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Silicon and Nano-silicon in Environmental Stress Management and Crop Quality Improvement: Progress and Prospects [Mīkstie vāki]

Edited by (College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran), Edited by , Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Professor, Soil and Water Department), Edited by (Associate Professor, College of Agricultural and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 396 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 1090 g, 60 illustrations (30 in full color); Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Apr-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0323912257
  • ISBN-13: 9780323912259
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Silicon and Nano-silicon in Environmental Stress Management and Crop Quality Improvement: Progress and ProspectsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 396 pages, height x width: 276x216 mm, weight: 1090 g, 60 illustrations (30 in full color); Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Apr-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0323912257
  • ISBN-13: 9780323912259
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780323912259.html
Keywords:

Silicon and Nano-silicon in Environmental Stress Management and Crop Quality Improvement: Progress and Prospects provides a comprehensive overview of the latest understanding of the physiological, biochemical and molecular basis of silicon- and nano-silicon-mediated environmental stress tolerance and crop quality improvements in plants. The book not only covers silicon-induced biotic and abiotic stress tolerance in crops but is also the first to include nano-silicon-mediated approaches to environmental stress tolerance in crops. As nanotechnology has emerged as a prominent tool for enhancing agricultural productivity, and with the production and applications of nanoparticles (NPs) greatly increasing in many industries, this book is a welcomed resource.

  • Enables the development of strategies to enhance crop productivity and better utilize natural resources to ensure future food security
  • Focuses on silicon- and nano-silicon-mediated environmental stress tolerance
  • Addresses the challenges of both biotic and abiotic stresses
List of contributors
xi
About the editors xv
Preface xvii
1 Sources of silicon and nano-silicon in soils and plants
1(16)
Hassan El-Ramady
Krishan K. Verma
Vishnu D. Rajput
Tatiana Minkina
Fathy Elbehery
Heba Elbasiony
Tamer Elsakhawy
Alaa El-Dein Omara
Megahed Amer
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Sources of silicon and nano-silicon in soils
2(3)
1.2.1 Silicon in soils and its forms
2(2)
1.2.2 Silicon cycle in soil and its bioavailability
4(1)
1.3 Nano-silicon role in soils
5(1)
1.4 Silicon and nano-silicon in plants
6(4)
1.4.1 Silicon role and its mechanism in plants
6(2)
1.4.2 Nano-silicon and its role in plants
8(2)
1.5 Conclusion
10(7)
Acknowledgment
10(1)
References
10(7)
2 Silicon and nano-silicon: New frontiers of biostimulants for plant growth and stress amelioration
17(20)
Mahima Misti Sarkar
Piyush Mathur
Swarnendu Roy
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Prospect of silicon and nano-silicon as biostimulants
18(1)
2.3 Silicon: an underestimated element for plant growth
19(5)
2.3.1 Silicon in plant growth and development
20(1)
2.3.2 Role of silicon in stress alleviation
21(3)
2.4 Emerging role of nano-silicon
24(4)
2.4.1 Nano-silicon in plant growth and development
24(1)
2.4.2 Role of nano-silicon in stress alleviation
25(3)
2.5 Crosstalk with phytohormones for the elicitation of enhanced tolerance
28(2)
2.6 Molecular mechanism of the alleviation of stress by silicon and nano-silicon
30(1)
2.7 Conclusions, current status, and future perspectives
31(6)
Conflict of interest
31(1)
Acknowledgments
31(1)
References
31(6)
3 Silicon uptake, acquisition, and accumulation in plants
37(6)
Seyed Abdollah Hosseini
3.1 Introduction
37(1)
3.1.1 Si in soil and plant
37(1)
3.2 Silicon uptake, acquisition, and accumulation in higher plants
37(3)
3.2.1 Si uptake by root system
38(1)
3.2.2 Si transport in vascular tissue
