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Smart Grid Applications, Communications, and Security [Hardback]

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, (University of Alberta in Edmonton)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 496 pages, height x width x depth: 243x163x31 mm, weight: 789 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Apr-2012
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1118004396
  • ISBN-13: 9781118004395
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Smart Grid Applications, Communications, and SecurityPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 496 pages, height x width x depth: 243x163x31 mm, weight: 789 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Apr-2012
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1118004396
  • ISBN-13: 9781118004395
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781118004395.html
Keywords:
For many, smart grids are the biggest technological revolution since the Internet. They have the potential to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, increase the reliability of electricity supply, and increase the efficiency of our energy infrastructure.

Smart Grid Applications, Communications, and Security explains how diverse technologies play hand-in-hand in building and maintaining smart grids around the globe. The book delves into the communication aspects of smart grids, provides incredible insight into power electronics, sensing, monitoring, and control technologies, and points out the potential for new technologies and markets.

Extensively cross-referenced, the book contains comprehensive coverage in four major parts:





Part I: Applications provides a detailed introduction to smart grid applicationsspanning the transmission, distribution, and consumer side of the electricity grid Part II: Communications discusses wireless, wireline, and optical communication solutionsfrom the physical layers up to sensing, automation, and control protocols running on the application layers Part III: Security deals with cyber securitysharpening the awareness of security threats, reviewing the ongoing standardization, and outlining the future of authentication and encryption key management Part IV: Case Studies and Field Trials presents self-contained chapters of studies where the smart grid of tomorrow has already been put into practice With contributions from major industry stakeholders such as Siemens, Cisco, ABB, and Motorola, this is the ideal book for both engineering professionals and students.

Recenzijas

I highly recommend the very complete reference book Smart Grid Applications, Communications, and Security, edited by Lars T. Berger, Ph.D., and Krzysztof Iniewski, Ph.D., to any engineers, power utility executives, business leaders, policy makers, government officials, and engineering students who are seeking a useful overview of the various aspects of the smart grid and its impact. This book will provide the essential foundation to understanding the smart grid, and will lead to further more specialized research and study as well. (Blog Business World, 2012)

Preface xv
Contributors xvii
PART I APPLICATIONS
1 Introduction To Smart Grid Applications
3(46)
Xiaoming Feng
James Stoupis
Salman Mohagheghi
Mats Larsson
1.1 Introduction
