Contributors |
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xix | |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to smart polymers and their application |
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1 | (46) |
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1 | (2) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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2 Types of smart polymers |
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3 | (20) |
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2.1 Stimulus-responsive polymers |
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5 | (11) |
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2.2 Bioresponsive polymers |
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16 | (2) |
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2.3 Shape memory polymers |
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18 | (2) |
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2.4 Self-healing polymers |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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3 Application of smart polymers |
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23 | (11) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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3.4 Biosensors or actuators |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (13) |
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35 | (1) |
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35 | (12) |
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Chapter 2 Thermoresponsive polymers: Phase behavior, drug delivery, and biomedical applications |
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47 | (18) |
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47 | (1) |
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2 Thermoresponsive polymers |
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48 | (3) |
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2.1 Phase transition behaviors of thermoresponsive polymers |
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49 | (2) |
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3 Applications of thermoresponsive polymers in biomedical and drug delivery |
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51 | (8) |
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3.1 Thermoresponsive polymeric micelles |
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51 | (2) |
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3.2 Thermoresponsive nanoparticles |
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53 | (2) |
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3.3 Thermoresponsive liposomes |
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55 | (2) |
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3.4 Thermoresponsive hydrogels |
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57 | (2) |
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4 Conclusion and future prospects |
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59 | (6) |
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60 | (4) |
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64 | (1) |
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Chapter 3 pH-sensitive polymeric nanocarriers for enhanced intracellular drug delivery |
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65 | (44) |
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65 | (2) |
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2 pH-dependent cellular microenvironments |
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67 | (1) |
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3 Different strategies for the development of pH-sensitive polymeric nanocarriers |
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67 | (6) |
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3.1 pH-responsive linkages |
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67 | (1) |
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3.2 pH-sensitive nanomaterials |
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68 | (5) |
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4 Mechanism of drug release from pH-sensitive nanocarriers |
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73 | (1) |
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5 pH-responsive nanocarriers for drug delivery and targeting |
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73 | (19) |
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5.1 Small molecule drug delivery |
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73 | (14) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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5.4 Combination with photothermal/photodynamic therapy |
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91 | (1) |
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6 pH-responsive nanocarriers for disease diagnosis |
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92 | (6) |
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7 Challenges in the design of pH-sensitive nanocarriers |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (9) |
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100 | (9) |
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Chapter 4 Photoresponsive nanocarriers for the delivery of bioactives |
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109 | (20) |
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109 | (2) |
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2 Photoresponsiveness: Light as source for triggering drug release |
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111 | (3) |
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2.1 Photoresponsive biomaterials |
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112 | (1) |
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2.2 Response of chemical structure to the light sources |
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112 | (2) |
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3 Development of photosensitive nanocarriers |
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114 | (1) |
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4 Mechanisms of photoresponsive nanoparticles for drug release |
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114 | (3) |
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4.1 Drug release by NIR light |
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116 | (1) |
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4.2 Photothermal responsive |
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116 | (1) |
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5 Photoresponsive drug delivery nanocarriers |
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117 | (6) |
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117 | (1) |
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5.2 Polymeric nanobioconjugates |
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117 | (3) |
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5.3 Polymeric nanoparticles |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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5.7 Mesoporous silica nanoparticles |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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6 Conclusions and future prospects |
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123 | (6) |
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123 | (1) |
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123 | (6) |
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Chapter 5 Magnetically responsive polymeric gels and elastomeric system(s) for drug delivery |
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129 | (22) |
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129 | (2) |
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2 Polymer gels and elastomers |
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131 | (1) |
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3 Magnetic modulation of polymer gels and elastomers |
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132 | (5) |
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4 Transport phenomenon in magnetic drug delivery |
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137 | (1) |
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4.1 Convective transport in magnetic drug delivery |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (6) |
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5.1 Delivery of chemotherapeutic drugs to liver tumors |
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138 | (1) |
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5.2 Magnetic targeting of radioactivity |
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139 | (1) |
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5.3 Treatment of tumors with magnetically induced hyperthermia |
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140 | (2) |
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5.4 Magnetically enhanced gene therapy |
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142 | (1) |
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5.5 Magnetically responsive systems for the diagnosis of diseases |
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143 | (1) |
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6 Concluding remarks and future prognosis |
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144 | (7) |
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145 | (6) |
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Chapter 6 Bioadhesive and phase change polymers for drug delivery |
