| Preface |
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xvii | |
| Acknowledgments |
|
xvii | |
| Contributors |
|
xix | |
| Abbreviations |
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xxi | |
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Chapter 1 Equipment for inhalant anesthesia |
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1 | (40) |
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1 | (1) |
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Components of the anesthesia machine |
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1 | (11) |
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2 | (1) |
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Regulators (pressure reducing valves) |
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2 | (2) |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (5) |
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11 | (1) |
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Breathing circuits and components |
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12 | (10) |
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Rebreathing circuit (circle breathing system) |
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12 | (7) |
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19 | (3) |
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Modern human anesthesia machines for veterinary use |
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22 | (1) |
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Selecting a breathing circuit |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
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The oxygen consumption requirements of the anesthetized animal |
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25 | (1) |
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The amount of oxygen needing to carry inhalant anesthetic from the vaporizer to the patient |
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25 | (1) |
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Amount of oxygen flow required to remove the C02 exhaled by the anesthetized animal from a non-rebreathing circuit |
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25 | (1) |
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Changes to the speed of inhalant anesthetic uptake during the transition from intravenous induction to inhalant maintenance |
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26 | (1) |
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Changes to the speed of chamber or face mask induction |
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26 | (1) |
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Important concept of time constant for inhalant anesthetic during chamber induction |
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27 | (1) |
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Changes to anesthetic depth during anesthesia maintenance |
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27 | (1) |
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Conservation of the patient's body temperature and airway moisture |
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27 | (1) |
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Reducing the cost of a given inhalant anesthetic agent |
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27 | (1) |
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Global issues, including pollution control and energy conservation |
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28 | (1) |
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28 | (4) |
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Types of endotracheal tubes |
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28 | (1) |
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Endotracheal tube construction |
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28 | (1) |
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Endotracheal tube selection |
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29 | (3) |
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Laryngeal mask airway for cats |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Induction chambers and face masks |
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33 | (2) |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Checking the accuracy of the flowmeter |
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35 | (1) |
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Checking the anesthesia machine and breathing circuit for leaks |
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36 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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37 | (2) |
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Checking the scavenging system for leaks and malfunctions |
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39 | (1) |
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Monitoring of waste gas and pollution |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
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Chapter 2 Perioperative blood work and urine analysis |
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41 | (10) |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (4) |
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42 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration |
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44 | (1) |
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White blood cells (or leukocytes) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Platelets and coagulation tests |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Pancreatic function tests |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Preanesthetic medication: drugs and dosages |
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51 | (26) |
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51 | (1) |
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Reasons for preanesthetic medication |
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52 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication protocol |
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53 | (1) |
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Phenothiazines: acepromazine |
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54 | (1) |
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Quick points for consideration |
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54 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication doses |
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54 | (1) |
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Advantages of using acepromazine |
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55 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of using acepromazine |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Quick points for consideration |
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55 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication doses |
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56 | (1) |
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Benzodiazepines: diazepam and midazolam |
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56 | (1) |
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Quick points for consideration |
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56 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication doses |
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56 | (1) |
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Differences between diazepam and midazolam |
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57 | (1) |
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Advantages of using benzodiazepines |
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57 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of using benzodiazepines |
