Preface |
|
xi | |
|
|
1 | (6) |
|
Part I Theory of the Consumer |
|
|
|
2 Preferences and Utility |
|
|
7 | (18) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
2.2 The Consumer's Preference Relation |
|
|
8 | (5) |
|
2.3 The Marginal Rate of Substitution |
|
|
13 | (3) |
|
2.4 The Consumer's Utility Function |
|
|
16 | (2) |
|
2.5 Utility Functions and the Marginal Rate of Substitution |
|
|
18 | (3) |
|
|
21 | (4) |
|
|
22 | (2) |
|
Appendix. Differentiation of Functions |
|
|
24 | (1) |
|
3 The Budget Constraint and the Consumer's Optimal Choice |
|
|
25 | (18) |
|
|
25 | (1) |
|
3.2 The Standard Budget Constraint, the Budget Set, and the Budget Line |
|
|
25 | (2) |
|
3.3 Shifts of the Budget Line |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
3.4 Odd Budget Constraints |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
3.5 Income and Consumption over Time |
|
|
29 | (3) |
|
3.6 The Consumer's Optimal Choice: Graphical Analysis |
|
|
32 | (3) |
|
3.7 The Consumer's Optimal Choice: Utility Maximization Subject to the Budget Constraint |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (7) |
|
|
38 | (2) |
|
Appendix. Maximization Subject to a Constraint: The Lagrange Function Method |
|
|
40 | (3) |
|
|
43 | (21) |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
4.2 Demand as a Function of Income |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
4.3 Demand as a Function of Price |
|
|
46 | (3) |
|
4.4 Demand as a Function of Price of the Other Good |
|
|
49 | (3) |
|
4.5 Substitution and Income Effects |
|
|
52 | (4) |
|
4.6 The Compensated Demand Curve |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (2) |
|
4.8 The Market Demand Curve |
|
|
59 | (2) |
|
|
61 | (3) |
|
|
62 | (2) |
|
5 Supply Functions for Labor and Savings |
|
|
64 | (22) |
|
5.1 Introduction to the Supply of Labor |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
5.2 Choice between Consumption and Leisure |
|
|
64 | (3) |
|
5.3 Substitution and Income Effects in Labor Supply |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
5.4 Other Types of Budget Constraints |
|
|
69 | (5) |
|
5.5 Taxing the Consumer's Wages |
|
|
74 | (2) |
|
5.6 Saving and Borrowing: The Intertemporal Choice of Consumption |
|
|
76 | (4) |
|
5.7 The Supply of Savings |
|
|
80 | (3) |
|
|
83 | (3) |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
6 Welfare Economics 1: The One-Person Case |
|
|
86 | (17) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
6.2 Welfare Comparison of a Per-Unit Tax and an Equivalent Lump-Sum Tax |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
6.3 Rebating a Per-Unit Tax |
|
|
89 | (2) |
|
6.4 Measuring a Change in Welfare for One Person |
|
|
91 | (4) |
|
6.5 Measuring Welfare for Many People; A Preliminary Example |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (7) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Appendix. Revealed Preference |
|
|
99 | (4) |
|
7 Welfare Economics 2: The Many-Person Case |
|
|
103 | (18) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
7.2 Quasilinear Preferences |
|
|
104 | (2) |
|
|
106 | (3) |
|
7.4 A Consumer's Surplus Example with Quasilinear Preferences |
|
|
109 | (3) |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
7.6 A Last Word on the Quasilinearity Assumption |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
115 | (6) |
|
|
116 | (5) |
|
Part II Theory of the Producer |
|
|
|
8 Theory of the Firm 1: The Single-Input Model |
|
|
121 | (20) |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
8.2 The Competitive Firm's Problem, Focusing on Its Output |
|
|
122 | (10) |
|
8.3 The Competitive Firm's Problem, Focusing on Its Input |
|
|
132 | (4) |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
|
138 | (3) |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
9 Theory of the Firm 2: The Long-Run, Multiple-Input Model |
|
|
141 | (22) |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
9.2 The Production Function in the Long Run |
|
|
143 | (7) |
|
9.3 Cost Minimization in the Long Run |
|
|
150 | (5) |
|
9.4 Profit Maximization in the Long Run |
|
|
155 | (4) |
|
|
159 | (4) |
|
|
161 | (2) |
|
10 Theory of the Firm 3: The Short-Run, Multiple-Input Model |
|
|
163 | (14) |
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
10.2 The Production Function in the Short Run |
|
|
164 | (1) |
|
10.3 Cost Minimization in the Short Run |
|
|
165 | (4) |
|
10.4 Profit Maximization in the Short Run |
|
|
169 | (2) |
|
|
171 | (6) |
|
|
173 | (4) |
|
Part III Partial Equilibrium Analysis: Market Structure |
|
|
|
11 Perfectly Competitive Markets |
|
|
177 | (22) |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
177 | (2) |
|
11.3 Market/Industry Supply |