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151 | (36) |
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151 | (2) |
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2 Bioadhesive polymers in drug delivery |
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153 | (1) |
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3 Advantages of bioadhesive polymers in drug delivery |
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154 | (1) |
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4 Theories of bioadhesion |
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155 | (2) |
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4.1 The electrostatic theory |
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155 | (1) |
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4.2 The wettability theory |
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155 | (1) |
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4.3 The diffusion interpenetration theory |
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156 | (1) |
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4.4 The adsorption theory |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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5 Requirements for an ideal bioadhesive polymer |
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157 | (1) |
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6 Factors affecting the bioadhesive polymers |
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157 | (4) |
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6.1 Polymer-related factors |
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159 | (1) |
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6.2 Environmental factors |
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160 | (1) |
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6.3 Physiological factors |
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161 | (1) |
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7 Classification of bioadhesive polymers |
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161 | (2) |
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7.1 Classification based on polymer origin |
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161 | (1) |
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7.2 Classification based on solubility |
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162 | (1) |
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7.3 Classification based on polymer charge |
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162 | (1) |
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8 Commonly employed bioadhesive polymers in drug delivery |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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8.6 Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (8) |
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9.1 pH-responsive polymers |
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166 | (1) |
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9.2 Temperature/thermoresponsive polymers |
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166 | (1) |
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9.3 Light-responsive polymers |
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167 | (1) |
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9.4 Metabolite-responsive polymers |
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168 | (1) |
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9.5 Electric current-responsive polymers |
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169 | (1) |
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9.6 Ultrasound-responsive polymers |
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169 | (1) |
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9.7 Magnetic-responsive polymers |
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170 | (1) |
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9.8 Osmotic-responsive polymers |
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170 | (1) |
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9.9 Dual-/multiresponsive polymers |
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171 | (1) |
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10 Application of bioadhesive and phase change polymers in drug delivery |
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172 | (6) |
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10.1 Buccal drug delivery |
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172 | (1) |
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10.2 Ocular drug delivery |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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10.4 Gastrointestinal drug delivery |
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174 | (1) |
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10.5 Vaginal drug delivery |
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174 | (1) |
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10.6 Rectal drug delivery |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (9) |
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178 | (9) |
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Chapter 7 Block copolymer micelles as long-circulating drug vehicles |
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187 | (34) |
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187 | (1) |
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2 Design criteria of block copolymers for self-assembly of polymeric micelles |
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188 | (8) |
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189 | (1) |
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2.2 Critical micelle concentration |
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190 | (1) |
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2.3 Hydrophilic (corona-forming) blocks |
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191 | (2) |
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2.4 Hydrophobic (core forming) blocks |
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193 | (2) |
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2.5 Crystallinity of the core-forming blocks |
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195 | (1) |
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3 Micelle preparation method |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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3.2 Thin film hydration method |
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196 | (1) |
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3.3 Oil-in-water emulsion method |
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197 | (1) |
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3.4 Solid dispersion method |
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197 | (1) |
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4 General considerations and characteristics of micelles |
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197 | (6) |
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4.1 Drug partition coefficient |
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197 | (2) |
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4.2 Core-drug compatibility |
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199 | (2) |
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201 | (1) |
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201 | (2) |
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5 Synthesis of amphiphilic block copolymers possessing PEG chain for stealth effect |
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203 | (2) |
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6 Fate of polymeric systems upon systemic delivery |
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205 | (2) |
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6.1 Role of physical barriers |
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206 | (1) |
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6.2 Role of biological barriers |
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206 | (1) |
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7 Avoiding rapid clearance from systemic circulation |
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207 | (2) |
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7.1 Manipulating physical properties |
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208 | (1) |
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7.2 Manipulating chemical properties |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (10) |
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212 | (9) |
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Chapter 8 Polymer-drug conjugates: Origins, progress to date, and future directions |
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221 | (28) |
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221 | (1) |
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2 Advantages of polymer-drug conjugates |
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222 | (3) |
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3 Origins of polymer-drug conjugates |
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225 | (2) |
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4 Types of polymer-drug conjugates for drug targeting |
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227 | (3) |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (3) |
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5 Targeted vs nontargeted conjugates |