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57 | (1) |
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Alpha-2 adrenergic agonists: xylazine, romifidine, medetomidine, and dexmedetomidine |
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57 | (4) |
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Quick points for consideration |
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57 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication doses |
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58 | (1) |
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Differences between the various alpha-2 adrenergic agonists |
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58 | (1) |
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Advantages of using alpha-2 adrenergic agonists |
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59 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of using alpha-2 adrenergic agonists |
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60 | (1) |
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Dissociatives: ketamine and tiletamine |
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61 | (2) |
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Quick points for consideration |
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61 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication doses |
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61 | (1) |
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Differences between the dissociatives |
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61 | (1) |
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Advantages of using dissociatives |
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62 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of using dissociatives |
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62 | (1) |
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Anticholinergics: atropine and glycopyrrolate |
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63 | (1) |
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Quick points for consideration |
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63 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication doses |
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63 | (1) |
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Differences between atropine and glycopyrrolate |
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63 | (1) |
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Advantage of using anticholinergic agents |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (3) |
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Quick points for considerations |
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64 | (1) |
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Preanesthetic medication doses and properties |
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64 | (2) |
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Differences between the various opioids |
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66 | (1) |
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Advantages of using opioids |
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66 | (1) |
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Disadvantages of using opioids |
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67 | (1) |
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Neuroleptic-analgesic combinations |
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67 | (7) |
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67 | (1) |
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Concepts of using two or more sedatives together |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (2) |
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Sick (ASA III, IV, V, III-E, IV-E, V-E), pediatric, or geriatric dogs |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (2) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 Intravenous injection techniques and intravenous anesthetic agents |
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77 | (16) |
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77 | (1) |
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Intravenous injection techniques |
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78 | (1) |
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Intravenous anesthetic agents |
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78 | (1) |
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Induction or short-term restraint |
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78 | (1) |
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Arm-brain (cephalic vein to brain) circulation time |
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78 | (1) |
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Apnea induced by intravenous anesthetics during induction |
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78 | (1) |
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Characteristics of intravenous anesthetic agents used in dogs and cats |
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79 | (10) |
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Thiopentone (thiopental) sodium |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Diazepam (midazolam)/ketamine |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (2) |
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89 | (1) |
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Induction and immobilization |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Inhalant anesthetic agents |
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93 | (14) |
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93 | (1) |
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Uptake and distribution of inhalant anesthetic agents |
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94 | (4) |
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95 | (1) |
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Anesthetic partial-pressure gradient: induction phase |
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95 | (1) |
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Anesthetic partial-pressure gradient: recovery phase |
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96 | (1) |
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97 | (1) |
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Minimum alveolar concentration |
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98 | (1) |
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Factors that decrease minimum alveolar concentration values |
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98 | (1) |
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Factors that increases minimum alveolar concentration values |
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98 | (1) |
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Factors that do not affect minimum alveolar concentration values |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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Pungency and airway irritation |
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99 | (1) |
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Isoflurane, sevoflurane, and desflurane |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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Face mask and chamber induction with overpressurizing techniques |
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100 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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Technique for face mask induction |
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100 | (1) |
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Technique for chamber induction |
