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E-grāmata: Selenium Contamination in Water

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  • Izdošanas datums: 11-May-2021
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  • ISBN-13: 9781119693536
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-May-2021
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  • ISBN-13: 9781119693536
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"Selenium contamination is worldwide phenomenon. Contamination of Selenium in surface and ground water in river basins is one of the critical problems now a days. As Selenium shows a narrow tolerance limit (40-400mg/day), the problem of both deficiency and toxicity of Se have being identified in many parts of India and the world. Different countries are making efforts to remove Selenium from water using different technologies. Some specific processing technologies include reduction, bioremediation, phytoremediation coagulation, electro-coagulation, co-precipitation, electric kinetics, adsorption, chemical precipitation and membrane technology"--

The contamination of environment and water resources by Selenium (Se) and its oxyanions from various sources are emerging contaminants of significant health and environmental concern. The primary sources include agricultural drainage water, mine drainage, residues from fossil fuels, thermoelectric power plants, oil refineries, and metal ores. Various methods and technologies have been developed which focus on the treatment of selenium-containing waters and wastewater. High concentrations of selenium in water cause various adverse impact to human health, such as carcinogenic, genotoxic, and cytotoxic effects. But in the lower concentrations, it is a useful constituent of the biological system. The range between toxicity and deficiency of selenium is minimal (40 to 400 μg per day), due to its dual nature.  

Selenium Contamination in Water&;contains the latest status and information on selenium’s origin, its chemistry and its toxicity to humans. The book represents a comprehensive and advanced reference book for students, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in working in the field of metalloids, in particular selenium. A special emphasis is given on its geological distribution, monitoring techniques, and remedial technologies. As such, the authors critically analyze the various techniques used for the monitoring and removal of selenium from water. 

Featuring chapters arranged according to the major themes of the latest research, with specific case-studies from industrial experiences of selenium detection and removal, Selenium Contamination in Water&;will be particularly valued by researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in working in the field of metalloids including selenium. 

