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E-grāmata: Self-Assembled Nanostructures

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Aiming to systematically cover assembly and synthesis, characterization, and applications, a team of editors from American academic institutions and Sandia National Laboratories survey the basic physics and chemistry of nanomaterial based architectures or self-assembled systems. Natural and artificial self-assembled structures are discussed. Chapters discuss synthetic methods for making nanocrystals, the structure and chemical functionality of nanoachitectures, lithiography-engineered nanoarchitecture and nanofabrication, optical and dynamic properties, and electrochemical and transport properties. Annotation (c) Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Nanostructures refer to materials that have relevant dimensions on the nanometer length scales and reside in the mesoscopic regime between isolated atoms and molecules in bulk matter. These materials have unique physical properties that are distinctly different from bulk materials. Self-Assembled Nanostructures provides systematic coverage of basic nanomaterials science including materials assembly and synthesis, characterization, and application. Suitable for both beginners and experts, it balances the chemistry aspects of nanomaterials with physical principles. It also highlights nanomaterial-based architectures including assembled or self-assembled systems. Filled with in-depth discussion of important applications of nano-architectures as well as potential applications ranging from physical to chemical and biological systems, Self-Assembled Nanostructures is the essential reference or text for scientists involved with nanostructures.

Recenzijas

"Self-Assembled Nanostructures is an excellent introductory-level book that provides a systematic coverage of all basic principles of self-assembly science and technology but it also provides an indepth discussion of many fundamental aspects. The volume is therefore intended as an appropriate and useful reference source for both beginners and expert scientists working in this fascinating research area. The volume was written by five prominent scientists who have made substantial contributions to the field." (G. Carotenuto, ITMC - National Research Council Naples, Italy)

