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E-grāmata: Serbian Clitics

(Dalhousie University)
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Serbian CliticsPalielināt
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"Clitics, those "funny little words" like English contracted future tense and pluperfect tense/conditional mood markers ('ll and 'd) or French pronominal objects (le 'him', la 'her', lui 'to him/her', etc.), have long been a source of fascination for linguists. Lacking an inherent stress that characterizes "well-behaved" words, clitics prosodically depend on a stressed sentence element, called their host, which makes them look and, in some contexts, behave like affixes (parts of words). Some clitics, Serbian second-position clitics being the case in point, also obey stringent linear ordering rules, different from those holding for fully-fledged sentence elements. This monograph offers a comprehensive formalized description of second-position clitics in standard Serbian from the viewpoint of the Meaning-Text theory, an approach relying on syntactic dependencies and oriented towards speech production, which sets it apart from most contemporary frameworks. It will be of interest for general linguists, Slavists, and advanced learners of Serbian"--

Clitics, those “funny little words” like English contracted future tense and pluperfect tense/conditional mood markers (’ll and ’d) or French pronominal objects (le ‘him’, la ‘her’, lui ‘to him/her’, etc.), have long been a source of fascination for linguists. Lacking an inherent stress that characterizes “well-behaved” words, clitics prosodically depend on a stressed sentence element, called their host, which makes them look and, in some contexts, behave like affixes (parts of words). Some clitics, Serbian second-position clitics being the case in point, also obey stringent linear ordering rules, different from those holding for fully-fledged sentence elements. This monograph offers a comprehensive formalized description of second-position clitics in standard Serbian from the viewpoint of the Meaning-Text theory, an approach relying on syntactic dependencies and oriented towards speech production, which sets it apart from most contemporary frameworks. It will be of interest for general linguists, Slavists, and advanced learners of Serbian.
List of figures and tables
ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xvii
Symbols, abbreviations and writing conventions xix
Chapter 1 Clitics and syntactic dependencies
1(30)
1 Clitics in Language and linguistics
1(8)
1.1 Denning clitics
1(4)
1.2 Types of clitics
5(4)
1.3 Approaches to clitics
9(1)
2 Basic facts about Serbian clitics
9(13)
2.1 Overview of the Serbian clitic system
10(1)
2.1.1 Inventory of Serbian 2P clitics
10(1)
2.1.2 Cliticization
11(1)
2.1.3 Linearization of Serbian 2P clitics
12(4)
2.2 Other Slavic clitic systems
16(5)
2.3 Serbian clitics in scholarly literature
21(1)
3 Basic notions of dependency representation relevant for describing clitics
22(9)
3.1 Meaning-text linguistic models
23(1)
3.1.1 The input for clitic placement operations: Surface-syntactic representation
24(2)
3.1.2 The output of clitic placement operations: Deep-morphological representation
26(1)
3.1.3 Rules carrying out clitic placement operations
27(1)
3.2 Synthetizing Serbian sentences with clitics: An illustration
28(3)
Chapter 2 Cliticization of Serbian personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs
31(10)
1 Cliticization
31(2)
2 Licensing conditions on cliticization
33(5)
3 Cliticization rules for personal pronouns and auxiliary verbs
38(1)
4 Summary
39(2)
Chapter 3 Serbian clitic cluster
41(20)
1 Constitution of the clitic cluster