39(1)
3.3 Si accumulation and deposition in different parts of plant
40(1)
3.4 Conclusion and future perspective
40(3)
References
40(3)
4 Biological function of silicon in a grassland ecosystem
43(12)
Danghui Xu
Mohammad Anwar Hossain
Robert Henry
4.1 Introduction
43(1)
4.2 Silicon distribution in meadow plants
44(1)
4.3 Silicon in relation to plant community structure in alpine meadow
45(2)
4.4 Silicon in relation to plant carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus concentration
47(1)
4.5 Silicon in relation to plant physiological aspects in presence of N-fertilization
48(2)
4.6 Conclusions and perspective
50(5)
Acknowledgements
51(1)
References
51(4)
5 Use of silicon and nano-silicon in agro-biotechnologies
55(12)
Amanda Carolina Prado De Moraes
Paulo Teixeira Lacava
5.1 Introduction
55(1)
5.2 Silicon for plant health
55(1)
5.3 Nano-silicon
56(5)
5.3.1 Nano-silicon as nanoregulators, nanopesticides, and nanofertilizers
57(2)
5.3.2 Nano-silicon as delivery systems
59(1)
5.3.3 Nano-silicon associated with plant growth-promoting bacteria
60(1)
5.4 Conclusions and perspectives
61(6)
Acknowledgments
61(1)
References
61(6)
6 The genetics of silicon accumulation in plants
67(10)
Libia Iris Trejo-Tellez
Libia Fernanda Gomez-Trejo
Hugo Fernando Escobar-Sepulveda
Fernando Carlos Gomez-Merino
6.1 Introduction
67(1)
6.2 Genetic and molecular basis of Si uptake and movement of Si within plant cells
68(2)
6.3 Distribution of Lsi channels and Silp1 proteins in plants
70(1)
6.4 Conclusion
71(6)
References
72(5)
7 Silicon-mediated modulations of genes and secondary metabolites in plants
77(14)
Saad Farouk
7.1 Introduction
77(1)
7.2 Overview and assortment of plant secondary metabolites
78(1)
7.3 Stress and protection reactions in relation to the secondary metabolites production
79(1)
7.4 Silicon modulation of secondary metabolism within stress condition
80(2)
7.5 Silicon-mediated expression of transcription factors and some associated secondary metabolite responsive genes
82(2)
7.6 Conclusion and perspective
84(7)
References
85(6)
8 Silicon improves salinity tolerance in crop plants: Insights into photosynthesis, defense system, and production of phytohormones
91(14)
Freeha Sabir
Sana Noreen
Zaffar Malik
Muhammad Kamran
Muhammad Riaz
Muhammad Dawood
Aasma Parveen
Sobia Afzal
Iftikhar Ahmad
Muhammad Ali
8.1 Introduction
91(1)
8.2 Salinity-induced injuries in plants
92(1)
8.2.1 Osmotic injury in plants
92(1)
8.2.2 Specific ion toxicity
92(1)
8.3 Regulatory role of Si to mitigate salt stress
93(6)
8.3.1 Silicon-induced salt tolerance and photosynthesis restoration
94(3)
8.3.2 Si and enhancement of phytohormones
97(1)
8.3.3 Role of Si in strengthening antioxidant defense system of plants
98(1)
8.4 Conclusion and future prospects
99(6)
References
99(6)
9 Nanosilicon-mediated salt stress tolerance in plants
105(16)
Muhammad Jafir
Muhammad Ashar Ayub
Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
9.1 Introduction
105(1)
9.2 Effect of salt stress on plants
105(3)
9.3 Silicon: a beneficial nutrient in saline agriculture
108(1)
9.4 Nanosilica: types, sources, synthesis, and uptake mechanism
109(2)
9.4.1 Types of nanosilica
109(1)
9.4.2 Nanosilica, sources, and synthesis
110(1)
9.4.3 Absorption pathways of nanosilica
110(1)
9.5 Chemistry of nano-Si in salt-contaminated soil
111(1)
9.5.1 The fate of SiNPs in soil
111(1)
9.5.2 Transportation assimilation and intertissue dynamics of nano-Si in plants
112(1)
9.6 Nano-Si-mediated tolerance in plants under salinity stress
112(2)
9.6.1 Physiological modulation
112(1)
9.6.2 Biochemical effects
112(2)
9.6.3 Gene expression
114(1)
9.7 Conclusion
114(1)
9.8 Future direction
115(6)
References
115(6)
10 Silicon- and nanosilicon-mediated drought and waterlogging stress tolerance in plants
121(32)
Abdullah Alsaeedi
Mohamed M. Elgarawani
Tarek Alshaal
Nevien Elhawat
10.1 Introduction
121(1)
10.2 Drought and waterlogging stress definition and forms
122(1)
10.3 Ecological grouping of plant according to drought and waterlogging stress tolerance
122(1)
10.4 Response of plant physiology, biochemistry, and molecular biology of drought and waterlogging stress tolerance in plants
