| Foreword |
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xxv | |
| Preface |
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xxvii | |
| Acknowledgments |
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xxxi | |
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The Role of Sensors in the 21st Century |
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1 | (42) |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (1) |
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Establishing an Automation Program |
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5 | (2) |
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Photo Sensing Fluorescence in Genome Sequencing |
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7 | (1) |
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A New Sensing Tool for Decoding the Genome |
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8 | (1) |
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Mapping RNA Protein Folding Energy Through Bio-Sensors |
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8 | (1) |
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Nano-Sensor Manufacturing Challenges |
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9 | (1) |
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Nano-Crystals Enable Scalable Memory Technologies |
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9 | (1) |
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Chromaticity---Color Rendering Index (CRI) |
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10 | (5) |
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15 | (1) |
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The Color Rendering Index (CRI) |
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15 | (4) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (4) |
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19 | (1) |
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LEDs---Light-Emitting Diodes |
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19 | (4) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (5) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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Non-Phosphor White LEDs at a Viewing Angle of 30° |
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30 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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Luminous Intensity (Candlepower) |
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32 | (7) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Foot-Candle to Lux Conversion |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
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The Difference Between Lumen and Watt |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Calculating Lumens Output---Luminous Flux |
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38 | (1) |
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Calculating Center and Edge Points---Two Points |
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38 | (1) |
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Calculating Center, Middle, and Edge Points---Three Points |
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38 | (1) |
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Calculating Four Calculation Points |
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39 | (1) |
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Calculating Five Calculation Points |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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39 | (4) |
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Spectralon® Material---Light Reflectance Calibration |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (3) |
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Classification and Types of Sensors |
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43 | (90) |
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43 | (5) |
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Classification of Control Processes |
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48 | (2) |
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Open- and Closed-Loop Control Systems |
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50 | (1) |
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Understanding Photoelectric Sensors |
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51 | (7) |
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51 | (1) |
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Manufacturing Applications of Photodetectors |
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52 | (6) |
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58 | (3) |
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The Through-Beam Detection Method |
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58 | (1) |
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The Reflex Detection Method |
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58 | (1) |
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The Proximity Detection Method |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (3) |
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Typical Applications of Inductive Proximity Sensors |
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62 | (2) |
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Typical Applications of Capacitive Proximity Sensors |
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64 | (1) |
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Understanding Inductive Proximity Sensors |
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64 | (11) |
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64 | (3) |
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Inductive Proximity Sensing Range |
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67 | (1) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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Variation Between Devices |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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Understanding Capacitive Proximity Sensors |
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75 | (4) |
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75 | (2) |
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Features of Capacitive Sensors |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Understanding Limit Switches |
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79 | (1) |
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Inductive and Capacitive Sensors in Manufacturing |
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80 | (18) |
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81 | (1) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (1) |
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Inductive and Capacitive Control/Output Circuits |
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85 | (2) |
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Accessories for Sensor Circuits |
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87 | (1) |
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Inductive and Capacitive Switching Logic |
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88 | (5) |
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Inductive and Capacitive Sensor Response Time---Speed of Operation |
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93 | (5) |
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Understanding Microwave Sensing Applications |
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98 | (12) |
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Characteristics of Microwave Sensors |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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Detecting Motion with Microwave Sensors |
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100 | (4) |
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Detecting Presence with Microwave Sensors |
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104 | (1) |
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Measuring Velocity with Microwave Sensors |
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105 | (1) |
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Detecting Direction of Motion with Microwave Sensors |
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105 | (1) |
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Detecting Range with Microwave Sensors |