List of Contributors xvii
1 Mapping of Selenium Toxicity and Technological Advances for its Removal: A Scentiometric Approach 1(19)
Madhulika Bhati
Jayashree Rajesh Prasad
Charu lhamaria
Sakshi Narula
Dipa Mahato
1.1 Introduction
1(9)
1.1.1 Contamination Status of Selenium
2(2)
1.1.2 Mapping Selenium Research Dynamics Advances
4(1)
1.1.3 Bibliometric Analysis
5(5)
1.2 Selenium Reduction Technologies Used in India
10(2)
1.3 Selenium Reduction Technologies Used in China
12(1)
1.4 Selenium Research Dynamics Using AI Techniques
13(1)
1.5 Conclusion
14(1)
Acknowledgment
14(1)
Conflict of Interest
15(1)
References
15(5)
2 Selenium Distribution and Chemistry in Water and Soil 20(19)
Sulaxna Sharma
Awanish Kumar Sharma
2.1 Introduction
20(2)
2.2 Environmental Distribution and Forms
22(4)
2.3 Species of Selenium
26(2)
2.4 Interaction of Selenium with Organic Matters and Microorganisms
28(2)
2.5 Interaction of Selenium with Clay Mineral
30(1)
2.6 Conclusion
31(1)
References
32(7)
3 Occurrence and Sources of Selenium Contamination in Soil and Water and its Impacts on Environment 39(12)
Rashmi Dahake
Amit Bansiwal
Asmita Jadhav
3.1 Introduction
39(2)
3.1.1 Chemistry of Se
40(1)
3.1.2 Forms of Se
40(1)
3.1.3 Chemical and Physical Properties
40(1)
3.2 Sources and Occurrence of Se in the Environment
41(2)
3.2.1 Natural Sources
41(1)
3.2.2 Anthropogenic Sources of Contamination in Environment
42(1)
3.3 Drinking Water Standards and Criteria
43(1)
3.4 Effect of Se in Human, Terrestrial, and Aquatic Life
43(2)
3.4.1 Human Population
43(1)
3.4.2 Aquatic and Terrestrial Life
44(1)
3.4.3 Biological Role
45(1)
3.5 Industrial Applications
45(2)
3.6 Conclusions
47(1)
References
47(4)
4 Selenium Toxicity in Domestic Animals: Sources, Toxicopathology, and Control Measure 51(22)
Arup Giri
Puneet Ranjan
Vijay K. Bharti
4.1 Introduction
51(1)
4.2 Sources of Selenium to Domestic Animals
52(3)
4.2.1 Soil
53(1)
4.2.2 Water
53(1)
4.2.3 Forage
54(1)
4.2.4 Feed Supplements
54(1)
4.2.5 Diagnosis of Se in Soil, Forages, and in Livestock Animals
54(1)
4.3 Toxicopathology of Selenium in Different Domestic Animals
55(7)
4.3.1 Cattle
56(1)
4.3.2 Sheep
56(1)
4.3.3 Pigs
57(2)
4.3.4 Poultry
59(2)
4.3.5 Camel and Horse
61(1)
4.3.6 Antelope
61(1)
4.4 Control Measures of Selenium Toxicity
62(1)
4.5 Conclusion
63(1)
References
64(9)
5 Positive and Negative Impacts of Selenium on Human Health and Phytotoxicity 73(18)
Gyanendra Tripathi
Dhirendra Kumar Srivastava
Vishal Mishra
5.1 Introduction
73(2)
5.2 Exposure of Selenium in the Environment
75(1)
5.2.1 Water
75(1)
5.2.2 Soil
76(1)
5.2.3 Air
76(1)
5.2.4 Direct Exposure of Selenium to Humans by Feed
76(1)
5.3 Effect of Selenium on Human Health
76(7)
5.3.1 Toxicity of Selenium
81(2)
5.4 Selenium Phytotoxicity
83(2)
5.4.1 Se Uptake and Accumulation
83(1)
5.4.2 Effect of Se on Plants
84(1)
5.5 Conclusion
85(1)
References
86(5)
6 Various Analytical Techniques for Se Determination in Different Matrices 91(24)
Deepak Yadav
Rupali Jha
Pradeep Kumar
Pardeep Singh
6.1 Introduction
91(13)
6.1.1 Health Hazards: Impact of Se on Human Health
97(2)
6.1.2 Industrial Techniques Used for Selenium Removal
99(1)
6.1.3 Se Monitoring Recommendations
100(3)
6.1.4 Development and Challenges during Se Treatment Practices
103(1)
6.2 Spectroscopic Techniques
104(2)
6.2.1 Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS)
104(1)
6.2.2 Flame Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (FAAS)
104(1)
6.2.3 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES)
105(1)
6.2.4 Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS)
105(1)
6.2.5 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES)
106(1)
6.3 Chromatographic Methods