122(3)
10.4.1 Physiological response to drought stress
123(1)
10.4.2 Molecular response to drought stress
123(1)
10.4.3 Waterlogging
123(1)
10.4.4 Physiological response to waterlogging
124(1)
10.4.5 Biochemical changes under waterlogging
124(1)
10.4.6 Molecular response to waterlogging
124(1)
10.5 Effect of drought and waterlogging stress on plant and yield components
125(2)
10.5.1 Morphological and anatomical changes
125(1)
10.5.2 Morphological and anatomical changes to waterlogging stress
126(1)
10.5.3 Effect of drought on nutritional status
127(1)
10.5.4 Effect of waterlogging on nutritional status
127(1)
10.6 Mechanisms of drought and waterlogging stress in plants
127(3)
10.6.1 Signaling and stomatal behavior
128(1)
10.6.2 Mechanisms of drought resistance
129(1)
10.6.3 Mechanisms of resistance to waterlogging
130(1)
10.7 Role of silicon and nanosilicon in alleviating the deleterious effect of drought and waterlogging stress
130(2)
10.8 Mechanisms of silicon- and nanosilicon-mediated drought and waterlogging stress tolerance in plants
132(7)
10.9 Conclusion and future perspectives
139(14)
Acknowledgment
139(1)
References
139(14)
11 Silicon and nanosilicon mediated heat stress tolerance in plants
153(8)
Abida Parveen
Sahar Mumtaz
Muhammad Hamzah Saleem
Iqbal Hussain
Shagufta Perveen
Sumaira Thind
11.1 Silicon and plants
153(1)
11.2 Silicon dynamics and distribution in plants
153(1)
11.3 Nanosilicon and plants
153(1)
11.4 Use of nanosilicon to promote plant growth and heat stress tolerance
154(1)
11.5 Role of silicon and nanosilicon particles in improving heat stress endurance
154(1)
11.6 Regulation of antioxidant activities by silicon in crop plants under heat stress
155(1)
11.7 Mechanisms of silicon-mediated amelioration of heat stress in plants
155(2)
11.8 Silicon and nanosilicon against several plant diseases
157(4)
Reference
157(4)
12 Silicon-mediated cold stress tolerance in plants
161(20)
Roghieh Hajiboland
12.1 Introduction
161(3)
12.1.1 Chilling injury in plants
161(1)
12.1.2 Freezing injury in plants
161(1)
12.1.3 Cold acclimation
162(1)
12.1.4 Cold sensing and signaling
162(2)
12.2 Mitigation of low-temperature stress by Si
164(10)
12.2.1 Water relations and photosynthesis under cold stress affected by Si
165(1)
12.2.2 Cold stress and ROS metabolism affected by Si
165(1)
12.2.3 Accumulation of the low-molecular weight compounds under cold stress affected by Si
166(2)
12.2.4 Hormone signaling under cold stress affected by Si
168(1)
12.2.5 Mineral nutrition of plants under cold stress affected by Si
169(1)
12.2.6 Phenolics metabolism under cold stress affected by Si
169(1)
12.2.7 Modifications in cell wall properties under cold stress affected by Si
170(1)
12.2.8 Lignification under cold stress affected by Si
171(1)
12.2.9 Contribution of apoplast to the cold tolerance affected by Si
172(2)
12.3 Concluding remarks
174(7)
Acknowledgment
174(1)
References
174(7)
13 Silicon and nano-silicon mediated heavy metal stress tolerance in plants
181(12)
Seyed Majid Mousavi
13.1 Introduction
181(1)
13.2 Heavy metals: Functions, effects, and classification based on necessity
181(2)
13.3 Silicon/nano-silicon plays a vital role in the alleviation of heavy metals toxicity in plants
183(5)
13.3.1 Silicon/nano-silicon mechanisms to ameliorate potentially toxic metals stress in plants
183(5)
13.4 Conclusion
188(5)
References
188(5)
14 Silicon- and nanosilicon-mediated disease resistance in crop plants
193(14)
Kaisar Ahmad Bhat
Aneesa Batool
Madeeha Mansoor
Madhiya Manzcor
Zaffar Bashir
Momina Nazir
Sajad Majeed Zargar
14.1 Introduction
193(1)
14.2 Role of Si and nano-Si in mitigating plant stresses
194(2)
14.2.1 Role of Si in alleviating biotic stress
194(2)
14.2.2 Role of nano-Si in alleviating biotic stress
196(1)
14.3 Disease resistance modulation by Si
196(4)
14.3.1 Physical mechanisms
196(1)
14.3.2 Si-mediated biochemical resistance mechanism
197(2)
14.3.3 Gene alteration (molecular mechanisms)
199(1)
14.3.4 Nanosilicon mediated mechanisms for disease resistance
200(1)
14.4 Conclusion and future perspective
200(7)
References
201(6)
15 Silicon and nanosilicon mitigate nutrient deficiency under stress for sustainable crop improvement