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106 | (3) |
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Microwave Technology Advancement |
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109 | (1) |
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Confocal Microscopy Sensors |
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110 | (3) |
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Confocal Profiling Characterization Systems |
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110 | (1) |
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Driving Inspection Requirements |
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111 | (2) |
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Probe-Mark Inspection Requirements |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Understanding Laser Sensors |
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113 | (20) |
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Properties of Laser Light |
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114 | (1) |
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Essential Laser Components |
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114 | (5) |
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Semiconductor Displacement Laser Sensors |
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119 | (1) |
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Industrial Applications of Laser Sensors |
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119 | (13) |
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132 | (1) |
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Fiber Optics in Sensors and Control Systems |
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133 | (58) |
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133 | (1) |
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Photoelectric Sensors---Long-Distance Detection |
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133 | (8) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (1) |
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Reflex Photoelectric Controls |
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137 | (1) |
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Polarized Reflex Detection |
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138 | (1) |
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Proximity (Diffuse-Reflection) Detection |
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139 | (1) |
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Automated Guided Vehicle System |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (4) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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145 | (3) |
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145 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Inductive Proximity Sensors---Noncontact Metal Detection |
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148 | (2) |
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Limit Switches---Traditional Reliability |
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150 | (1) |
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Factors Affecting the Selection of Position Sensors |
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151 | (1) |
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Wavelengths of Commonly Used Light-Emitting Diodes |
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152 | (1) |
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Sensor Alignment Techniques |
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152 | (3) |
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152 | (1) |
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Retroreflective Sensing Mode |
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152 | (1) |
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Proximity (Diffuse) Sensing Mode |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Fiber Optics in Industrial Communication and Control |
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155 | (1) |
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Principles of Fiber Optics in Communications |
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155 | (2) |
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Fiber-Optic Information Link |
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157 | (1) |
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Configurations of Fiber Optics |
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157 | (8) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Digital Links---Carrier-Based |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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Configurations of Fiber Optics for Sensors |
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165 | (5) |
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165 | (2) |
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Bundle Design Considerations |
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167 | (1) |
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Fiber Pairs for Remote Sensing |
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168 | (1) |
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Fiber-Optic Liquid Level Sensing |
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169 | (1) |
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Flexibility of Fiber Optics |
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170 | (2) |
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170 | (2) |
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The Testing of Fiber Optics |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (3) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (4) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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Networking with Electrooptic Links |
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179 | (5) |
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Hybrid Wire/Fiber Networks |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (2) |
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Fiber-Optic Sensory Links for Minicell Controllers |
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184 | (1) |
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Versatility of Fiber Optics in Industrial Applications |
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184 | (7) |
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High-Clad Fiber-Optic Cables |
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185 | (4) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (2) |
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Networking of Sensors and Control Systems in Manufacturing |
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191 | (38) |
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191 | (2) |
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The Number of Products in a Flexible System |
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193 | (1) |
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Sensors Tracking the Mean Time between Operator Interventions |
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194 | (1) |
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Sensors Tracking the Mean Time of Intervention |
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194 | (1) |
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194 | (1) |
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Sensors Tracking the Mean Processing Time |
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194 | (2) |
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Network of Sensors Detecting Machinery Faults |
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196 | (11) |
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196 | (1) |
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Resonance and Vibration Analysis |
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197 | (1) |
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Sensing Motor Current for Signature Analysis |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Sensors for Diagnostic Systems |
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198 | (1) |
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Quantifying the Quality of a Workpiece |
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199 | (1) |
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Evaluation of an Existing Flexible Manufacturing Cell Using a Sensing Network |