106(1)
6.4 Electroanalytical Methods
107(1)
6.4.1 Other Analytical Methods
107(1)
6.4.2 Atomic Fluorescence and Emission Spectroscopy (AFS and AES)
107(1)
6.5 Electrochemical Methods
108(1)
6.6 Other Analytical Methods
108(1)
6.7 X-Ray Techniques
109(1)
6.7.1 Activation Investigation
109(1)
6.8 Conclusions
110(1)
References
110(5)
7 Voltammetric Sensors and Materials for Selenium Detection in Water 115(34)
Pinki Rani Agrawal
Rahul Sharma
7.1 Introduction
115(6)
7.2 Voltammetric Method: Basic Principles and Mechanism
121(1)
7.3 Type of Voltammetric Methods for Selenium Detection in Water
122(3)
7.3.1 Stripping Voltammetry
123(1)
7.3.1.1 Anodic Stripping Voltammetry
123(1)
7.3.1.2 Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (CSV)
123(1)
7.3.2 Square Wave Voltammetry
124(1)
7.3.3 Linear Sweep Voltammetry
124(1)
7.3.4 Cyclic Voltammetry
124(1)
7.3.5 Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) Methods
124(1)
7.4 Electrodes and Electrode Materials/Modifiers for Voltammetric Detection of Selenium in Water: Designing and Sensing Performance
125(10)
7.4.1 Electrodes
125(1)
7.4.2 Electrode Materials
125(10)
7.5 Realization of Voltammetric Sensors for Selenium Detection in Water: Concluding Remarks and Future Scope
135(2)
References
137(12)
8 Optical Sensors and Materials for Selenium Determination in Water 149(20)
Rishabh Jain
Anupma Thakur
Praveen Kumar
Neerja Mittal
Pooja Devi
8.1 Introduction
149(2)
8.2 Health Effects and Sources of Selenium Toxicity
151(1)
8.3 Sensing Principles and Design of Optical Sensory Probes
152(1)
8.4 Advances in Optical Sensory Probes: A Meta-Analysis on Optical Materials
153(9)
8.4.1 Absorbance-Based Platforms
153(6)
8.4.2 Photoluminescence-Based Platforms
159(3)
8.5 Commercial Optical Sensors for Selenium Analysis
162(1)
8.6 Summary and Future Outlook
163(1)
References
163(6)
9 Biosensors for the Detection of Selenium in Environment 169(12)
Paramdeep Kaur
Deepanshu Monga
Baljinder Singh
9.1 Introduction
169(1)
9.2 Biosensors and Their Types
170(3)
9.2.1 Working
170(1)
9.2.2 Types of Biosensors
171(2)
9.3 Biosensors for Selenium Detection
173(3)
9.3.1 Enzyme-Based Biosensors
173(1)
9.3.2 Whole Cell-based Biosensors
173(2)
9.3.3 DNA-based Biosensors
175(1)
9.4 Conclusion
176(1)
References
176(5)
10 Physical and Chemical Methods for Selenium Removal 181(25)
S. Koviya
10.1 Introduction
181(1)
10.1.1 Selenium and Origin of Contamination
181(1)
10.1.2 Why Se Removal is Essential
181(1)
10.2 Methods Available for Se Removal
182(1)
10.3 Physical Methods for Se Removal
183(7)
10.3.1 Reverse Osmosis
183(6)
10.3.2 Nanofiltration
189(1)
10.4 Chemical Methods for Se Removal
190(6)
10.4.1 Precipitation
190(1)
10.4.2 Adsorption
190(2)
10.4.3 Ion Exchange
192(1)
10.4.4 Photocatalytic Reduction
192(1)
10.4.5 Zero-Valent Ion Reduction
193(2)
10.4.6 Electrochemical Methods
195(1)
10.5 Combination of Physical and Chemical Methods
196(1)
10.6 Conclusion
196(1)
Acknowledgments
197(1)
References
197(9)
11 Chemical Methods for Removal and Treatment of Selenium from Water 206(22)
Surinder Singh
Lavisha Bashambu
Pooja Devi
Sushi! Kumar Kansal
11.1 Introduction
206(5)
11.2 Selenium Removal Methods
211(1)
11.3 Chemical Treatment
211(1)
11.4 Adsorption
211(8)
11.4.1 Magnetic Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite
211(1)
11.4.2 Dendrimer Functionalized Graphene Oxide
212(1)
11.4.3 Poly (allylamine) (PAA) -Graphene Oxide
212(1)
11.4.4 Hematite-Coated Magnetic Nanoparticles (MNPs)
213(1)
11.4.5 Organic Ligands
213(1)
11.4.6 Se Adsorption Using Metal Oxides/Hydroxides
214(1)
11.4.7 FeOOH
215(1)
11.4.8 Natural Goethite
215(1)
11.4.9 Biosorption
215(2)