207(12)
Krishan K. Verma
Xiu-Peng Song
Zhong-Liang Chen
Dan-Dan Tian
Vishnu D. Rajput
Munna Singh
Tatiana Minkina
Yang-Rui Li
15.1 Introduction
207(1)
15.2 Silicon and nanosilicon application in soil and plants
208(1)
15.3 Silicon/nano-Si and micronutrients
208(3)
15.3.1 Iron (Fe)
208(1)
15.3.2 Zinc (Zn)
209(1)
15.3.3 Manganese (Mn)
210(1)
15.3.4 Copper (Cu)
211(1)
15.4 Si/nSi-mediated alleviation of heavy metal stress in plants
211(2)
15.5 Conclusion and future prospective
213(6)
Acknowledgments
213(1)
Conflict of Interest
214(1)
References
214(5)
16 Silicon as a natural plant guard against insect pests
219(10)
C.M. Kalleshwaraswamy
M. Kannan
N.B. Prakash
16.1 Introduction
219(1)
16.2 Effect of Si on host plant selection for oviposition and feeding
220(1)
16.3 Si physical defense against herbivores
220(1)
16.4 Effect of Si on palatability and digestibility
221(1)
16.5 Effect of Si on biology, feeding behavior, and performance of insects
222(1)
16.6 Effect of Si on natural enemies and tritrophic interaction
222(1)
16.7 Commercial sources of Si and their induced resistance against herbivory
223(1)
16.8 Combined effect of Si with other amendments and plant growth regulators
224(1)
16.9 Conclusions and future prospects
224(5)
References
224(5)
17 Recent developments in silica-nanoparticles mediated insect pest management in agricultural crops
229(12)
Mallikarjuna Jeer
17.1 Introduction
229(1)
17.2 Synthesis of SiNPs
229(3)
17.2.1 Chemical synthesis
230(1)
17.2.2 Biological synthesis
231(1)
17.3 Uptake and deposition of SiNPs
232(1)
17.4 SiNPs versus conventional insecticides in insect pest management
232(2)
17.4.1 SiNPs and biocontrol agents
234(1)
17.5 SiNPs in tri-trophic interactions
234(1)
17.6 SiNPs and genetic engineering
235(1)
17.7 Toxicity of SiNPs to crop plants
235(1)
17.8 SiNPs: Advantages and disadvantages
236(1)
17.9 Conclusions and future line of work
236(5)
References
237(4)
18 The combined use of silicon/nanosilicon and arbuscular mycorrhiza for effective management of stressed agriculture: Action mechanisms and future prospects
241(24)
Hassan Etesami
Ehsan Shokri
Byoung Ryong Jeong
18.1 Introduction
241(1)
18.2 Silicon-mediated plant stress alleviation
242(2)
18.3 Nanosilica-mediated plant stress alleviation
244(2)
18.4 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated plant stress alleviation
246(3)
18.5 Plant stress alleviation mediated by the combined use of silicon and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
249(3)
18.6 Conclusions and future perspectives
252(13)
Acknowledgments
253(1)
References
253(12)
19 Biodissolution of silica by rhizospheric silicate-solubilizing bacteria
265(12)
Hassan Etesami
Byoung Ryong Jeong
19.1 Introduction
265(2)
19.2 Plant growth-promoting rhizosphere bacteria
267(1)
19.3 Silicate-solubilizing bacteria
267(4)
19.3.1 Isolating and screening of silicate-solubilizing bacteria
268(1)
19.3.2 Silicate-solubilizing bacteria action mechanisms for the silicon availability for plants
269(2)
19.4 Plant growth-promoting effects of silicate-solubilizing bacteria
271(1)
19.5 Conclusion and future perspectives
272(5)
Acknowledgments
272(1)
References
272(5)
20 Silicon and nano-silicon in plant nutrition and crop quality
277(20)
Saima Riaz
Iqbal Hussain
Abida Parveen
Muhammad Arslan Arshraf
Rizwan Rasheed
Saman Zulfiqar
Sumaira Thind
Samiya Rehman
20.1 Introduction
277(2)
20.2 Silicon as micronutrient
279(1)
20.3 Direct impact of Si and Si-NPs on plants
280(3)
20.4 Si-NPs as a delivering agent for fertilizers
283(2)
20.5 Effects of Si and Si-NPs on plant nutrient uptake
285(2)
20.6 Effects of Si and Si-NPs fertilizer on protein and amino acids contents
287(1)
20.7 The role of Si and Si-NPs in crop quality
288(1)
20.8 Conclusions and future perspectives
288(9)
References
288(9)
21 Effect of silicon and nanosilicon application on rice yield and quality
297(12)
Norollah Kheyri
21.1 Introduction
297(1)
21.2 Impacts of Si and nano-Si on rice yield and quality
298(6)
21.2.1 Impacts of Si and nano-Si on increasing growth, agronomic parameters, and grain yield of rice
298(4)
21.2.2 Impacts of Si and nano-Si on improving nutrient uptake of rice