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199 | (8) |
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Understanding Computer Communications and Sensors' Role |
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207 | (6) |
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Application Layer Communication |
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209 | (1) |
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Presentation Layer Communication |
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209 | (1) |
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Session Layer Communication |
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210 | (1) |
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Transport Layer Communication |
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210 | (1) |
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Network Layer Communication |
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210 | (1) |
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Data Link Layer Communication by Fiber Optics or Coaxial Cable |
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210 | (1) |
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Physical Layer Communication |
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210 | (1) |
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Adding and Removing Information in Computer Networks Based on Open System Interconnect (OSI) |
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211 | (2) |
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Understanding Networks in Manufacturing |
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213 | (3) |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP) |
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216 | (1) |
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Manufacturing Automation Protocol |
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216 | (5) |
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Broadband System for MAP Protocol |
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217 | (2) |
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Carrier-Band System for MAP Protocol |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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Token Systems for MAP Protocol |
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220 | (1) |
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Multiple-Ring Digital Communication Network---AbNET |
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221 | (2) |
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The Universal Memory Network |
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223 | (2) |
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225 | (4) |
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226 | (3) |
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The Role of Sensors and Control Technology in Computer-Integrated Manufacturing |
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229 | (46) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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The CIM Plan in Manufacturing |
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231 | (1) |
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The CIM Plan in Engineering and Research |
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231 | (1) |
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The CIM Plan in Production Planning |
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231 | (1) |
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The CIM Plan in Physical Distribution |
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231 | (1) |
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The CIM Plan for Business Management |
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231 | (1) |
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The CIM Plan for the Enterprise |
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232 | (1) |
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The Manufacturing Enterprise Model |
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232 | (14) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (3) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (3) |
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242 | (2) |
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244 | (2) |
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Design of CIM with Sensors and Control Systems |
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246 | (6) |
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Components of CIM with Sensors and Control Systems |
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247 | (1) |
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CIM with Sensors and Control Systems at the Plant Level |
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248 | (4) |
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Decision Support System for CIM with Sensors and Control Systems |
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252 | (2) |
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Computer-Integrated Manufacturing Database (CIM DB) |
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252 | (1) |
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Structure of Multiobjective Support Decision Systems |
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253 | (1) |
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Analysis and Design of CIM with Sensors and Control Systems |
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254 | (3) |
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Structured Analysis and Design Technique (SADT) |
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255 | (1) |
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A Multiobjective Approach for Selection of Sensors in Manufacturing |
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256 | (1) |
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Data Acquisition for Sensors and Control Systems in CIM Environments |
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257 | (5) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (1) |
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Data Acquisition for Sensors and Control Hardware |
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259 | (2) |
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261 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Developing CIM Strategy with Emphasis on Sensors' Role in Manufacturing |
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262 | (13) |
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263 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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Plant Floor Communications |
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264 | (2) |
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Managing Data in the CIM Environment |
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266 | (1) |
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CIM Environment Presentation |
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267 | (2) |
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The Requirement for Integration |
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269 | (4) |
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273 | (2) |
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Advanced Sensor Technology in Precision Manufacturing Applications |
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275 | (50) |
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Identification of Manufactured Components |
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275 | (3) |
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Bar-Code Identification Systems |
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275 | (2) |
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277 | (1) |
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Electromagnetic Identification of Manufactured Components |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Optical Character Recognition |
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278 | (1) |
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278 | (4) |
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Position Encoder Sensors in Manufacturing |
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280 | (2) |
