Preface |
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v | |
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xi | |
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xxiii | |
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Chapter 1 Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Regional Climate Modeling over East Asia in Summer |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Effect of TC activity on regional circulation simulation |
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2 | (3) |
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1.3 Impact of tropical cyclone on the East Asian summer climate |
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5 | (12) |
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Chapter 2 Lateral Boundary Buffer Zone and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Track |
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17 | (24) |
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17 | (2) |
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2.2 Importance of lateral boundary buffer zone size on regional climate modeling |
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19 | (12) |
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19 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Experimental design |
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19 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Experimental results |
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21 | (9) |
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2.2.4 Influences of the large-scale driving field |
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30 | (1) |
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2.3 Effect of lateral boundary scheme on the TC track simulation |
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31 | (10) |
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2.3.1 Experimental design |
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32 | (2) |
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2.3.2 Effects of nudging parameter |
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34 | (4) |
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38 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 Impact of Cumulus Parameterization Scheme on the Tropical Cyclone Track |
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41 | (28) |
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41 | (1) |
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3.2 Sensitivity of TC tracks to the choice of CPS |
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42 | (8) |
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3.2.1 Experimental design |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (7) |
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3.3 Effects of CPS on TC and WPSH simulations |
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50 | (7) |
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3.3.1 Experimental design |
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51 | (2) |
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53 | (4) |
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57 | (9) |
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3.4.1 Temperature profile |
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57 | (3) |
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3.4.2 Distribution of the diabatic heating and the hydrometeors |
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60 | (3) |
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3.4.3 Parameterized heating and drying rate |
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63 | (1) |
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3.4.4 Verification with Songda case |
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64 | (2) |
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66 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Feedback of Tropical Cyclone Activities on the Western Pacific Subtropical High |
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69 | (29) |
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69 | (1) |
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4.2 Model configuration and experimental design |
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70 | (2) |
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4.3 Simulation results with different MP schemes |
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72 | (8) |
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4.4 Relationship between the WPSH and TC track |
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80 | (15) |
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4.4.1 Temperature profile |
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80 | (5) |
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4.4.2 Distribution and source of the hydrometeors |
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85 | (6) |
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4.4.3 The role of phase change |
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91 | (3) |
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4.4.4 Possible mechanisms |
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94 | (1) |
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95 | (3) |
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Chapter 5 Mechanism of Tropical Cyclone Track Sensitive to Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme |
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98 | (15) |
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98 | (2) |
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100 | (1) |
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5.3 Simulation results with different PBL schemes |
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101 | (4) |
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101 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Geopotential height at 500 hPa |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (2) |
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5.4 Spatial pattern of water vapor distribution |
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105 | (6) |
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111 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Track to Storm Size |
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113 | (21) |
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113 | (1) |
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6.2 Model configuration and experimental design |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (2) |
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6.4 Possible reasons for the differences in TC tracks |
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119 | (12) |
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6.4.1 Potential vorticity tendency diagnosis |
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119 | (4) |
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6.4.2 Contribution of beta-effect propagation on the turning of TC |
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123 | (3) |
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6.4.3 Effect of large-scale environmental flow on the TC track |
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126 | (5) |
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131 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 Model Convergence in Simulations of Tropical Cyclone at Grey-Zone Resolutions |
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134 | (30) |
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134 | (2) |
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136 | (2) |
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7.3 Sensitivity of TC activity to horizontal resolution and CPS |
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138 | (5) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (3) |
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142 | (1) |
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7.4 Possible reasons for the weak model convergence |
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143 | (18) |
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7.4.1 Energy and mass exchange |
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143 | (6) |
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7.4.2 Differences in the storm structures |
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149 | (10) |
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7.4.3 Mechanisms for the model convergence on resolution |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (3) |
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Chapter 8 Mechanism of Cumulus Parameterization Scheme on Model Convergence |
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164 | (14) |
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164 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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8.3 Performance of the Grell and Freitas cumulus parameterization scheme |
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165 | (3) |
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8.4 Possible reasons for the model convergence with a new CPS |
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168 | (8) |
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8.4.1 Direct impact of the CPS from the subgrid scale effects |
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168 | (4) |
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8.4.2 Indirect impact of the CPS from the TC structure |
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172 | (4) |
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176 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 Effects of Inner and Outer Sea Surface Temperature on Tropical Cyclone Intensity |
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178 | (22) |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (3) |
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9.3 Sensitivity to SST anomalies over different radial extent |
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183 | (4) |
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183 | (2) |
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9.3.2 Storm inner-core size |
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185 | (2) |
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9.4 Possible reasons for the change of TC intensity |
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187 | (10) |
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9.4.1 Impact of SST through surface enthalpy flux |
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187 | (5) |
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9.4.2 Impact of SST in view of the thermodynamic structure |
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192 | (3) |
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9.4.3 Validation on the opposite effects of inner and outer SST |
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195 | (2) |
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197 | (3) |
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Chapter 10 Effects of Relative and Absolute SST on Tropical Cyclone Intensity |
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200 | (11) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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10.3 Effect of SST changes at different radial extents on TC intensity |
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202 | (2) |
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10.4 An explanation of relative and absolute SST on TC intensity |
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204 | (4) |
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10.4.1 Response of SEF related to SST |
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204 | (1) |
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10.4.2 Air-sea temperature and moisture differences |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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211 | (22) |
Index |
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233 | |