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101 | (2) |
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Advantages of using chamber and face mask induction |
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103 | (1) |
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Inconsistencies during anesthesia maintenance |
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103 | (1) |
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Premature awakening during a surgical procedure |
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103 | (1) |
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Anesthetic plane becomes too deep |
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103 | (1) |
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Recovery from inhalant anesthesia |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (3) |
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Chapter 6 Anesthesia monitoring and management |
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107 | (34) |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (13) |
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Subjective assessment of circulatory function |
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108 | (1) |
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Objective assessment of circulatory function |
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109 | (12) |
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Monitoring fluid responsiveness using the plethysmographic variability index |
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121 | (1) |
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Limitation of using PVI as a fluid administration guide |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (5) |
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Subjective assessment of oxygenation |
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122 | (1) |
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Objective assessment of oxygenation |
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122 | (1) |
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Hemoximetry and pulse oximetry |
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122 | (1) |
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Placement of the pulse oximeter probe |
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123 | (1) |
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Factors that influence pulse oximetry |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Relationship between SpO2 (or SaO2) and PaO2 |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (2) |
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127 | (6) |
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Subjective assessment of ventilatory function |
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127 | (1) |
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Objective assessment of ventilatory function |
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128 | (5) |
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Monitoring other vital parameters |
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133 | (5) |
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Monitoring body temperature |
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133 | (1) |
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Monitoring blood glucose levels |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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Monitoring blood electrolytes, total protein, and packed cell volume |
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136 | (1) |
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Monitoring the depth of anesthesia |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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140 | (1) |
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141 | (8) |
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141 | (1) |
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Composition and fluid distribution within animals |
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141 | (1) |
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Indications for fluid therapy under general anesthesia |
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141 | (1) |
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2013 American Animal Hospital Association/American Association of Feline Practitioners Fluid Therapy Guidelines for Dogs and Cats |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (6) |
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142 | (3) |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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Healthy patient undergoing general anesthesia for elective procedure |
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148 | (1) |
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Patient with suspected portosystemic shunt requiring general anesthesia |
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148 | (1) |
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Patient with hemolytic anemia to be anesthetized for bone marrow aspiration |
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148 | (1) |
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Patient with bleeding abdominal mass presented for surgery |
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148 | (1) |
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Patient with ruptured bladder presenting for bladder repair |
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148 | (1) |
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Two- to three-month-old male puppy presented for laceration repair |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Chapter 8 Blood components and transfusion therapy |
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149 | (14) |
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J. Catharine Scott-Moncrieff |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (7) |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (1) |
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Fresh frozen plasma/frozen plasma |
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152 | (1) |
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Cryoprecipitate and cryoprecipitate-depleted fresh frozen plasma (cryosupernatant) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (2) |
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156 | (2) |
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157 | (1) |
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Safe transfusion practices |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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Safe sources of blood products |
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159 | (3) |
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159 | (1) |
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Autologous blood transfusion |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Injectable sedative and anesthesia-analgesia combinations in dogs and cats |
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163 | (22) |
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163 | (13) |
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Dexmedetomidine (and medetomidine)-based protocols |
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164 | (1) |
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Dexmedetomidine (or medetomidine)-ketamine combinations |
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164 | (2) |
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Dexmedetomidine (medetomidine)-butorphanol |
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166 | (1) |
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Dexmedetomidine (medetomidine)-butorphanol-midazolam (or diazepam) sedative combination |