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Fuzzy Logic for Optoelectronic Color Sensors in Manufacturing |
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282 | (6) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (2) |
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Units of Color Measurement |
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285 | (1) |
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Color Comparators and True Color Measuring Instruments |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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Optimum Detectors in Light Sensors |
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288 | (1) |
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Available Light Sensing Options |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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Phototransistors and Photodarlingtons |
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291 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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Sensor Electronic Assemblies |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (1) |
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Considering High-Performance Photodiodes |
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295 | (1) |
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Hybrids of Photomultipliers Options |
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295 | (1) |
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Design Considerations in Fuzzy Logic Color Sensors |
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295 | (3) |
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Fuzzy Logic Controller Flowcharts |
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296 | (2) |
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Sensors Detecting Faults in Dynamic Machine Parts (Bearings) |
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298 | (2) |
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Sensors for Vibration Measurement of a Structure |
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300 | (2) |
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Optoelectronic Sensor Tracking Targets on a Structure |
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302 | (1) |
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Optoelectronic Feedback Signals for Servomotors through Fiber Optics |
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303 | (2) |
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Acoustooptical/Electronic Sensors for Synthetic-Aperture Radar Utilizing Vision Technology |
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305 | (2) |
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The Use of Optoelectronic/Vision Associative Memory for High-Precision Image Display and Measurement |
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307 | (2) |
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Sensors for Hand-Eye Coordination of Microrobotic Motion Utilizing Vision Technology |
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309 | (1) |
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Force and Optical Sensors Controlling Robotic Grippers for Agriculture and Manufacturing Applications |
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310 | (2) |
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Ultrasonic Stress Sensor Measuring Dynamic Changes in Materials |
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312 | (2) |
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Predictive Monitoring Sensors Serving the CIM Strategy |
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314 | (1) |
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Reflective Strip Imaging Camera Sensor---Measuring a 180°-Wide Angle |
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315 | (2) |
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Optical Sensor Quantifying Acidity of Solutions |
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317 | (2) |
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Sensors for Biomedical Technology |
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319 | (6) |
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Sensor for Detecting Minute Quantities of Biological Materials |
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319 | (1) |
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Sensors for Early Detection and Treatment of Lung Tumors |
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320 | (1) |
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Ultrasensitive Sensors for Single-Molecule Detection |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (2) |
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Industrial Sensors and Control |
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325 | (54) |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (1) |
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Temperature Sensors in Process Control |
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329 | (8) |
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Semiconductor Absorption Sensors |
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330 | (1) |
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Semiconductor Temperature Detector Using Photoluminescence |
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331 | (3) |
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Temperature Detectors Using Point-Contact Sensors in Process Manufacturing Plants |
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334 | (1) |
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Noncontact Sensors---Pyrometers |
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334 | (3) |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensors |
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338 | (2) |
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Nano-Positioning Capacitive Metrology Sensors |
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340 | (3) |
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Nano-Capacitive Positioning Sensors |
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340 | (3) |
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Electrode Geometry, Sensor Surface Flatness, and Finish |
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343 | (1) |
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Special Design Eliminates Cable Influences |
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343 | (1) |
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Materials Achieving Greater Accuracy |
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343 | (1) |
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Mounting, Calibration, and Measuring Ranges |
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344 | (1) |
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Parallelism of Measuring Surfaces |
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345 | (1) |
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345 | (3) |
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348 | (1) |
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Factory Calibration for Improved Linearity |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Using the Integrated Linearization System (ILS) for Highest Accuracy |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Multichannel Measurements |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Displacement Sensors for Robotic Applications |
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
Process Control Sensors Measuring and Monitoring Liquid Flow |
|
|
350 | (5) |
|
Flow Sensors Detecting Small Air Bubbles for Process Control in Manufacturing |
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
Liquid Level Sensors in Manufacturing Process Control for Petroleum and Chemical Plants |
|
|
353 | (2) |
|
Sensory MEMS Enable Certain Molecules to Signal Breast Cancer's Spread |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
On-Line Measuring and Monitoring of Gas by Spectroscopy |
|
|
356 | (3) |
|
Using Avalanche Photodiodes to Improve System Performance |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Structures of Avalanche Photodiodes---APD Structures |
|
|
360 | (2) |
|
Critical Performance Parameters |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Understanding the Specifications Responsivity and Gain |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Dark Current and Noise Current |