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230 | (1) |
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6 Approaches for designing the polymer-drug conjugates |
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231 | (2) |
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7 Gap between the current studies and clinical application for polymeric-drug conjugates |
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233 | (1) |
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8 Approaches for the enhancing the transportation of polymer-drug conjugates |
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233 | (1) |
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9 Clinical status of polymer-drug conjugates |
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234 | (1) |
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10 Future prospects of polymer-drug conjugates |
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234 | (15) |
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240 | (9) |
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Chapter 9 Molecularly imprinted polymers for drug delivery and biomedical applications |
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249 | (40) |
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249 | (1) |
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2 Concept behind the molecularly imprinted polymers |
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250 | (2) |
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3 Designing MIPs for drug delivery |
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252 | (4) |
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254 | (1) |
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3.2 Production limitations |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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4 MlP-based drug delivery systems |
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256 | (3) |
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5 Stimuli-responsive molecularly imprinted polymers |
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259 | (7) |
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6 MIPs for drug delivery and biomedical applications |
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266 | (9) |
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6.1 Targeted drug release |
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267 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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6.3 Gastrointestinal disorders |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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6.7 Biomedical application |
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272 | (1) |
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6.8 Molecular imaging and disease diagnosis |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (14) |
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277 | (12) |
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Chapter 10 Dendritic polymer macromolecular carriers for drug delivery |
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289 | (40) |
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290 | (2) |
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2 Properties of dendritic polymer macromolecular carriers |
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292 | (1) |
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3 Synthesis of dendrimers |
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293 | (2) |
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293 | (1) |
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293 | (1) |
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294 | (1) |
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4 Toxicity of dendritic polymer macromolecules |
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295 | (2) |
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295 | (1) |
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4.2 Hematological toxicity |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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296 | (1) |
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5 Types of dendritic polymer macromolecular carriers |
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297 | (8) |
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5.1 Functionality-based dendrimers |
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297 | (2) |
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5.2 Biodegradable dendrimers |
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299 | (1) |
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5.3 Stimuli-responsive dendrimers |
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300 | (5) |
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6 Drug delivery strategies |
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305 | (3) |
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305 | (2) |
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307 | (1) |
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6.3 Electrostatic interaction |
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307 | (1) |
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7 Applications of dendritic macromolecules |
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308 | (8) |
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7.1 Dendrimers in the delivery of anticancer agents |
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309 | (2) |
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7.2 Dendrimers in gene delivery |
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311 | (2) |
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7.3 Dendrimers in the delivery of antimicrobial agents |
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313 | (2) |
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7.4 Dendrimers in neurodegenerative diseases |
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315 | (1) |
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7.5 Miscellaneous drug delivery applications |
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316 | (1) |
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316 | (13) |
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317 | (12) |
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Chapter 11 Advances in hydrogel-based controlled drug-delivery systems |
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329 | (22) |
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329 | (1) |
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330 | (1) |
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331 | (1) |
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4 Classification of hydrogels |
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332 | (1) |
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5 Preparation of hydrogels |
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333 | (3) |
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6 Characterization of hydrogels |
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336 | (6) |
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6.1 Physicochemical characterization |
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336 | (4) |
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6.2 Morphological and structural characterization |
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340 | (1) |
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6.3 Thermal characterization |
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341 | (1) |
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7 Therapeutic application of hydrogels |
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342 | (4) |
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7.1 Hydrogels for the vision system |
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342 | (1) |
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7.2 Hydrogels for the small intestine |
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343 | (1) |
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7.3 Hydrogels for the skin |
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343 | (1) |
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7.4 Hydrogels for the colon |
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343 | (1) |
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7.5 Hydrogels for the respiratory system |
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344 | (1) |
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7.6 Hydrogels for drug-delivery to brain |
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344 | (1) |
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7.7 Advanced use of hydrogels for tissue engineering and tissue imaging |
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345 | (1) |
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8 Current research and future prospects |
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346 | (5) |
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346 | (5) |
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Chapter 12 Stimuli-responsive protein fibers for advanced applications |
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351 | (50) |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (4) |
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3 Various responsive systems |
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356 | (10) |
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3.1 pH-responsive systems |
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356 | (1) |