41(5)
1.1 Clitic cluster template
41(2)
1.2 Mutual order of the clitics within the cluster
43(3)
2 Co-occurrence constraints affecting clitics
46(12)
2.1 "Clitic1 ~ clitic2" cooccurrence constraints
46(1)
2.1.1 Syntactic constraints on the co-occurrence of clitics
46(5)
2.1.2 Morphonological constraints on the co-occurrence of clitics
51(5)
2.2 "Clitic ~ host" cooccurrence constraints
56(1)
2.2.1 Hosts Of LI(iNTERR)
56(1)
2.2.2 Hosts of the clitic future markers
57(1)
3 Clitic cluster building rules
58(2)
4 Summary
60(1)
Chapter 4 Linear placement of Serbian clitics
61(28)
1 Overview of Serbian 2P clitic linear placement
61(3)
2 An informal account of Serbian 2P clitic placement
64(12)
2.1 Types of host
64(1)
2.2 Fixed placement
65(2)
2.3 Variable placement
67(2)
2.3.1 Delayed placement (skipping)
69(3)
2.3.2 Insertion
72(3)
2.3.3 Clause-final position
75(1)
3 Linear placement of Serbian clitics within the Meaning-Text framework
76(11)
3.1 MTT constituents as "building blocks" for the linearization of the syntactic structure
77(2)
3.2 Linearization rules
79(1)
3.2.1 Sample sentences with clitics and their relevant representations
79(2)
3.2.2 Linearization rules for non-clitic elements
81(2)
3.2.3 Linearization rules for the clitics
83(4)
4 Summary
87(2)
Chapter 5 Special issues in the linear placement of Serbian clitics
89(24)
1 Clitic pseudo-climbing out of dependent infinitive phrases
89(19)
1.1 Overview of infinitive clitics linear placement
89(3)
1.2 An informal description of the linearization of infinitive clitics
92(1)
1.2.1 Governors and syntactic roles of Vinf
92(7)
1.2.2 Factors relevant for the linear placement of the infinitive clitics
99(3)
1.3 Linearization of the infinitive clitics within the Meaning-Text framework
102(1)
1.3.1 What does "pseudo-" in "clitic pseudo-climbing" mean?
103(2)
1.3.2 Linearization rules for the infinitive clitics
105(3)
2 Serbian clitics as proclitics
108(3)
2.1 Post-prosodic break clitic placement
108(1)
2.2 Clause-initial clitic placement
109(2)
3 Summary
111(2)
Chapter 6 Morphological makeup of Serbian clitics
113(16)
1 Pronominal clitics
114(8)
1.1 Forms of personal pronouns
114(1)
1.1.1 First and second person pronouns: JA `I', TI `you[ SG]', MI `we', VI `you[ PL]'
114(1)
1.1.2 Third person pronoun ON `he'
115(1)
1.1.3 Linguistic comments
116(3)
1.2 Morphology of personal pronouns
119(3)
2 Verbal clitics
122(5)
2.1 Forms of auxiliary verbs
122(1)
2.1.1 BITI `be'
123(1)
2.1.2 HTETI lit. `will' [ future tense auxiliary]
124(1)
2.2 Morphology of auxiliary verbs
124(1)
2.2.1 Affirmative forms
124(1)
2.2.2 Negative forms
125(2)
3 Summary
127(2)
Chapter 7 Serbian clitics as a challenge for the linguistic theory
129(22)
1 Serbian clitic auxiliaries: Syntactic heads or dependents?
129(8)
1.1 The problem stated
129(2)
1.2 Determining the direction of the syntactic dependency in the configuration V(AUX)FIN-V(lex)
131(1)
1.2.1 Two formal criteria for determining the direction of the syntactic dependency
131(2)
1.2.2 Informal considerations for determining the direction of the syntactic dependency
133(2)
1.2.3 Additional arguments in favor of treating Serbian auxiliaries as clausal heads
135(2)
2 Serbian future-tense markers: Clitics or affixes?
137(12)
2.1 The problem stated
137(1)
2.1.1 Wordform and affix
138(1)
2.1.2 Puzzling properties of future-tense markers
139(3)
2.2 Criteria for distinguishing clitics from affixes
142(1)
2.2.1 Syntactic criteria
142(2)
2.2.2 Morphonological criteria
144(2)
2.2.3 Criteria proposed in Zwicky & Pullum (1983)
146(3)
3 Summary
149(2)
Concluding remarks 151(2)
References 153(10)
Index of languages 163(2)
Index of terms 165
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