84 | (3) |
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3.2.2 L1 Influence: The Role of the Degree or Pattern of L1--L2 Overlap |
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87 | (1) |
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3.2.2.1 Testing the SLM: The More Similar, the More Difficult? |
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88 | (2) |
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3.2.2.2 Testing the PAM: Pair Types and Difficulty Levels |
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90 | (4) |
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94 | (5) |
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3.2.4 The Case of Simultaneous Bilinguals |
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99 | (2) |
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3.3 Age and Acquirability |
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101 | (15) |
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3.3.1 Documenting Age-Related Differences |
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101 | (3) |
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3.3.2 Documenting Nativelikeness in L2 Phonology |
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104 | (1) |
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3.3.2.1 Nativelike Phonology Among Early Learners |
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105 | (1) |
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3.3.2.2 Nativelike Phonology Among Late Learners |
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105 | (1) |
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3.3.2.3 Non-Native Phonology Among Late Learners With Long LOR |
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106 | (1) |
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3.3.2.4 Non-Native Phonology Among Early Learners |
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107 | (3) |
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3.3.3 Explaining Age-Related Differences |
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110 | (1) |
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3.3.3.1 Neurophysiological Perspectives |
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111 | (2) |
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3.3.3.2 A Neurocognitive or Neuropsychological Approach |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (10) |
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3.4.1 LOR, L2 Experiences, and L2 Proficiency |
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117 | (5) |
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122 | (1) |
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3.4.3 Segment-Related Factors |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (17) |
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143 | (53) |
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143 | (1) |
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4.2 Understanding Lexical Representation and Processing |
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144 | (7) |
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4.2.1 Characteristics of Lexical Representation |
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144 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Methods for Studying Lexical Processing |
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146 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Lexical Processing Effects |
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147 | (1) |
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4.2.3.1 Frequency, Familiarity, and Age-of-Acquisition Effects |
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147 | (2) |
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4.2.3.2 Other Lexical Property Effects |
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149 | (1) |
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4.2.3.3 Meaning-Related Effects |
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150 | (1) |
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4.2.3.4 Nonword-Related Effects |
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150 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (1) |
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151 | (9) |
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4.3.1 Importance of Form-Based Connections |
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152 | (5) |
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4.3.2 The Episodic L2 Lexicon |
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157 | (3) |
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4.4 Word Recognition in L2: The Role of L1 |
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160 | (10) |
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4.4.1 Transfer of Processing Strategies: Phonology vs. Orthography |
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160 | (4) |
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4.4.2 Transfer of Word Recognition and Reading Skills |
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164 | (3) |
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4.4.3 Commonalities and Universalities in L1 and L2 Word Recognition |
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167 | (3) |
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4.5 Word Recognition in L2: Other Issues |
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170 | (13) |
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4.5.1 Automatic Activation of L1 Translations in L2 Word Recognition |
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170 | (3) |
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4.5.2 A Larger Frequency Effect in L2 |
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173 | (5) |
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4.5.3 The Integration of Unfamiliar Words |
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178 | (5) |
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183 | (13) |
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5 Processing Complex Words, Multiword Units, and Meanings in L2 |
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196 | (48) |
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196 | (1) |
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5.2 Processing Complex Words in L2 |
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197 | (12) |
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5.2.1 Representation and Processing of Complex Words: Models and Approaches |
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197 | (4) |
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5.2.2 Processing Complex Words in L2: The Decomposition Debate |
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201 | (5) |
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5.2.3 Processing Complex Words in L2: L1 Influence |
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206 | (3) |
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5.3 Processing Multiword Expressions in L2 |
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209 | (19) |
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5.3.1 Defining and Differentiating Multiword Expressions |
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210 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Holistic Representation and Processing of Multiword Units |
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213 | (5) |
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5.3.3 L1 Influence in Collocation Representation and Processing |
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218 | (4) |
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5.3.4 Figurative and Literal Meanings in Idiom Processing Among NNS |
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222 | (6) |
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5.4 Semantic Processing in L2 |
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228 | (6) |
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5.4.1 L2 Semantic Processing and Development |
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229 | (3) |
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5.4.2 Cerebral Involvement in Semantic Processing in L1 and L2 |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (10) |
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6 Sentence Processing in L2: Parsing |
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244 | (42) |
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244 | (5) |
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6.1.1 Sentence Ambiguity and the Garden-Path Effect |
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244 | (3) |
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6.1.2 Models of Syntactic Parsing |
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247 | (2) |
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6.2 The Role of L1 in L2 Parsing |
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249 | (11) |
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6.2.1 Verb Subcategorization |
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249 | (5) |
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6.2.2 Relative Clause Attachment |
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254 | (6) |
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6.3 Syntactic and Lexicosemantic Information in L2 Parsing |
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260 | (12) |
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6.3.1 The Use of Lexicosemantic Information in L2 Parsing |
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261 | (4) |
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6.3.2 The Use of Syntactic Information in L2 Parsing |
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265 | (7) |
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6.4 Working Memory and L2 Sentence Processing |
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272 | (6) |
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278 | (8) |
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7 Sentence Processing in L2: Sensitivity to Morphosyntactic Violations |
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286 | (37) |
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286 | (1) |
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7.2 Methodological Considerations for Assessing Acquisition |
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287 | (4) |
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291 | (12) |
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291 | (6) |
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7.3.2 Electrophysiological Studies |
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297 | (6) |
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7.4 Understanding the Conflicting Findings |
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303 | (5) |
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7.4.1 Discrepancies Across Paradigms |
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303 | (1) |
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7.4.1.1 Behavioral and ERP Studies |
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303 | (1) |
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7.4.1.2 The SPRT vs. Eye Tracking |
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304 | (2) |
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7.4.2 The Proficiency Factor |
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306 | (2) |
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7.4.3 Explaining the Distance Effect |
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308 | (1) |
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7.5 Explaining the Morphological Congruency Effect |
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308 | (8) |
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7.5.1 Explaining the Effect: A Theoretical Proposal |
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309 | (5) |
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7.5.2 Testing the Proposal |
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314 | (2) |
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316 | (7) |
Epilogue |
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323 | (3) |
Index |
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326 | |