11.4.10 Chitosan-Nanocomposite Hollow Fibers
217(1)
11.4.11 Modified Cellulose Aerogels
217(1)
11.4.12 Ion-Imprinted Polymeric Adsorbents
217(2)
11.5 Combination of Adsorption and Ion Exchange
219(1)
11.5.1 Iron Oxide-anion Exchange Resin
219(1)
11.5.2 Ferrous-Manganese Hydrous Oxide
219(1)
11.6 Combination of Adsorption and Reduction
219(4)
11.6.1 Zero-Valent Iron
219(2)
11.6.2 Biosynthesized Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron
221(1)
11.7 Precipitation and Reduction
221(1)
11.8 Bioreactor (Reduction)
221(2)
11.9 Conclusions
223(1)
Acknowledgment
223(1)
References
224(4)
12 Biological Treatment Advancements for the Remediation of Selenium from Wastewater 228(24)
Vishal Singh
Gyanendra Tripathi
Vishal Mishra
12.1 Introduction
228(1)
12.2 Bacteria-Mediated Selenium Removal
229(6)
12.2.1 Mechanism
229(2)
12.2.2 Treatment Technologies
231(4)
12.2.2.1 Biofilm Bioreactor
231(3)
12.2.2.2 Sludge-Based Bioreactors
234(1)
12.2.2.3 Selenium Volatilization
235(1)
12.3 Algae-Mediated Se Removal
235(4)
12.3.1 Mechanism
236(2)
12.3.2 Treatment Technologies
238(1)
12.3.2.1 Constructed Wetland
238(1)
12.3.2.2 Algal-Bacterial Selenium Removal (ABSR) System
238(1)
12.3.2.3 Biosorption
238(1)
12.4 Phytoremediation
239(3)
12.4.1 Phytoremediation Processes
240(13)
12.4.1.1 Phytoextraction
240(2)
12.4.1.2 Phytovolatilization
242(1)
12.5 Remediation of Selenium by Fungi
242(1)
12.6 Conclusion
243(1)
Acknowledgment
243(1)
References
244(8)
13 Nanomaterials for the Remediation of Selenium in Water 252(15)
Ketki Kulkami
Ketki Nagpure
Amit Bansiwal
Nitin Labhsetwar
13.1 Introduction
252(1)
13.2 Various Selenium Remediation Techniques
253(3)
13.2.1 Chemical Precipitation
254(1)
13.2.2 Phytoremediation
254(1)
13.2.3 Bioremediation
254(1)
13.2.4 Coagulation-Flocculation
255(1)
13.2.5 Electrocoagulation (EC)
255(1)
13.2.6 Co-Precipitation Method
256(1)
13.3 Selenium Removal Using Adsorption
256(1)
13.4 Nano Materials for Remediation of Selenium in Water
257(7)
13.4.1 Single Metallic Nanoparticles as Adsorbents
257(3)
13.4.2 Mixed Metal-Based Nanoparticles
260(1)
13.4.3 Magnetic Nanoparticles
261(1)
13.4.4 Nanocomposites
261(3)
13.4.4.1 Nanocomposites Using Inorganic Frameworks
262(1)
13.4.4.2 Nanocomposites Using Porous Polymeric Matrix
262(1)
13.4.4.3 Carbon/Graphene-Based Nanocomposites
263(1)
13.4.5 Photocatalytic Nanoparticles/Nanocomposites (Titanium-Based Nanoparticles)
264(1)
13.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
264(1)
References
265(2)
14 Harnessing Biogeochemical Principals for Remediation of Selenium- Contaminated Soils 267(30)
Jennifer Cooper
14.1 Introduction
267(1)
14.2 Selenium as a Nutrient for Humans and Animals
268(1)
14.3 Selenium Toxicity to Humans
269(1)
14.4 Selenium Toxicity in Plants
270(2)
14.5 Selenium Toxicity in Animals
272(1)
14.6 Sources of Selenium: Natural and Anthropogenic
272(2)
14.7 Concentrations of Selenium in Terrestrial, Aquatic, and Atmospheric Environments
274(2)
14.8 Selenium Chemistry and Movement in the Environment
276(3)
14.9 Conventional Remediation Techniques
279(5)
14.10 Nanomaterial-Based and Innovative Remediation Techniques
284(2)
14.11 Conclusions
286(1)
References
286(11)
15 Membrane Separation Technologies for Selenium 297(22)
Majid Peyravi
Abolfazi Arjmandi
15.1 Introduction
297(1)
15.2 Se Resources
298(3)
15.2.1 Soil
299(1)
15.2.2 Waters
300(1)
15.2.3 Plants
300(1)
15.2.4 Air
300(1)
15.2.5 Food
301(1)
15.3 Health Hazards
301(1)
15.4 Membrane Applications
302(8)
15.4.1 Hybrid System
302(2)
15.4.2 Adsorbent Membrane
304(1)
15.4.3 Ultrafiltration and Nanofiltration
304(2)
15.4.4 Novel Thin-film Composite Membranes
306(3)
15.4.4.1 What Is TFC?
306(1)