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167 | (1) |
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Dog-specific dexmedetomidine combinations |
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168 | (4) |
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Cat-specific combinations |
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172 | (2) |
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Alternative injectable anesthetic combinations and techniques for giant breed dogs |
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174 | (1) |
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Chemical restraint combinations for animals with systemic illness or geriatric dogs and cats |
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175 | (1) |
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Tiletamine/zolazepam-based protocols |
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176 | (4) |
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Tiletamine/zolazepam-butorphanol-dexmedetomidine (medetomidine) |
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176 | (4) |
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Tiletamine/zolazepam-dexmedetomidine (or medetomidine) combination without opioids |
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180 | (1) |
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Tiletamine/zolazepam-opioid combinations without dexmedetomidine/medetomidine |
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180 | (1) |
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180 | (3) |
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183 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Anesthetic considerations for specific diseases |
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185 | (26) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (3) |
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185 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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186 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs with liver dysfunction |
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187 | (1) |
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Anesthetic protocols for cats with liver dysfunction |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (7) |
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188 | (1) |
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Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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188 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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Mitral valve regurgitation (or insufficiency) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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190 | (1) |
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191 | (1) |
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Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Protocols to minimize the risk and maximize the chances of a good anesthetic outcome in patients with pre-existing cardiac disease |
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192 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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193 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs with cardiac dysfunction |
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194 | (1) |
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Anesthetic protocols for cats with cardiac dysfunction |
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195 | (1) |
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195 | (2) |
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195 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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195 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs and cats with respiratory dysfunction (e.g. brachycephalic obstructive airway disease) |
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196 | (1) |
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Central nervous system dysfunction |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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198 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs with CNS dysfunction |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and considerations |
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200 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs and cats with endocrine disorders |
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200 | (1) |
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Urinary and renal dysfunction |
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200 | (3) |
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200 | (1) |
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Anesthetic considerations of hemodialysis and hemoperfusion cases |
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201 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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202 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs and cats with urinary and renal dysfunction |
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202 | (1) |
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Gastrointestinal dysfunction |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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203 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs with GDV |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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204 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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205 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for cesarean section in dogs |
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206 | (1) |
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Resuscitation of neonates |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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207 | (1) |
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Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
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208 | (1) |
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Examples of anesthetic protocols for traumatized orthopedic patients |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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Chapter 11 Airway management and ventilation |
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211 | (8) |
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211 | (1) |
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Managing the difficult airway |
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211 | (5) |
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211 | (1) |
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211 | (1) |
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Airway occlusion and changing the endotracheal tube |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (1) |
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Perioperative oxygen administration |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Ventilation (assisted or controlled) |
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216 | (2) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Assessing ventilatory efficiency |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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Chapter 12 Anesthetic considerations for patients requiring upper airway surgery and patients requiring thoracic surgery |
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219 | (12) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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222 | (3) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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Chapter 13 Anesthetic considerations for upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures |