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3.2 Thermo-responsive systems |
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357 | (4) |
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3.3 Enzyme-responsive systems |
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361 | (1) |
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3.4 Light-responsive systems |
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362 | (1) |
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3.5 Ultrasound-responsive systems |
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363 | (3) |
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366 | (11) |
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4.1 RATEA-16 nanofibrillar hydrogel in the treatment of hyperglycemia |
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366 | (1) |
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4.2 IGF-1 functionalized peptide nanofibers for treatment of myocardial infarction |
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366 | (1) |
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4.3 PVNFKFLSH-hemopressin peptide for the treatment of atherosclerosis |
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367 | (1) |
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4.4 RATEA-16 polypeptide employed for wound healing |
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368 | (1) |
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4.5 RADA 16-I and RADA 16-mix in neuron repair and regeneration |
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369 | (1) |
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4.6 FDPC polypeptide for enhanced drug delivery in tumor therapy |
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370 | (1) |
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4.7 NF/PDGF-BB in myocardial protection |
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371 | (1) |
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4.8 PEG-Pep-TPE (FFKY) in synergistic chemotherapy |
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372 | (1) |
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4.9 Using BP-KLVFF-SWTLYTPSGQSK (BFS) to prevent tumor metastasis |
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373 | (1) |
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4.10 (Fbp-GDFDFDYD (E, S, or K)-ss-ERGD) as immune adjuvant in anticancer therapy |
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374 | (3) |
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377 | (4) |
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5.1 Silk/elastin/collagen-based polymers |
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377 | (2) |
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5.2 Polymeric micellar systems in clinical trials |
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379 | (2) |
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6 Applications of self-assembled peptide nanofibers |
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381 | (7) |
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6.1 Regenerative and reparative medicines |
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381 | (2) |
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6.2 Vaccine and immunotherapeutic |
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383 | (1) |
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6.3 Drug delivery systems |
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383 | (1) |
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6.4 Stimuli-responsive drug delivery |
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383 | (1) |
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384 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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6.7 Biosensors and biomaterials |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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6.9 Disease-specific study---Diagnosis and treatment |
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385 | (3) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (1) |
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8 Conclusion and future prospects |
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389 | (12) |
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390 | (11) |
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Chapter 13 Smart drug delivery systems and their clinical potential |
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401 | (36) |
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401 | (1) |
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2 Potential stimuli-responsive nanocarriers |
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402 | (5) |
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403 | (1) |
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403 | (1) |
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2.3 Polymeric nanoparticles |
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404 | (1) |
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404 | (1) |
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405 | (1) |
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2.6 Mesoporous silica nanoparticles |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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406 | (1) |
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2.9 Iron oxide nanoparticles |
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407 | (1) |
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3 Stimuli-responsive DDSs: Design, rationale, and types |
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407 | (17) |
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3.1 Endogenous/internal stimuli-responsive DDS |
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409 | (8) |
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3.2 Exogenous/external stimuli-responsive SDDs |
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417 | (7) |
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4 Dual/multistimuli-responsive DDSs |
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424 | (3) |
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5 Clinical scenario of stimuli-responsive DDS |
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427 | (1) |
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427 | (10) |
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429 | (1) |
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429 | (8) |
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Chapter 14 Novel biomimetic polymersomes as polymer therapeutics for drug delivery |
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437 | (28) |
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437 | (2) |
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1.1 Self-assembly and fabrication of polymersomes from amphiphilic block copolymers |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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4 Variants of polymersomes |
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440 | (5) |
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4.1 Peptide-based polymersomes |
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440 | (2) |
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4.2 Protein-based polymersomes |
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442 | (1) |
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4.3 Multicompartmentalized polymersomes |
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442 | (2) |
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4.4 Synthesis of photoresponsive block copolymers |
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444 | (1) |
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5 Chemistry and preparation of polymersomes |
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445 | (3) |
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446 | (1) |
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446 | (1) |
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5.3 Polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) |
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446 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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5.5 Emulsion phase transfer |
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447 | (1) |
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447 | (1) |
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6 Therapeutic applications |
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448 | (6) |
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6.1 Polymersomes as nanoreactors |
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448 | (1) |
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6.2 Polymersomes for medical applications |
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449 | (3) |
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452 | (1) |
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6.4 Nucleic acid delivery |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (10) |
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456 | (9) |
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Chapter 15 Bioinspired and biomimetic conjugated drug delivery system(s): A biohybrid concept combining cell(s) and drug delivery carrier(s) |
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465 | (20) |
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1 Bioinspired systems: An insight |
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465 | (1) |
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2 Methods for active drug delivery of bioconjugates |