15.4.4.2 Thin-Film Nanocomposite Membranes
306(3)
15.4.4.3 TFC & Zwitterionic Polymer
309(1)
15.4.5 Functionalized Nanowire Membrane
309(1)
15.5 Commercial Aspect
310(2)
15.6 Conclusion
312(1)
References
312(7)
16 Intensifying Approaches for Removal of Selenium 319(37)
Kailas L. Wasewar
16.1 Introduction
319(1)
16.2 Selenium
320(2)
16.3 Selenium and Wastewater
322(2)
16.4 Process Intensification
324(2)
16.5 Process Intensification in Wastewater Treatment
326(1)
16.6 Conventional and Intensified Ways for Selenium Removal
327(15)
16.6.1 Biological Treatment
327(4)
16.6.1.1 Microbial Reduction
328(1)
16.6.1.2 Microbial Volatilization
329(1)
16.6.1.3 Enzymatic Reduction
329(1)
16.6.1.4 Enhanced In-Situ Microbial Reduction
329(1)
16.6.1.5 Algal Treatment
329(1)
16.6.1.6 Microbial Fuel Cell
330(1)
16.6.1.7 Packed Bioreactor
330(1)
16.6.1.8 Fluidized Bed Reactor
330(1)
16.6.1.9 Hydrogen-Based Membrane Biofilm Reactor
330(1)
16.6.1.10 Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor
331(1)
16.6.1.11 Biochemical Reactor
331(1)
16.6.2 Constructed Wetlands
331(1)
16.6.3 Phytoremediation
332(1)
16.6.4 Adsorption
332(5)
16.6.4.1 Metal Oxides
333(1)
16.6.4.2 Activated Adsorbents
333(1)
16.6.4.3 Low-Cost Adsorbent
334(1)
16.6.4.4 Soil as Adsorbent
334(1)
16.6.4.5 Layered Double Hydroxides
334(1)
16.6.4.6 Ferrihydrite Adsorbent
334(1)
16.6.4.7 Maghemite Adsorbent
335(1)
16.6.4.8 Conjugate Adsorbent
335(1)
16.6.4.9 Graphene Oxides
335(1)
16.6.4.10 Ion Exchange
335(1)
16.6.4.11 In-Situ Solidification and Chemisorption
335(1)
16.6.4.12 Nanoadsorbents
335(2)
16.6.5 Membrane Technologies
337(2)
16.6.5.1 Reverse Osmosis
338(1)
16.6.5.2 Emulsion Liquid Membranes
338(1)
16.6.5.3 Nanofiltration
338(1)
16.6.5.4 Ceramic Microfiltration
338(1)
16.6.6 Oxidation/Reduction
339(1)
16.6.6.1 Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI)
339(1)
16.6.6.2 Catalyzed ZVI
339(1)
16.6.6.3 Advanced Reduction Process
339(1)
16.6.6.4 Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI)
340(1)
16.6.7 Evaporation
340(1)
16.6.7.1 Evaporation Ponds
340(1)
16.6.7.2 Enhanced Evaporation Systems
340(1)
16.6.7.3 Salinity Gradient Solar Pond
340(1)
16.6.7.4 Mechanical Evaporator/Crystallizer
341(1)
16.6.8 Coagulation
341(1)
16.6.9 Electrocoagulation
341(1)
16.6.10 Photoreduction
341(1)
16.6.11 Precipitation
342(1)
16.6.12 Permeable Reactive Barriers
342(1)
16.7 Discussion
342(2)
References
344(12)
17 The Emerging Threat of Selenium Pollution: A Spatial Analysis of its Sources and Vulnerable Areas in India 356(32)
Ipsita Nandi
Rahul Harshwardhan
Anuradha Kumari
17.1 Introduction
356(1)
17.2 Understanding of Selenium
357(2)
17.2.1 Selenium Chemistry
357(1)
17.2.2 Uses of Selenium
358(1)
17.3 Toxicity of Selenium
359(3)
17.3.1 Selenium as a Toxic Substance
359(2)
17.3.2 Mechanism of Selenium Toxicity
361(1)
17.4 Selenium Pollution
362(7)
17.4.1 State of Art of Selenium Pollution
362(2)
17.4.2 Mechanism of Selenium Pollution
364(1)
17.4.3 Pollution at Global Level
365(2)
17.4.4 Selenium Pollution of Aquifers in India
367(2)
17.5 Identification of Vulnerable Areas
369(5)
17.5.1 Least Vulnerable Areas
369(2)
17.5.2 Moderately Vulnerable Areas
371(2)
17.5.3 Highly Vulnerable Areas
373(1)
References
374(14)
Index 388
The Editors

Dr Pooja Devi is a Principal Scientist at CSIR-CSIO, India.

Dr Pardeep Singh is an Assistant Professor at PGDAV College, University of Delhi, India.

Dr Arindam Malakar is a Postdoctoral Research Associate at the Nebraska Water Center, University of Nebraska, USA.

Professor Daniel Snow is a Research Associate Professor at the Nebraska Water Center, University of Nebraska, USA.
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