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231 | (4) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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Pharyngeal/oral examination |
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232 | (1) |
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Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy |
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232 | (2) |
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Lower gastrointestinal endoscopy |
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
Sample anesthetic protocols |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Chapter 14 Anesthetic considerations for minimally invasive surgical procedures |
|
|
235 | (6) |
|
|
|
Laryngoscopy/tracheoscopy |
|
|
235 | (2) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (2) |
|
Sample anesthetic protocols |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
|
239 | (2) |
|
Chapter 15 Anesthetic considerations for neurologic patients |
|
|
241 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
242 | (5) |
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
Additional considerations for patients with head trauma |
|
|
243 | (2) |
|
|
|
245 | (1) |
|
Anesthetic management for patients with seizures |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
Anesthetic management for CSF sampling |
|
|
246 | (1) |
|
Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs and cats |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Spinal and vertebral diseases |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Anesthetic management for thoracolumbar and cervical spinal disease |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Anesthetic management for patients with atlantoaxial instability |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs and cats |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Anesthetic management and pharmacologic considerations |
|
|
248 | (1) |
|
Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs and cats |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
|
249 | (2) |
|
Chapter 16 Anesthetic considerations for ophthalmic surgeries |
|
|
251 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
|
|
251 | (1) |
|
Sedation protocols for ophthalmic examinations and/or minor procedures |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Sedation protocol examples |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
Sedatives and electroretinography |
|
|
252 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
253 | (1) |
|
|
|
254 | (2) |
|
|
|
255 | (1) |
|
Commonly used ophthalmic drugs and possible systemic adverse effects |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
Examples of anesthetic protocols for dogs for non-intraocular procedures |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
Examples of anesthetic protocols for diabetic dogs for intraocular surgeries |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
Examples of anesthetic protocols for cats for ophthalmic procedures |
|
|
256 | (1) |
|
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
Chapter 17 Anesthesia and sedation for radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI patients |
|
|
259 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Clinical considerations for selecting sedation or general anesthesia for radiographic-related procedures |
|
|
259 | (4) |
|
Cases suitable for radiography, ultrasound, and CT procedures using sedation |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Safety keys to consider when using sedation for radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI procedures |
|
|
260 | (1) |
|
Sedative protocols for radiography, ultrasound, CT, and MRI procedures |
|
|
261 | (2) |
|
|
|
263 | (2) |
|
Chapter 18 Anesthetic considerations for orthopedic surgical patients |
|
|
265 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
Sedation protocols for radiographic examination |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
Anesthesia/analgesia protocols for dogs |
|
|
267 | (7) |
|
|
|
269 | (1) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
Loco-regional anesthesia/analgesia |
|
|
271 | (3) |
|
Anesthesia/analgesia protocols for cats |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative analgesia, including NSAIDs |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Postoperative considerations |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
Chapter 19 Anesthetic considerations for dental and oral-facial surgeries |
|
|
279 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
Anesthetic considerations for dental and oral-facial surgical procedures |
|
|
280 | (3) |
|
Pain management for in-hospital and as take-home medication |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Recommendations for dental and oral-facial surgeries |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (1) |
|
|
|
285 | (2) |
|
Chapter 20 Analgesia and sedation of emergency/intensive care unit patients |
|
|
287 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Basic triage of emergency cases |
|
|
287 | (3) |
|
Specific emergency/intensive care unit conditions |
|
|
290 | (12) |
|
Skin/integument/musculoskeletal |
|
|
290 | (2) |
|
|
|
292 | (1) |
|
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
Cardiovascular emergencies |
|
|
295 | (2) |
|
|
|
297 | (3) |
|
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
|
|
302 | (3) |
|
Chapter 21 Anesthetic emergencies and cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
|
305 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
Respiratory complications that result in anesthetic emergencies |
|
|
305 | (3) |
|
|
|
305 | (1) |
|
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
|
306 | (1) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
|
|
307 | (1) |
|
Cardiovascular complications that result in anesthetic emergencies |
|
|
308 | (3) |
|
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (1) |
|
|
|
309 | (2) |
|
Other complications that result in anesthetic emergencies |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
|
312 | (4) |
|
Identification of arrest via checking of vital signs |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Some considerations regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
Chapter 22 Perioperative cardiac arrhythmias and treatments |
|
|
317 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
Normal cardiac conduction pathways |
|
|
317 | (2) |
|
Causes of perioperative cardiac arrhythmias |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
Types of cardiac arrhythmias |
|
|
320 | (4) |
|
Cardiac arrhythmias due to an abnormal heart rate |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
Cardiac arrhythmias due to abnormal rhythms |
|
|
321 | (2) |
|
Cardiac arrhythmias due to impulse conduction abnormality |
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
Identifying perioperative cardiac arrhythmias and making decisions for immediate treatment |
|
|
324 | (4) |
|
Commonly occurring cardiac arrhythmias, causes, and treatment perioperatively |
|
|
324 | (3) |
|
Cardiac arrhythmias associated with cardiac emergency and arrest |
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
|
|
328 | (1) |
|
Chapter 23 Local anesthetic agents and anesthetic techniques |
|
|
329 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
Types of local anesthetic agent |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Factors that determine the potency, onset, duration, and toxicity of a local anesthetic agent |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
Toxicity of local anesthetics and treatments |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
333 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (3) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