Introduction
Synthetic Self-Assembled Materials: Principles and Practice
Microscopic and Macroscopic Interactions
7(6)
Molecular Interaction Energies
7(2)
Macroscopic Interaction Energies
9(2)
Hydrogen Bonding, Hydrophobic, and Hydrophilic Interactions
11(2)
Surfactants and Amphiphilic Molecules
13(1)
Transition from Dispersed State to Condensed State: The Beginning of Self-Assembly
13(4)
Packing Geometry: Attaining the Desired Self-Assembled Structures
17(3)
Effect of Surfactant Concentration
18(1)
Effect of Chain Length
19(1)
Effect of Cosolvents
20(1)
Effect of Salts and Ionic Species
20(1)
Self-Assembled Block Copolymer Nanostructures
20(2)
Co-Assembly of Liquid Crystalline Structures and Inorganic Materials
22(8)
Interactions between Cationic Surfactants and Anionic Silicates
26(2)
Interactions between Other Surfactants, Polymers, and Ceramics
28(2)
Intelligent Nanoscale Materials
30(23)
Molecular Recognition
31(8)
Responsive Nanoscale Materials
39(14)
Examples of Nanoscale Materials in Nature
Multiscale Ordering and Function in Biological Nanoscale Materials
53(1)
Hierarchical Ordering in Natural Nanoscale Materials
54(5)
Proteins as the Basic Building Materials of the Biological World
54(1)
Hierarchical Structures in Bone Tissue
55(3)
Shell as a Composite Material
58(1)
Multifunction of the Organic Phase in Biological Nanoscale Materials
59(18)
The Contribution to the Mechanical Properties
59(3)
Molecularly Directed Self-Assembly of Inorganic Minerals
62(2)
Sensing, Motion, and Response
64(13)
Nanocrystal Self-Assembly
Nanocrystals
77(1)
Shapes of Polyhedral Nanocrystals
77(13)
Cubic-Like Nanocrystals
79(1)
Tetrahedral Nanocrystals
80(1)
Octahedral and Truncated Octahedral Nanocrystals
81(1)
Twinning and Stacking Faults
82(1)
Multiply Twinned Icosahedral and Decahedral Particles
83(2)
Faceted Shape of Rod-Like Nanocrystals
85(1)
Surface Defects
86(2)
Surface Reconstruction of Nanocrystals
88(1)
Ultra-Small Particles and the Magic Number
88(2)
Self-Assembly of Nanocrystals
90(5)
Surface Passivation
93(1)
Interparticle Bonds
94(1)
Solution-Phase Self-Assembly of Particles
95(7)
Metallic Nanocrystals
95(2)
Semiconductor Nanocrystals
97(2)
Metallic Magnetic Nanocrystals
99(2)
Oxide Nanocrystals
101(1)
Technical Aspects of Self-Assembling
102(3)
Size Selection of Monodispersive Nanocrystals
102(1)
Assembling of Nanoparticles with Mixed Sizes/Phases
103(1)
Growth Mechanism of Nanocrystal Self-Assembly
104(1)
Properties of Nanocrystal Self-Assembly
105(4)
Template Assisted Self-Assembly
109(3)
NanoChannel Array Guided Self-Assembly
109(1)
Natural Structure Hosted Self-Assembly
110(1)
Catalysis Guided Growth of Carbon Nanotube Arrays
111(1)
Stress Constrained Self-Assembly of Quantum Dots
111(1)
Summary
112(7)
Structural Characterization of Nanoarchitectures
X-Ray Diffraction
119(4)
Crystallography of Self-Assembly
119(3)
Structure of Nanocrystals
122(1)
Scanning Probe Microscopy
123(2)
Scanning Electron Microscopy
125(4)
Transmission Electron Microscopy
129(25)
Image Formation
129(2)
Contrast Mechanisms
131(1)
Shapes of Nanocrystals
132(2)
Crystallography of Self-Assembly
134(2)
Self-Assembly of Shape Controlled Nanocrystals
136(4)
Defects in Self-Assembly
140(7)
Chemical Imaging of Self-Assembled Structures
147(3)
In Situ Structural Transformation
150(4)
Summary
154(3)
Fabrication of Nanoarchitectures Using Lithographic Techniques
Fabrication Techniques and Nanolithography
157(1)
X-Ray, Electron, and Ion-Beam Lithography
158(3)
X-Ray Lithography
159(1)
Electron- and Ion-Beam Lithography
159(2)
Nanoparticle Lithography
161(2)
Scanning Probe Lithography
163(8)
Resolution and Nanofabrication
163(2)
STM-Based Nanolithography
165(3)
AFM-Based Nanolithography
168(3)
Concluding Remarks
171(6)
Chemical and Photochemical Reactivities of Nanoarchitectures
Redox Potentials of Nanomaterials
177(2)
Quantum Size Confinement Effect
177(1)
Surface Effect
178(1)
Effects of Light
178(1)
Photochemical and Chemical Reactions
179(2)
Photochemical Reactions
179(1)
Chemical Reactions without Light
180(1)
Photoelectrochemical Reactions
181(2)
Photocatalysis and Environmental Applications
183(4)
Small Inorganic Molecules
183(1)
Large Organic Molecules
183(1)
Water Pollution Control
184(2)
Air Pollution Control
186(1)
Molecular Recognition and Surface Specific Interaction
187(14)
Optical, Electronic, and Dynamic Properties of Semiconductor Nanomaterials
Energy Levels and Density of States in Reduced Dimension Systems
201(3)
Energy Levels
201(3)
Density of States
204(1)
Electronic Structure and Electronic Properties
204(2)
Electronic Structure of Nanomaterials
204(2)
Electron-Phonon Interaction
206(1)
Optical Properties of Semiconductor Nanomaterials
206(15)
Absorption: Direct and Indirect Transitions
206(6)
Emission: Photoluminescence and Electroluminescence
212(4)
Nonlinear Optical Properties
216(1)
Single Particle Spectroscopy
217(4)
Applications of Optical Properties
221(5)
Lasers and Light Emitting Diodes
221(1)
Photovoltaic Solar Cells
222(1)
Optical Filters: Photonic Band Gap Materials
223(1)
Other Applications
224(2)
Charge Carrier Dynamics in Semiconductor Nanoparticles
226(31)
Spectral Line Width and Electronic Dephasing
226(1)
Charge Carrier Relaxation
227(1)
Charge Carrier Trapping
228(1)
Electron-Hole Recombination
228(7)
Charge Transfer
235(22)
Optical, Electronic, and Dynamic Properties of Metal Nanomaterials
Static Absorption Properties of Metal Nanoparticles and Assemblies
257(5)
Emission of Metal Particles
262(1)
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS)
263(1)
Spectral Line Widths and Electronic Dephasing
263(1)
Electronic Relaxation Dynamics
264(2)
Electron-Phonon Interaction
266(1)
Single Particle Spectroscopy of Metal Nanoparticles
266(1)
Applications of Metal Nanoparticles
266(5)
Electrochemical Properties of Nanoparticle Assemblies
Introduction
271(1)
Classical Coulomb Staircase
272(3)
Nanoparticle Quantized Capacitance Charging
275(25)
Synthesis and Separation of Monolayer-Protected Nanoparticles
275(2)
Nanoparticle Quantized Capacitance Charging
277(6)
Self-Assembled Monolayers of Nanoparticles
283(3)
Solvent Effects on Nanoparticle Quantized Capacitance Charging
286(5)
Potential Control of Rectification
291(2)
Electron Transfer Kinetics
293(7)
Bulk-Phase Electrochemistry of Nanoparticles
300(4)
Solid-State Conductivity
300(1)
Electroactive Functional Groups
301(3)
Concluding Remarks
304(5)
Index 309