3(2)
1.2 Voltage and Var Control and Optimization
5(9)
1.2.1 Introduction
5(1)
1.2.2 Devices for Voltage and Var Control
6(1)
1.2.3 Voltage Drop and Energy Loss in Distribution System
7(1)
1.2.4 Load Response to Voltage Variations
8(1)
1.2.5 Benefit Potentials of Voltage and Var Control
9(1)
1.2.6 Voltage and Var Control Approaches
10(2)
1.2.7 Communication Requirements
12(1)
1.2.8 Inclusion of New Controllable Resources
13(1)
1.2.9 Interaction with Other Applications
14(1)
1.3 Fault Detection, Isolation, and Restoration (FDIR)
14(7)
1.3.1 Drivers and Benefits of FDIR
15(1)
1.3.2 FDIR Background
15(1)
1.3.3 Field-Based FDIR Schemes
16(3)
1.3.4 Control Center-Based FDIR Schemes
19(1)
1.3.5 Reliability: Present and Future
20(1)
1.4 Demand Response (DR)
21(4)
1.4.1 Types of DR Programs
22(2)
1.4.2 Communication Requirements
24(1)
1.4.3 Statistical Reliability of Demand Response
24(1)
1.5 Distributed Energy Resources (DERs)
25(3)
1.5.1 Operation and Control
26(2)
1.5.2 Communication Requirements
28(1)
1.5.3 Sustainable Power Grid
28(1)
1.6 Wide-Area Monitoring, Control, and Protection (WAMCP)
28(21)
1.6.1 Structure of a Wide-Area Monitoring, Control, and Protection System
29(5)
1.6.2 Overview of WAMCP Applications
34(3)
1.6.3 Stabilizing and Emergency Control Actions
37(2)
1.6.4 Implementation Aspects of WAMCP Systems
39(5)
References
44(5)
2 Electric Vehicles As A Driver For Smart Grids
49(26)
Nigel Fitzpatrick
Alec Tsang
2.1 Introduction
49(1)
2.2 Plug-In Electric Vehicles and Hybrids
50(1)
2.3 Hybrids
51(1)
2.4 The General Electric Delta Car
52(1)
2.5 Batteries, Ultracapacitors, and Semi and Full-Fuel Cells
53(3)
2.6 Lithium Ion
56(1)
2.7 Cell Voltage, Reliability of Stacks, and Impact of Inverters
57(1)
2.8 Battery Mass Fraction, Energy, Power, Benefits and a Penalty
58(1)
2.9 Vehicle Classes, Niches, and Constraints
59(1)
2.10 Messages from Full-Cycle Modeling, Energy Security, and Air Quality
60(1)
2.11 Market Penetration by Vehicle Niche
60(1)
2.12 Vehicle Architecture, Key Components, Controls, and Cost
61(1)
2.14 Grid to Vehicle (G2V) Charging: Levels 1 to 3
62(2)
2.13.1 Level 1 125 Volt AC
63(1)
2.13.2 Level 2 Greater than 125 Volt AC or Greater than 20 amps
63(1)
2.13.3 Level 3 Charging
64(1)
2.14 Grid Impacts
64(2)
2.15 Vehicle to Grid (V2G): A First or Second Order Matter?
66(2)
2.16 Second Life for Used Vehicle Batteries Grid-Side Instead?
68(1)
2.17 The City and the Vehicle
69(1)
2.18 Impact of Electric Drive on Greenhouse Gas Emissions
69(1)
2.19 Conclusions
70(5)
Acknowledgments
71(1)
References
71(4)
3 Autonomous Demand-Side Management
75(22)
Hamed Mohsenian-Rad
Alberto Leon-Garcia
3.1 Introduction
75(2)
3.2 Direct and Indirect Demand-Side Management
77(2)
3.3 Autonomous Demand-Side Management
79(3)
3.4 Optimal Energy Consumption Scheduling
82(6)
3.5 Price Prediction
88(3)
3.6 Managing User-Side Storage and Generation
91(1)
3.7 Conclusion
92(5)
References
92(5)
4 Power Electronics For Monitoring, Signaling, And Protection
97(24)
Wilsun Xu
4.1 Introduction
97(1)
4.2 Power Line Communication
98(4)
4.2.1 Zero-Crossing Shift Technique
98(1)
4.2.2 Waveform Distortion Technique
99(2)
4.2.3 Ripple Signaling Technique
101(1)
4.2.4 Summary
102(1)
4.3 Condition Monitoring and Fault Detection
102(7)
4.3.1 Online Motor Thermal Protection
103(1)
