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E-grāmata: Simulations Of Tropical Cyclone In Regional Climate Models

(National Univ Of Defense Technology, China), (Univ Of Defense Technology(nudt), China)
  • Formāts: 264 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Feb-2018
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789813232082
  • Formāts - EPUB+DRM
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  • Formāts: 264 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Feb-2018
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789813232082

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This book studies the pitfalls of regional climate models in simulating track and intensity of tropical cyclone over western North Pacific for the East Asian summer monsoon climate.A number of sensitivity experiments related to tropical cyclone simulation with different model configurations and model physical schemes, including model resolution, model lateral boundary condition, effect of sea surface temperature, cumulus parameterization scheme and model microphysics scheme, as well as the features and the failure of tropical cyclone simulation in regional climate models were carefully analyzed with model output with high temporal resolution, to investigate shortcomings of the models, so as to come up with better models to simulate and study tropical cyclone track and intensity.The book is suitable for graduate students in meteorology with focuses in the tropical cyclone simulation, as well as professionals devoted to model development and study of tropical cyclone activities.
Preface v
List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xxiii
Chapter 1 Effects of Tropical Cyclones on Regional Climate Modeling over East Asia in Summer
1(16)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Effect of TC activity on regional circulation simulation
2(3)
1.3 Impact of tropical cyclone on the East Asian summer climate
5(12)
Chapter 2 Lateral Boundary Buffer Zone and Its Effect on Tropical Cyclone Track
17(24)
2.1 Introduction
17(2)
2.2 Importance of lateral boundary buffer zone size on regional climate modeling
19(12)
2.2.1 Case selection
19(1)
2.2.2 Experimental design
19(2)
2.2.3 Experimental results
21(9)
2.2.4 Influences of the large-scale driving field
30(1)
2.3 Effect of lateral boundary scheme on the TC track simulation
31(10)
2.3.1 Experimental design
32(2)
2.3.2 Effects of nudging parameter
34(4)
2.3.3 Discussions
38(3)
Chapter 3 Impact of Cumulus Parameterization Scheme on the Tropical Cyclone Track
41(28)
3.1 Introduction
41(1)
3.2 Sensitivity of TC tracks to the choice of CPS
42(8)
3.2.1 Experimental design
42(1)
3.2.2 Simulation results
43(7)
3.3 Effects of CPS on TC and WPSH simulations
50(7)
3.3.1 Experimental design
51(2)
3.3.2 Simulation results
53(4)
3.4 Physical mechanism
57(9)
3.4.1 Temperature profile
57(3)
3.4.2 Distribution of the diabatic heating and the hydrometeors
60(3)
3.4.3 Parameterized heating and drying rate
63(1)
3.4.4 Verification with Songda case
64(2)
3.5 Discussions
66(3)
Chapter 4 Feedback of Tropical Cyclone Activities on the Western Pacific Subtropical High
69(29)
4.1 Introduction
69(1)
4.2 Model configuration and experimental design
70(2)
4.3 Simulation results with different MP schemes
72(8)
4.4 Relationship between the WPSH and TC track
80(15)
4.4.1 Temperature profile
80(5)
4.4.2 Distribution and source of the hydrometeors
85(6)
4.4.3 The role of phase change
91(3)
4.4.4 Possible mechanisms
94(1)
4.5 Discussions
95(3)
Chapter 5 Mechanism of Tropical Cyclone Track Sensitive to Planetary Boundary Layer Scheme
98(15)
5.1 Introduction
98(2)
5.2 Experimental design
100(1)
5.3 Simulation results with different PBL schemes
101(4)
5.3.1 TC track
101(1)
5.3.2 Geopotential height at 500 hPa
101(2)
5.3.3 TC size
103(2)
5.4 Spatial pattern of water vapor distribution
105(6)
5.5 Conclusions
111(2)
Chapter 6 Sensitivity of Tropical Cyclone Track to Storm Size
113(21)
6.1 Introduction
113(1)
6.2 Model configuration and experimental design
114(2)
6.3 Simulation results
116(3)
6.3.1 Storm size
116(1)
6.3.2 Storm track
117(2)
6.4 Possible reasons for the differences in TC tracks
119(12)
6.4.1 Potential vorticity tendency diagnosis
119(4)
6.4.2 Contribution of beta-effect propagation on the turning of TC
123(3)
6.4.3 Effect of large-scale environmental flow on the TC track
126(5)
6.5 Discussions
131(3)
Chapter 7 Model Convergence in Simulations of Tropical Cyclone at Grey-Zone Resolutions
134(30)
7.1 Introduction
134(2)
7.2 Experimental design
136(2)
7.3 Sensitivity of TC activity to horizontal resolution and CPS
138(5)
7.3.1 Storm track
138(1)
7.3.2 Storm intensity
139(3)
7.3.3 Storm structure
142(1)
7.4 Possible reasons for the weak model convergence
143(18)
7.4.1 Energy and mass exchange
143(6)
7.4.2 Differences in the storm structures
149(10)
7.4.3 Mechanisms for the model convergence on resolution
159(2)
7.5 Discussions
161(3)
Chapter 8 Mechanism of Cumulus Parameterization Scheme on Model Convergence
164(14)
8.1 Introduction
164(1)
8.2 Experimental design
165(1)
8.3 Performance of the Grell and Freitas cumulus parameterization scheme
165(3)
8.4 Possible reasons for the model convergence with a new CPS
168(8)
8.4.1 Direct impact of the CPS from the subgrid scale effects
168(4)
8.4.2 Indirect impact of the CPS from the TC structure
172(4)
8.5 Concluding remarks
176(2)
Chapter 9 Effects of Inner and Outer Sea Surface Temperature on Tropical Cyclone Intensity
178(22)
9.1 Introduction
178(2)
9.2 Experiment designs
180(3)
9.3 Sensitivity to SST anomalies over different radial extent
183(4)
9.3.1 Storm intensity
183(2)
9.3.2 Storm inner-core size
185(2)
9.4 Possible reasons for the change of TC intensity
187(10)
9.4.1 Impact of SST through surface enthalpy flux
187(5)
9.4.2 Impact of SST in view of the thermodynamic structure
192(3)
9.4.3 Validation on the opposite effects of inner and outer SST
195(2)
9.5 Discussions
197(3)
Chapter 10 Effects of Relative and Absolute SST on Tropical Cyclone Intensity
200(11)
10.1 Introduction
200(1)
10.2 Experimental design
201(1)
10.3 Effect of SST changes at different radial extents on TC intensity
202(2)
10.4 An explanation of relative and absolute SST on TC intensity
204(4)
10.4.1 Response of SEF related to SST
204(1)
10.4.2 Air-sea temperature and moisture differences
205(3)
10.5 Concluding remarks
208(3)
Bibliography 211(22)
Index 233