|
|
179 | (4) |
|
11.4 Equilibrium in a Competitive Market |
|
|
183 | (2) |
|
11.5 Competitive Equilibrium and Social Surplus Maximization |
|
|
185 | (5) |
|
11.6 The Deadweight Loss of a Per-Unit Tax |
|
|
190 | (4) |
|
|
194 | (5) |
|
|
197 | (2) |
|
12 Monopoly and Monopolistic Competition |
|
|
199 | (22) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
12.2 The Classical Solution to Monopoly |
|
|
200 | (4) |
|
12.3 Deadweight Loss from Monopoly: Comparing Monopoly and Competition |
|
|
204 | (2) |
|
12.4 Price Discrimination |
|
|
206 | (6) |
|
12.5 Monopolistic Competition |
|
|
212 | (4) |
|
|
216 | (5) |
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
|
221 | (21) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (5) |
|
|
227 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (4) |
|
13.5 Stackelberg Competition |
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
13.6 Bertrand Competition |
|
|
233 | (5) |
|
|
238 | (4) |
|
|
240 | (2) |
|
|
242 | (21) |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
14.2 The Prisoners' Dilemma, and the Idea of Dominant Strategy Equilibrium |
|
|
243 | (3) |
|
14.3 Prisoners' Dilemma Complications: Experimental Evidence and Repeated Games |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
14.4 The Battle of the Sexes, and the Idea of Nash Equilibrium |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
14.5 Battle of the Sexes Complications: Multiple or No Nash Equilibria, and Mixed Strategies |
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
14.6 The Expanded Battle of the Sexes, When More Choices Make Players Worse Off |
|
|
251 | (2) |
|
14.7 Sequential Move Games |
|
|
253 | (4) |
|
|
257 | (1) |
|
|
258 | (5) |
|
|
259 | (4) |
|
Part IV General Equilibrium Analysis |
|
|
|
|
263 | (21) |
|
|
263 | (1) |
|
15.2 An Economy with Two Consumers and Two Goods |
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
|
265 | (7) |
|
15.4 Competitive or Walrasian Equilibrium |
|
|
272 | (3) |
|
15.5 The Two Fundamental Theorems of Welfare Economics |
|
|
275 | (5) |
|
|
280 | (4) |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
|
284 | (21) |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
16.2 A Robinson Crusoe Production Economy |
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
286 | (3) |
|
16.4 Walrasian or Competitive Equilibrium |
|
|
289 | (4) |
|
16.5 When There Are Two Goods, Bread and Rum |
|
|
293 | (4) |
|
16.6 The Two Welfare Theorems Revisited |
|
|
297 | (3) |
|
|
300 | (5) |
|
|
301 | (4) |
|
|
|
|
305 | (20) |
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
17.2 Examples of Externalities |
|
|
306 | (2) |
|
17.3 The Oil Refiner and the Fish Farm |
|
|
308 | (4) |
|
17.4 Classical Solutions to the Externality Problem: Pigou and Coase |
|
|
312 | (4) |
|
17.5 Modern Solutions for the Externality Problem: Markets for Pollution Rights |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
17.6 Modern Solutions for the Externality Problem: Cap and Trade |
|
|
317 | (3) |
|
|
320 | (5) |
|
|
322 | (3) |
|
|
325 | (21) |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
18.2 Examples of Public Goods |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
18.3 A Simple Model of an Economy with a Public Good |
|
|
327 | (5) |
|
18.4 The Samuelson Optimality Condition |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
18.5 The Free Rider Problem and Voluntary Contribution Mechanisms |
|
|
333 | (2) |
|
18.6 How to Get Efficiency in Economies with Public Goods |
|
|
335 | (7) |
|
|
342 | (4) |
|
|
343 | (3) |
|
19 Uncertainty and Expected Utility |
|
|
346 | (13) |
|
19.1 Introduction and Examples |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
19.2 Von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility: Preliminaries |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
19.3 Von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility: Assumptions and Conclusion |
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
19.4 Von Neumann-Morgenstern Expected Utility: Examples |
|
|
352 | (4) |
|
|
356 | (3) |
|
|
357 | (2) |
|
20 Uncertainty and Asymmetric Information |
|
|
359 | (18) |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
20.2 When Sellers Know More Than Buyers: The Market for "Lemons" |
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
20.3 When Buyers Know More Than Sellers: A Market for Health Insurance |
|
|
361 | (2) |
|
20.4 When Insurance Encourages Risk Taking: Moral Hazard |
|
|
363 | (3) |
|
20.5 The Principal-Agent Problem |
|
|
366 | (5) |
|
20.6 What Should Be Done about Market Failures Caused by Asymmetric Information |
|
|
371 | (2) |
|
|
373 | (4) |
|
|
374 | (3) |
Index |
|
377 | |