4.3.2 Faulted Line Identification in Ungrounded Systems
104(1)
4.3.3 Generator Ground Fault Detection
105(2)
4.3.4 HVDC Neutral Ground Fault Detection
107(1)
4.3.5 Detections of Faults in a De-energized Line
107(1)
4.3.6 Summary
108(1)
4.4 Active Protection
109(4)
4.4.1 Impedance-Based Anti-islanding Protection for Distributed Generators
109(1)
4.4.2 Power Line Signaling-Based Transfer Trip Scheme
110(2)
4.4.3 PT Ferroresonance Protection
112(1)
4.4.4 Summary
113(1)
4.5 Power Electronics Signaling Technology
113(2)
4.6 Conclusions
115(6)
References
116(5)
PART II COMMUNICATIONS
5 Introduction To Smart Grid Communications
121(24)
Wenbo Shi
Vincent W. S. Wong
5.1 Introduction
122(2)
5.2 An Overview of Network Architecture
124(3)
5.3 Premises Network
127(4)
5.4 Neighborhood Area Network
131(4)
5.5 Wide Area Network
135(3)
5.6 Standardization Activities
138(3)
5.7 Conclusions
141(4)
References
142(3)
6 Wireless Communications In Smart Grids
145(46)
Juan Jose Garcia Fernandez
Lars Torsten Berger
Ana Garcia Armada
Maria Julia Fernandez-Getino Garcia
Victor P. Gil Jimenez
Troels B. Sørensen
6.1 Introduction
145(5)
6.2 Wireless Personal Area Networks
150(6)
6.2.1 802.15.4 Physical Layer
151(2)
6.2.2 802.15.4 Medium Access Control Sublayer
153(1)
6.2.3 ZigBee Network Layer
154(1)
6.2.4 ZigBee Application Layer
155(1)
6.3 Wireless Local Area Networks
156(6)
6.3.1 Wi-Fi Physical Layer (PHY)
157(3)
6.3.2 Wi-Fi Medium Access Control (MAC)
160(2)
6.4 Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks
162(3)
6.4.1 The 802.16 Physical Layer
162(2)
6.4.2 The 802.16 Medium Access Control Layer
164(1)
6.5 Cellular Networks
165(5)
6.5.1 Cellular Systems
165(1)
6.5.2 Applicability to Machine-to-Machine Communications
166(1)
6.5.3 Cellular Characteristics
167(3)
6.6 Satellite Communications
170(11)
6.6.1 Satellite Orbits
171(2)
6.6.2 Satellite Regulations
173(1)
6.6.3 Frequency Bands and Propagation Effects
174(1)
6.6.4 Satellite Technology and Topology Considerations
175(1)
6.6.5 Satellite Communication Standards
176(2)
6.6.6 Fixed Satellite Systems
178(2)
6.6.7 Mobile Satellite Systems
180(1)
6.7 Conclusions
181(10)
Acknowledgment
182(1)
References
182(9)
7 Wireline Communications In Smart Grids
191(40)
Lars Torsten Berger
7.1 Introduction
191(4)
7.2 Phone Line Technology
195(6)
7.2.1 DSL Overview
195(1)
7.2.2 DSL Scenarios
196(3)
7.2.3 ADSL2+ and VDSL2
199(2)
7.3 Coaxial Cable Technologies
201(3)
7.3.1 Coax Scenarios
202(1)
7.3.2 Data Over Cable Service Interface Specification (DOCSIS)
203(1)
7.4 Power Line Technology
204(16)
7.4.1 PLC Scenarios, Channel, and Noise Aspects
205(5)
7.4.2 PLC Electromagnetic Compatibility Regulations
210(3)
7.4.3 Narrowband PLC
213(2)
7.4.4 Broadband PLC
215(5)
7.5 Conclusions
220(11)
Acknowledgment
220(1)
References
220(11)
8 Optical Communications In Smart Grids
231(12)
Kris Iniewski
8.1 Introduction
231(1)
8.2 Passive Optical Networks (PONs)
232(3)
8.3 Wave Lengh Division Multiplexing (WDM)
235(3)
8.4 SONET/SDH
238(1)
8.5 Carrier Ethernet
239(2)
8.6 Conclusions
241(2)
References
242(1)
9 Network Layer Aspects Of Smart Grid Communications
243(8)
Kris Iniewski
9.1 Introduction
243(1)
9.2 TCP/IP Networks
244(4)
9.2.1 TCP/IP Protocol Stack
244(3)
9.2.2 Quality of Service (QoS)
247(1)
9.2.3 IPv6
247(1)
9.2.4 TCP/IP for Wireless Networks
247(1)