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
|
|
365 | (2) |
|
|
|
367 | (1) |
|
Crack Detection Sensors for Commercial, Military, and Space Industry Use |
|
|
367 | (2) |
|
Control of the Input/Output Speed of Continuous Web Fabrication Using Laser Doppler Velocity Sensor |
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Ultrasonic/Laser Nondestructive Evaluation Sensor |
|
|
370 | (1) |
|
Process Control Sensors for Acceleration |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
An Endoscope as Image Transmission Sensor |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Sensor Network Architectures in Manufacturing |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
Power Line Fault-Detection Systems for Power Generation and Distribution Industries |
|
|
375 | (4) |
|
|
|
376 | (3) |
|
Sensors in Flexible Manufacturing Systems |
|
|
379 | (60) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
The Role of Sensors in FMS |
|
|
380 | (3) |
|
Current Available Sensor Technology for FMS |
|
|
381 | (2) |
|
Robot Control through Vision Sensors |
|
|
383 | (5) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
Robot Vision and Human Vision |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Robot Vision and Visual Tasks |
|
|
384 | (2) |
|
Robot Visual Sensing Tasks |
|
|
386 | (1) |
|
Robots Utilizing Vision Systems to Recognize Objects |
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
Robot Vision Locating Position |
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
Robot Guidance with Vision System |
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
Robot Vision Performing Inspection Tasks |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Components of Robot Vision |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
End Effector Camera Sensor for Edge Detection and Extraction |
|
|
391 | (4) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
392 | (1) |
|
|
|
393 | (2) |
|
End Effector Camera Sensor Detecting Partially Visible Objects |
|
|
395 | (5) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
End Effector Sound-Vision Recognition Sensors |
|
|
400 | (7) |
|
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Large Surface Measurements |
|
|
402 | (2) |
|
Sensitivity of Measurements |
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
End Effector Linear Variable-Displacement Transformer Sensor |
|
|
407 | (4) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Cryogenic Manufacturing Applications |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Measurement at High Temperatures in Manufacturing |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Robot Control through Sensors |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Multisensor-Controlled Robot Assembly |
|
|
412 | (5) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
History of Industrial Robotics |
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Early Modern Developments |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
The Invention of Industrial Robots |
|
|
419 | (7) |
|
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
Robot Programming and Interfaces |
|
|
423 | (1) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
Movement and Singularities |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (2) |
|
The 2006 World Robot Market---Total Worldwide Sales |
|
|
428 | (6) |
|
Measurements of Robot Density Based on the Total Number of Persons Employed |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
Robot Densities---One Robot per Ten Workers in the Motor Vehicle Industry |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Installations of Advanced Multipurpose Industrial Robots by Type |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Distribution of Service Robots for Professional Use |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Distribution of Service Robots for Personal and Private Use |
|
|
435 | (1) |
|
Projections for the Period 2007-2010 |
|
|
436 | (3) |
|
|
|
437 | (2) |
|
|
|
439 | (48) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (1) |
|
Sensors for Input Control |
|
|
440 | (4) |
|
Microcomputer Interactive Development System |
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
The Personal Computer as a Single-Board Computer |
|
|
445 | (5) |
|
Role of Sensors in Programmable Logic Controllers---PLC |
|
|
446 | (2) |
|
|
|
448 | (2) |
|
|
|
450 | (1) |
|
|
|
450 | (19) |
|
Manufacturing Procedure and Control |
|
|
451 | (1) |
|
|
|
452 | (5) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (4) |
|
Operation of an NC System |
|
|
462 | (4) |
|
Computer Numerical Control System |
|
|
466 | (3) |
|
|
|
469 | (4) |
|
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
Linear Indexing for Manufacturing Applications |
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Synchronous Indexing for Manufacturing Applications |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
Parallel Data Transmission |
|
|
478 | (2) |
|
|
|
480 | (3) |
|
The Collection and Generation of Process Signals in Decentralized Manufacturing Systems |
|
|
483 | (4) |
|
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
|
487 | (36) |
|
An Introduction to SpectRx NIR Technology |
|
|
487 | (1) |
|
Abbreviations---Nomenclature |
|
|
487 | (3) |
|
|
|
490 | (1) |
|
Formula and Mathematical Relations |
|
|
491 | (1) |
|
The SpectRx FFT-NIR Technology Advantage |
|
|
492 | (3) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
Radiometric and Spectral Theory |
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (11) |
|
Object View Spectral Radiation |
|
|
495 | (2) |
|
Transmission of the Spectroradiometer |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Johnson Noise (InSb Detectors) |
|
|
499 | (4) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (1) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
Scanning Instability Noise |
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
|
504 | (1) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
|
|
506 | (1) |
|
Instrument Line Shape and Spectral Resolution |
|
|
506 | (3) |
|
|
|
507 | (1) |
|
|
|
508 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (6) |
|
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
Multiple Point Calibrations |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Linear Multiple Point Calibrations |
|
|
512 | (1) |
|
Nonlinear Multiple Point Calibrations |
|
|
513 | (2) |
|
|
|
515 | (8) |
|
Calibration Source Errors |
|
|
515 | (2) |
|
|
|
517 | (2) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Detector Nonlinearity Errors |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (2) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
Economic and Social Interests in the Workplace |
|
|
523 | (42) |
|
Manufacturing Operation Control Through Financial Planning |
|
|
523 | (6) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
|
|
524 | (1) |
|
Selling and Administrative Budget |
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
Income Statement and Balance Sheet Projections |
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
527 | (1) |
|
|
|
528 | (1) |
|
Information Assimilation and Decision Making |
|
|
529 | (6) |
|
|
|
529 | (1) |
|
Breakeven Chart and Formula |
|
|
529 | (2) |
|
Utilization of Breakeven Analysis |
|
|
531 | (1) |
|
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
The Large New Production Order |
|
|
532 | (1) |
|
|
|
533 | (1) |
|
The Importance of the Basic Data |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
535 | (7) |
|
|
|
536 | (1) |
|
|
|
537 | (1) |
|
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Controllable and Uncontrollable Costs |
|
|
538 | (2) |
|
Construction of the Report |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Analyzing Cost and Profit Data |
|
|
540 | (1) |
|
Communication of Business Financial Status |
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Mathematical Methods for Planning and Control |
|
|
542 | (14) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
543 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
The Expected Net Cash Flow |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
544 | (3) |
|
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (1) |
|
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
|
|
551 | (4) |
|
|
|
555 | (1) |
|
Where Do Sensors and Control Systems Take Us? |
|
|
556 | (9) |
|
|
|
563 | (2) |
| Index |
|
565 | |
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