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466 | (1) |
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3 Virus-inspired bioactive delivery systems |
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467 | (1) |
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467 | (1) |
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3.2 Virus-mimicking particles |
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468 | (1) |
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4 Mammalian cell-based bioactive delivery systems |
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468 | (2) |
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469 | (1) |
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|
469 | (1) |
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5 Cell-inspired bioactive delivery systems |
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470 | (2) |
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|
470 | (1) |
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|
471 | (1) |
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6 Polymer-based bioactive delivery systems |
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|
472 | (3) |
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|
474 | (1) |
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7 Bioactive(s) delivery via biomacromolecular systems |
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475 | (10) |
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475 | (1) |
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|
476 | (1) |
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|
477 | (1) |
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|
478 | (1) |
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|
478 | (7) |
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Chapter 16 Conductive polymers and composite-based systems: A quantum leap in the drug delivery arena and therapeutics |
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|
485 | (38) |
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485 | (2) |
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|
487 | (4) |
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2.1 Historical perspective |
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|
489 | (1) |
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2.2 Importance in drug delivery |
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|
490 | (1) |
|
3 Synthesis of conductive polymers (CPs) |
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|
491 | (1) |
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3.1 Electrochemical synthesis |
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|
491 | (1) |
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|
491 | (1) |
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|
491 | (3) |
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|
491 | (1) |
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|
492 | (1) |
|
4.3 Polythiophene and derivatives |
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|
492 | (2) |
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|
494 | (1) |
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6 Synthesis of CP composites |
|
|
494 | (1) |
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|
494 | (1) |
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|
494 | (1) |
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|
494 | (1) |
|
6.4 In situ polymerization |
|
|
495 | (1) |
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|
495 | (2) |
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7.1 Composites based on conjugated CPs |
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|
495 | (1) |
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7.2 Composites based on nonconjugated CPs |
|
|
496 | (1) |
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8 Applications of CPs and composites |
|
|
497 | (13) |
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8.1 CP architects for drug targeting and drug delivery |
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|
497 | (9) |
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8.2 For tissue engineering and regenerative medicine |
|
|
506 | (1) |
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8.3 As sensors for biologically important molecules |
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|
507 | (1) |
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8.4 For neural interfacing |
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|
508 | (2) |
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|
510 | (1) |
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|
511 | (12) |
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|
511 | (1) |
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|
512 | (1) |
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|
512 | (11) |
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Chapter 17 Nanomedicine: Principles, properties, and regulatory issues |
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|
523 | (44) |
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|
523 | (4) |
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2 Dynamic behavior of polymeric nanomedicine |
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|
527 | (4) |
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3 Preparation methods of polymeric nanomedicines |
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|
531 | (3) |
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3.1 Polymer precipitation methods |
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|
531 | (1) |
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3.2 Polymerization-based methods |
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|
532 | (1) |
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3.3 Amphiphilic macromolecule cross-linking |
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533 | (1) |
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533 | (1) |
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|
534 | (1) |
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3.6 High-pressure homogenization |
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|
534 | (1) |
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4 Characterization of polymeric nanomedicines |
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|
534 | (7) |
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4.1 Particle size distribution |
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|
534 | (1) |
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535 | (1) |
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|
536 | (1) |
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|
536 | (1) |
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537 | (1) |
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|
537 | (1) |
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4.7 Small angle X-ray diffraction (SAXS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
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4.8 Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
4.9 Drug entrapment and drug loading |
|
|
539 | (1) |
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4.10 In vitro release studies |
|
|
540 | (1) |
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5 Sterility and pyrogenicity |
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|
541 | (1) |
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6 Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics |
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|
542 | (1) |
|
7 Nanotoxicity and risk assessment |
|
|
543 | (1) |
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8 Challenges in the manufacturing scale-up and reproducibility |
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|
543 | (1) |
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|
544 | (8) |
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9.1 Need for nanomedicine regulations |
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|
544 | (1) |
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9.2 Regulatory challenges |
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|
545 | (2) |
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9.3 Regulatory perspective on the development of nanomedicines |
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|
547 | (1) |
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9.4 Regulatory development of next-gen nanomedicines |
|
|
548 | (1) |
|
9.5 Global trends on regulatory of nanomedicines |
|
|
549 | (3) |
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10 Example and list of currently approved polymeric nanomedicines released into the market |
|
|
552 | (15) |
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|
555 | (1) |
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|
555 | (1) |
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|
555 | (12) |
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Chapter 18 Polymer-matrix nanocomposites and its potential applications |
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|
567 | (18) |
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|
|
567 | (1) |
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2 Processing methods of polymer-matrix nanocomposites |
|
|
568 | (10) |
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2.1 Polymer employed for the fabrication of nanocomposites |
|
|
570 | (4) |
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2.2 Potential applications of polymer nanocomposite in health care |
|
|
574 | (4) |
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|
578 | (7) |
|
|
578 | (7) |
Index |
|
585 | |