302(1)
21.2.3 Impacts of Si and nano-Si on ameliorating yield and quality of rice under biotic and abiotic stresses
303(1)
21.3 Conclusion and future perspective
304(5)
References
305(4)
22 Biological impacts on silicon availability and cycling in agricultural plant-soil systems
309(16)
Daniel Puppe
Danuta Kaczorek
Jorg Schaller
22.1 Introduction
309(1)
22.2 Plants and phytogenic silica
310(5)
22.2.1 Phytogenic silica in plants---formation and function
310(2)
22.2.2 Phytogenic silica in soils---distribution and pool quantities
312(3)
22.3 Further organisms and corresponding BSi pools
315(2)
22.3.1 Unicellular organisms in soils---the role of protists in terrestrial Si cycling
315(2)
22.3.2 Sponges, fungi, and bacteria---the underexplored players in terrestrial Si cycling
317(1)
22.4 Implications for ecosystem functioning and services of agricultural plant-soil systems
317(3)
22.4.1 Anthropogenic desilication---how humans influence Si cycling
318(1)
22.4.2 Anthropogenic desilication---strategies for prevention
319(1)
22.5 Concluding remarks
320(1)
22.6 Future directions
320(5)
Acknowledgments
321(1)
References
321(4)
23 Nanosilica-mediated plant growth and environmental stress tolerance in plants: mechanisms of action
325(14)
Jonas Pereira De Souza Junior
Renato De Mello Prado
Cid Naudi Silva Campos
Gelza Carliane Marques Teixeira
Patricia Messias Ferreira
23.1 Introduction
325(1)
23.2 Nanosilica stability in solution and efficiency in providing Si to crops
326(2)
23.3 Effects of nanosilica on plants grown under environmental stress
328(5)
23.3.1 Morphological changes
328(2)
23.3.2 Biochemical changes
330(1)
23.3.3 Physiological changes
331(2)
23.4 Limitations and future perspective
333(6)
References
334(3)
Further reading
337(2)
24 Manipulation of silicon metabolism in plants for stress tolerance
339(10)
Zahoor Ahmad
Asim Abbasi
Syeda Refat Sultana
Ejaz Ahmad Waraich
Arkadiusz Artyszak
Adeel Ahmad
Muhammad Ammir Iqbal
Celaleddin Barutcular
24.1 Background
339(1)
24.2 Impact of stresses on plant growth
339(1)
24.3 Metabolic changes under stress
340(1)
24.4 Agronomic approaches for abiotic stress management
340(1)
24.4.1 Planting time
341(1)
24.4.2 Irrigation management
341(1)
24.5 Nutrition role in stress tolerance
341(2)
24.5.1 Nitrogen
342(1)
24.5.2 Potassium, magnesium, and zinc
342(1)
24.5.3 Calcium
342(1)
24.5.4 Salinity
342(1)
24.5.5 Drought
343(1)
24.6 Impact of silicon nutrition under stresses
343(1)
24.7 Role of silicon in plant metabolism
343(1)
24.8 Conclusions and remarks
344(5)
References
344(5)
25 Directions for future research to use silicon and silicon nanoparticles to increase crops tolerance to stresses and improve their quality
349(20)
Hassan Etesami
Fatemeh Noori
Byoung Ryong Jeong
25.1 Introduction
349(3)
25.2 Future directions of silicon/nanosilicon application in agriculture
352(9)
25.2.1 Silicon and biotic stress
353(1)
25.2.2 Silicon and salinity and drought stress
353(2)
25.2.3 Silicon and UV-B irradiation stress
355(1)
25.2.4 Silicon and its biochemical, physiological, and molecular aspects
355(3)
25.2.5 Silicon and its foliar application
358(1)
25.2.6 Silicon and vegetables
359(1)
25.2.7 Silicon and its uptake, transportation, distribution, and accumulation in plant
359(1)
25.2.8 Silicon nanoparticles
360(1)
25.2.9 Interaction between silicon and plant growth-promoting microorganisms
360(1)
25.3 Concluding remarks
361(8)
Acknowledgments
361(1)
References
361(8)
Index 369
Dr. Hassan Etesami is a research scientist with 15 years of experience in the field of soil biology and biotechnology. He obtained his doctors degree from the Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Iran, where he is currently a member of the faculty. Dr Etesami has a special interest in developing biofertilizers and biocontrol agents that meet farmers demands. He has coauthored over 80 publications (research papers, review papers, and book chapters) in various areas including biofertilizers and biocontrol. He is also reviewer for the Journal of 98 journals. Dr. Etesamis research areas include stressed-agricultural management by silicon, microbial ecology, bio-fertilizers, soil pollution, integrated