| Preface |
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vii | |
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Part I Structure and Development |
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1 | (84) |
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Muscle Architecture and Muscle Fiber Anatomy |
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3 | (19) |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (2) |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (3) |
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22 | (10) |
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General Features of Motoneurons |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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Cytoskeletal Proteins in the Motoneuron |
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25 | (2) |
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Axon, Dendrites, and Glia |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (2) |
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The Neuromuscular Junction |
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32 | (10) |
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General Features of the Neuromuscular Junction |
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32 | (2) |
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Muscle Fiber Acetylcholine Receptors |
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34 | (2) |
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The Basement Membrane at the Neuromuscular Junction |
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36 | (2) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (10) |
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42 | (6) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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Role of Muscle Receptors During Locomotor Activity |
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50 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (19) |
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Step 1: Mesoderm Is Induced From Ectoderm |
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53 | (1) |
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Step 2: A Portion of Mesoderm Forms Somites, Then Develops Into Skeletal Muscle |
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54 | (3) |
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Step 3: The Myogenic (Muscle-Forming) Cells Proliferate and Then Differentiate |
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57 | (3) |
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Step 4: The Body Plan Is Laid Down |
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60 | (2) |
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Step 5: Muscles Are Assembled |
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62 | (2) |
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Postnatal Development of Muscle |
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64 | (4) |
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68 | (3) |
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Development of Muscle Innervation |
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71 | (14) |
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Step 1: Inductive Signals Pass From Mesoderm to Ectoderm |
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71 | (1) |
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Step 2: The Neural Tube Forms From Thickening and Invagination of the Dorsal Ectoderm |
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72 | (1) |
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Step 3: Nerve Cells Proliferate and Then Migrate |
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73 | (2) |
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Step 4: Axons Grow Out From the Spinal Cord Along the Extracellular Matrix |
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75 | (2) |
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Step 5: The Axons Establish Connections With the Muscle Fibers |
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77 | (2) |
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Step 6: Redundant Synapses and Motoneurons Are Eliminated |
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79 | (4) |
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83 | (2) |
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Part II Putting Muscles to Work |
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85 | (139) |
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Ion Channels, Pumps, and Binding Proteins |
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87 | (23) |
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General Properties of Channels and Pumps |
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87 | (3) |
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90 | (2) |
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The Sodium Pump (Na+-K+ Pump) |
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92 | (4) |
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96 | (2) |
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Calcium Channels and Pumps |
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98 | (3) |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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106 | (4) |
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110 | (8) |
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Confirmation and Categorization of Axoplasmic Transport |
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110 | (6) |
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116 | (2) |
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Resting and Action Potentials |
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118 | (19) |
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Resting Membrane Potential |
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118 | (7) |
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125 | (7) |
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132 | (5) |
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Neuromuscular Transmission |
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137 | (14) |
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137 | (5) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (8) |
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151 | (24) |
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Sliding Filament Theory of Muscle Contraction |
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151 | (3) |
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The Cross-Bridge Theory of Skeletal Muscle |
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154 | (2) |
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The Key Contractile Proteins: Myosin and Actin |
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156 | (4) |
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling |
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160 | (6) |
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166 | (3) |
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The Length Dependence of Force |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (20) |
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Organization of Motor Units |
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176 | (6) |
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Physiological and Biochemical Properties of Motor Units |
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182 | (6) |
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Classification of Motor Units |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (3) |
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195 | (13) |
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Detection of Motor Unit Activation |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (7) |
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Maximal Voluntary Contraction |
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203 | (4) |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (16) |
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Energy Required for Muscle Contraction |
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208 | (1) |
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Replacing Adenosine Triphosphate |
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209 | (6) |
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Integration of the Metabolic Systems |
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215 | (2) |
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Regulation of the Metabolic Systems |
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217 | (2) |
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How Much Energy Is Needed? |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (4) |
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Part III The Adaptable Neuromuscular System |
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224 | (117) |
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226 | (19) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (5) |
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Excitation-Contraction Coupling Failure |
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233 | (3) |
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Biochemical Changes in Muscle Fibers |
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236 | (5) |
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241 | (3) |
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244 | (1) |
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Loss of Muscle Innervation |
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245 | (12) |
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Changes in Motor Axons and Neuromuscular Junctions |
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245 | (4) |
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249 | (5) |
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254 | (3) |
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Recovery of Muscle Innervation |
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257 | (14) |
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257 | (2) |
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259 | (6) |
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Changes in the Muscle Fibers Following Reinnervation |
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265 | (1) |
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Motor Unit Properties Following Reinnervation |
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266 | (3) |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (13) |
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Motoneuron Effects on Muscle |
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271 | (6) |
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Muscle Effects on Motoneurons |
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277 | (4) |
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281 | (3) |
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284 | (14) |
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Studies in Human Subjects |
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284 | (5) |
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289 | (6) |
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295 | (3) |
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298 | (15) |
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Muscle Strength and Power |
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298 | (6) |
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304 | (3) |
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Training Studies in Animals |
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307 | (3) |
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Adaptive Changes in DNA and RNA Processing |
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310 | (2) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (9) |
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Muscle Contraction-Induced Damage |
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314 | (2) |
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Muscle Injury From External Causes |
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316 | (3) |
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319 | (3) |
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322 | (19) |
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Changes in Muscle With Aging |
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322 | (7) |
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Motoneuron Changes in Aging |
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329 | (4) |
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Changes in Axons and Neuromuscular Junctions |
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333 | (3) |
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336 | (5) |
| Glossary of Terms |
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341 | (18) |
| References |
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359 | (48) |
| Index |
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407 | (14) |
| About the Authors |
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421 | |