Ring and three-point blocks |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Nerve blocks for thoracic surgeries |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Intrapleural infusion nerve block |
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
|
|
340 | (1) |
|
Lumbosacral epidural block |
|
|
341 | (3) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (2) |
|
Epidural catheter placement |
|
|
344 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Intravenous regional blocks (Bier block and hindlimb blocks) |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Local anesthetic as an adjunct to general anesthesia for eye surgery |
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Lidocaine regional constant rate infusion |
|
|
347 | (3) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (2) |
|
Intratesticular and intrauterine blocks using a local anesthetic |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Intra-articular injection of a local anesthetic or other medication |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (2) |
|
Chapter 24 Acute pain management |
|
|
353 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Principles of acute pain management |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Mechanisms of pain and mechanism-based pain management |
|
|
354 | (2) |
|
Origins of somatic and visceral pain and pain management |
|
|
354 | (2) |
|
Analgesic therapies for acute pain |
|
|
356 | (2) |
|
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Drugs used in analgesic therapies for acute pain |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Pre-emptive/preoperative pain management |
|
|
358 | (2) |
|
|
|
358 | (1) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Intraoperative pain management |
|
|
360 | (3) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
Other constant rate infusion alternatives |
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Local anesthetic blocks during surgery |
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
Postoperative pain management |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs |
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Take-home pain medication |
|
|
363 | (6) |
|
|
|
363 | (2) |
|
|
|
365 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (1) |
|
|
|
366 | (2) |
|
Similarities and differences between lidocaine patches and fentanyl patches |
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
Chapter 25 Photobiomodulation therapy in pain management |
|
|
371 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
371 | (4) |
|
Mechanism of action in device and in vivo |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
Classification of devices |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Precautions with photobiomodulation therapy |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Laser parameter selection and treatment techniques |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (1) |
|
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
Chapter 26 Management of neuropathic pain in dogs and cats |
|
|
377 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Components of normal pain perception |
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
Role of the peripheral nervous system in pain perception |
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Role of the central nervous system in pain perception |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Common medications used for the treatment of neuropathic pain |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Common medications used for the treatment of chronic pain |
|
|
380 | (2) |
|
Alternative therapies used for the treatment of neuropathic pain |
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Chapter 27 Oncologic pain management and radiation therapy |
|
|
385 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
Overview of radiation therapy and its role in pain management |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Head to tail approach to painful tumors and cancer |
|
|
386 | (3) |
|
Body systems commonly affected by oncologic pain |
|
|
386 | (3) |
|
Oncologic pain assessment and management |
|
|
389 | (2) |
|
Palliative pain management |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Oncologic treatment-related pain management |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (1) |
|
|
|
391 | (2) |
|
Chapter 28 Chronic pain management for osteoarthritis in dogs and cats |
|
|
393 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
Pathology of osteoarthritis |
|
|
393 | (1) |
|
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Sources of osteoarthritis pain |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Treatment of osteoarthritis pain |
|
|
394 | (5) |
|
Pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapy |
|
|
394 | (5) |
|
Other alternative therapies |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
Sample protocols for treating osteoarthritis pain |
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (1) |
|
Chapter 29 Acupuncture and Chinese medicine for pain management in dogs and cats |
|
|
401 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
401 | (1) |
|
|
|
401 | (5) |
|
Acupuncture for treating pain |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Common methods of veterinary acupuncture for pain |
|
|
402 | (1) |
|
Evidence-based mechanisms of acupuncture |
|
|
403 | (1) |
|
Acupuncture channels/meridians |
|
|
403 | (3) |
|
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Top five herbs used in small animal anesthesia and pain management |
|
|
406 | (1) |
|
Clinical applications of acupuncture and herbs in pain management |
|
|
407 | (4) |
|
|
|
407 | (3) |
|
Osteoarthritis and degenerative joint disease |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Postoperative pain management |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
Palliative care and oncology |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
|
|
411 | (2) |
|
Chapter 30 Rehabilitation and pain management for veterinary patients |
|
|
413 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
413 | (2) |
|
Types of patients who benefit from physical rehabilitation |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
Orthopedic patients that may have one or more of the following conditions |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Neurologic patients with one or more of the following conditions |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
Use of physical rehabilitation for pain control |
|
|
416 | (1) |
|
|
|
417 | (2) |
|
Chapter 31 Anesthesia in shelter medicine and high-volume/high-quality spay and neuter programs |
|
|
419 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
419 | (2) |
|
Preimmobilization and anesthesia considerations |
|
|
421 | (2) |
|
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
Tiletamine/zolazepam, butorphanol, dexmedetomidine |
|
|
423 | (4) |
|
Monitoring of anesthesia in shelters, high-volume/high-quality spay and neuter clinics, and trap-neuter-release environments |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (2) |
|
|
|
429 | (6) |
|
|
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (2) |
|
Euthanasia under general anesthesia |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Two-stage euthanasia: anesthesia-sedation prior to euthanasia |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Drugs and solutions for euthanasia |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Barbiturate-based solutions |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Intravenous access for drug administration |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
Avoiding agonal breathing and muscle spasms |
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (2) |
|
|
|
|
Anesthetic dosage reference ranges |
|
|
435 | (2) |
| Index |
|
437 | |