management of abiotic (salinity, drought, heavy metals, and nutritional imbalance) and biotic (fungal pathogens) stresses, plant-microbe-interactions, environmental microbiology, and bioremediation. Dr. Abdullah H Al-Saeedi, Ph.D, Liverpool Polytechnic in soil physics and water management is now on the faculty of Agriculture and Food Science at King Faisal University. He has received many research grants from local authorities related to agriculture management and water management. He has worked in halophyte agriculture, salinity, and in the last 4 years has focused on nano silica applications in agriculture. He has published 4 master theses. Dr. Hassan El-Ramady holds a Ph.D. from Technical Uni. of Braunschweig, Faculty of Life Sciences, Germany in 2008. He teaches graduate and post graduate levels all courses related to soil fertility and plant nutrition, fertilizers and fertilization, soil and water management, and plant under stress. He also has missions and grants for Germany, Hungary, as well as scientific visits to Italy (Bari Uni.), Austria, Brazil (Sao Paolo), and the USA (Colorado State Uni.). A professor with more than twenty-eight years of academic experience in the teaching, scientific writing and research fields he also has edited the The Soils of Egypt”, 26 chapters published by Springer and many cited articles. He is a member of several international societies including American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America, German Soil Science Society and German Society for Plant Nutrition. Dr. Masayuki Fujita is a Professor in the Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kagawa, Japan. He received his B.Sc. in Chemistry from Shizuoka University, Shizuoka, and his M.Agr. and Ph.D. in Plant Biochemistry from Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan. His research interests include physiological, biochemical and molecular biological responses based on secondary metabolism in plants under biotic (pathogenic fungal infection) and abiotic (salinity, drought, extreme temperatures and heavy metals) stresses; phytoalexin, cytochrome P-450, glutathione S-transferase, phytochelatin and redox reaction and antioxidants. He has over 150 peer-reviewed publications and has multiple books. Dr. Mohammad Pessarakli is a Research Professor / Teaching Faculty, School of Plant Sciences at the University of Arizona doing research and extension services as well as teaching the Plants and Our World online course and courses in Turfgrass Science, Management, and Stress Physiology. He has published extensively in scientific and trade journals, and has edited several books as well as having written more than 20 book chapters. He is Editor-in-Chief of Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research Journal, is on multiple journal editorial boards, and is a member of the Book Review Committee of Crop Science Society of America. He is an active member of the ASA/CSA/SSSA among others. He is a Certified Professional Agronomist and Certified Professional Soil Scientist (CPAg/SS), designated by the American Registry of the Certified Professionals in Agronomy, Crop Science, and Soil Science and is a United Nations Consultant in Agriculture for underdeveloped countries. Dr. Mohammad Anwar Hossain is a Professor in the Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Bangladesh. He received his BSc in Agriculture and MS in Genetics and Plant Breeding from BAU, Bangladesh. He also received an M.S. in Agriculture from Kagawa University, Japan in 2008 and a PhD in Abiotic Stress Physiology and Molecular Biology from Ehime University, Japan in 2011 through Monbukagakusho scholarship. As a JSPS postdoctoral researcher he has worked on isolating low phosphorus stress tolerant genes from rice at the university of Tokyo, Japan during the period of 2015-2017. His current research program focuses on understanding physiological, biochemical and molecular mechanisms underlying abiotic stresses in plants and the generation of stress tolerant and nutrient efficient plants through breeding and biotechnology. He has over 60 peer-reviewed publications and has edited multiple books.