9.3 Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)
248(1)
9.4 Conclusions
248(3)
References
249(2)
10 Smart Grid Sensing, Automation, And Control Protocols
251(44)
Wolfgang Mahnke
10.1 Introduction
251(8)
10.1.1 Communication
253(4)
10.1.2 Information Model
257(2)
10.2 Protocols and Standards
259(27)
10.2.1 IEC 61850
260(7)
10.2.2 IEC 61968/IEC 61970
267(5)
10.2.3 OPC UA
272(7)
10.2.4 DNP3
279(1)
10.2.5 BACnet
280(2)
10.2.6 OpenADR
282(2)
10.2.7 ZigBee
284(1)
10.2.8 Other Specifications
285(1)
10.3 Conclusions
286(9)
References
289(6)
PART III SECURITY
11 Introduction To Smart Grid Cyber Security
295(26)
Pedro Marin Fernandes
11.1 Introduction
295(4)
11.2 Examples
299(17)
11.2.1 The North American Example
299(15)
11.2.2 The European Example
314(2)
11.3 Conclusion
316(5)
References
319(2)
12 Smart Grid Security Standardization
321(16)
Steffen Fries
Hans-Joachim Hof
12.1 Standardization Activities
321(1)
12.2 Smart Grid Security Requirements
321(2)
12.3 Security Relevant Regulation and Standardization Activities
323(9)
12.3.1 ISO/IEC
324(3)
12.3.2 IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers)
327(1)
12.3.3 ISA (International Society of Automation)
327(1)
12.3.4 CIGRE
328(1)
12.3.5 NERC (North American Electric Reliability Corporation)
328(1)
12.3.6 National Activities
329(3)
12.4 Trends in Energy Automation Security
332(1)
12.5 Conclusion
333(4)
References
333(4)
13 Smart Grid Authentication And Key Management
337(28)
Anthony Metke
13.1 Introduction and Scope
337(10)
13.1.1 Overview of Potential Vulnerabilities
338(1)
13.1.2 High Level System Requirements
339(2)
13.1.3 Review of Key Management Techniques
341(6)
13.2 Authentication and Authorization Issues in the Smart Grid
347(3)
13.2.1 Grid to Grid
347(1)
13.2.2 AMI
348(1)
13.2.3 HAN
349(1)
13.3 Architectural Considerations and Recommendations
350(8)
13.3.1 Malware Protection
350(3)
13.3.2 Device Attestation
353(1)
13.3.3 Holistic PKI model
353(5)
13.4 Conclusion and Next Steps
358(7)
References
360(5)
PART IV CASE STUDIES AND FIELD TRIALS
14 Hybrid Wireless-Plc Smart Grid In Rural Greece
365(16)
Angeliki M. Sarafi
Athanasios E. Drougas
Petros I. Papaioannou
Panayotis G. Cottis
14.1 Introduction
365(1)
14.2 Network Design and Implementation
366(5)
14.2.1 PHY and MAC Specifications
367(2)
14.2.2 Cell-Based Architecture for W-BPL Networks
369(1)
14.2.3 The Network Operating Center (NOC)
369(1)
14.2.4 Last-Mile Access
370(1)
14.3 Smart-Grid Applications Offered in Larissa
371(4)
14.3.1 Grid Monitoring and Operations Optimization
371(2)
14.3.2 Demand-Side Management
373(1)
14.3.3 Broadband Services
374(1)
14.4 Key Lessons Learned
375(3)
14.4.1 Issues Related to the Site of the BPL Deployment
375(1)
14.4.2 Issues Related to the Condition of MV Grid
376(1)
14.4.3 Application Related Issues
377(1)
14.5 Conclusions
378(3)
References
379(2)
15 Smart Charging The Electric Vehicle Fleet
381(28)
Peter Bach Andersen
Einar Bragi Hauksson
Anders Bro Pedersen
Dieter Gantenbein
Bernhard Jansen
Claus Amtrup Andersen
Jacob Dall
15.1 Introduction
381(1)
15.2 The Fleet Operator as a New Conceptual Role
382(4)
15.2.1 Fleet Operator Interaction with Grid and Market Stakeholders
382(2)
15.2.2 The Objective of the Fleet Operator
384(1)
15.2.3 ICT Architecture Setup and Requirements
385(1)
15.3 EDISON and the Use of Standards
386(4)
15.3.1 Standards Between Electric Vehicle and Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment: IEC 61851 and ISO/IEC 15118
387(1)
15.3.2 Standard Between Electric Vehicle Supply Equipment and Fleet Operator: IEC 61850
388(2)
15.4 Smart Charging Communication Components
390(4)
15.4.1 The IEC 61850 Server
390(2)
15.4.2 The EDISON VPP
392(2)
15.4.3 The EDISON I/O Board
394(1)
15.5 Charging Infrastructure Communication
394(6)
15.5.1 Interface Connecting EV to EVSE
395(1)
15.5.2 Interface Connecting EVSE to Fleet Operator
396(3)
15.5.3 Interface Connecting EV User to Fleet Operator
399(1)
15.6 Demonstration
400(3)
15.6.1 End-to-End Demonstration: From EV to Operator Panel
400(1)
15.6.2 Physical Demonstration Assets
401(1)
15.6.3 A Large-Scale Virtual Fleet
402(1)
15.7 Conclusion and Future Work
403(6)
References
406(3)
16 Real-Time Estimation Of Transmission Line Parameters
409(20)
Wenyuan Li
Paul Choudhury
Jun Sun
16.1 Introduction
409(1)
16.2 Basic Concepts
410(2)
16.3 Filtering Invalid Measurements
412(2)
16.4 Estimating Parameters Rij, Xij, and Y
414(3)
16.5 Simulation Results
417(4)
16.5.1 Estimating Parameters of a Line in IEEE 118-Bus System
418(1)
16.5.2 Estimating Parameters of a Line in BC Hydro System
418(3)
16.6 Conclusions
421(8)
References
426(3)
17 Wamcp Study: Voltage Stability Monitoring And Control
429(14)
Mats Larsson
17.1 Wide-Area Voltage Stability Protection
429(11)
17.1.1 Power System State Prediction and Optimization
430(1)
17.1.2 Heuristic Tree Search
431(2)
17.1.3 Voltage Stability Protection Based on Local Measurements
433(1)
17.1.4 Test Network
433(3)
17.1.5 Scenarios and Simulation Results
436(4)
17.2 Conclusion
440(3)
References
440(3)
18 Secure Remote Access To Home Energy Appliances
443(12)
Steffen Fries
Hans-Joachim Hof
18.1 Introduction
443(1)
18.2 Challenges in the Smart Grid
444(2)
18.3 Access Control and Authorization for Remote Access to Home Energy Appliances
446(9)
18.3.1 ASIA: Operation in Session Invocation Mode
448(1)
18.3.2 ASIA: Operation in Redirect Mode
449(1)
18.3.3 ASIA: Operation in Proxy Mode
450(1)
18.3.4 ASIA Mode Comparison
451(4)
Index 455
LARS TORSTEN BERGER, PHD, is founder of BreezeSolve, a Valencia-based company offering engineering and consultant services in telecommunications, signal processing, and smart grid. He is currently also directing the R&D Department of Kenus Informįtica, Paterna, Spain. In his career, Dr. Berger has worked for Daimler-Benz Aerospace, Nortel Networks, Nokia Networks, as well as DS2, and has held faculty positions at Aalborg University, Denmark, and Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain.

KRZYSZTOF (KRIS) INIEWSKI, PHD, is managing R&D at Redlen Technologies Inc., a start-up company in Vancouver, Canada. Redlen's revolutionary production process for advanced semiconductor materials enables a new generation of more accurate, all-digital, radiation-based imaging solutions. Dr. Iniewski is also Executive Director of CMOS Emerging Technologies. In his career, Dr. Iniewski has held numerous faculty and management positions at the University of Toronto, University of Alberta, SFU, and PMC-Sierra Inc. He has published over 100 research papers in international journals and conferences, holds eighteen international patents, and has written and edited several books.