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E-grāmata: Smart and Power Grid Systems Design Challenges and Paradigms [Taylor & Francis e-book]

Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Aalborg University, Denmark)
  • Formāts: 314 pages, 26 Tables, black and white; 1 Line drawings, black and white; 127 Halftones, color; 19 Halftones, black and white; 127 Illustrations, color; 20 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : River Publishers Series in Power
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Mar-2023
  • Izdevniecība: River Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781003339557
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Cena: 151,19 €*
  • * this price gives unlimited concurrent access for unlimited time
  • Standarta cena: 215,98 €
  • Ietaupiet 30%
  • Formāts: 314 pages, 26 Tables, black and white; 1 Line drawings, black and white; 127 Halftones, color; 19 Halftones, black and white; 127 Illustrations, color; 20 Illustrations, black and white
  • Sērija : River Publishers Series in Power
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Mar-2023
  • Izdevniecība: River Publishers
  • ISBN-13: 9781003339557
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
The Smart Grid represents an unprecedented opportunity to move the energy industry into a new era of reliability, availability, and efficiency that will contribute to our economic and environmental health. During the transition period, it will be critical to carry out testing, technology improvements, consumer education, development of standards and regulations, and information sharing between projects to ensure that the benefits we envision from the Smart Grid become a reality.

Today, an electricity disruption such as a blackout can have a domino effecta series of failures that can affect banking, communications, traffic, and security. This is a particular threat in the winter, when homeowners can be left without heat. A smarter grid will add resiliency to our electric power system and make it better prepared to address emergencies such as severe storms, earthquakes, large solar flares, and terrorist attacks. Because of its two-way interactive capacity, the Smart Grid will allow for automatic rerouting when equipment fails or outages occur. This will minimize outages and minimize the effects when they do happen. When a power outage occurs, Smart Grid technologies will detect and isolate the outages, containing them before they become large-scale blackouts. These new technologies will also help ensure that electricity recovery resumes quickly and strategically after an emergencyrouting electricity to emergency services first, for example. In addition, the Smart Grid will take greater advantage of customer-owned power generators to produce power when it is not available from utilities. By combining these "distributed generation" resources, a community could keep its health center, police department, traffic lights, phone system, and grocery stores operating during emergencies. In addition, the Smart Grid is a way to address an aging energy infrastructure that needs to be upgraded or replaced.

This book shows that Smart Grids can address energy efficiency, bring increased awareness to consumers about the connection between electricity use and the environment, and bring increased national security to our energy systemdrawing on greater amounts of home-grown electricity that is more resistant to natural disasters and attack.
Preface xv
List of Figures
xxiii
List of Tables
xxxi
List of Contributors
xxxiii
List of Abbreviations
xxxvii
1 Power Electronics in Smart Grid
1(20)
Padmanaban Sanjeevikumar
Mohammad Zand
Morteza Azimi Nasab
Mohsen Eskandari
Tina Samavat
Alireza Jahangiri
Mohammad H. Moradi
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Smart Grid, Components and Advantages
2(3)
1.2.1 Structure of Photovoltaic Intelligent Charging Station (PVCS) Based on SST Solid State Transformer
3(2)
1.3 Power Electronic Converters in Smart Grids
5(1)
1.4 Application of Power Electronic Technology in Smart Grid
6(3)
1.4.1 The Application of DC-AC and DC-AC Converters in SG
7(1)
1.4.2 The Application of HVDC Technology in Smart Grid
8(1)
1.4.3 The Application of FACTS Technology in Smart Grid
8(1)
1.5 CPS Attacks Mitigation Approaches on Power Electronic
9(5)
1.5.1 Architecture of Digitally-Controlled Power Electronic CPSs
10(4)
1.5.2 CPS Protection Vulnerabilities and the Applications of Power Electronics
14(1)
1.6 Conclusion
14(7)
1.6.1 Topology Detection and Cyber Attack
15(3)
1.6.2 Vulnerability Analysis of Cyber-attacks in the Control of Voltage Source Converters
18(1)
References
18(3)
2 Power Electronics in HVDC Transmission Systems
21(62)
Mehdi Abbasipour
Xiaodong Liang
Massimo Mitolo
2.1 Introduction
22(1)
2.2 HVDC Transmission Systems
22(11)
2.2.1 Brief Overview on HVDC Transmission Technologies
22(1)
2.2.1.1 Back-to-Back HVDC transmission
23(1)
2.2.1.2 Point-to-Point HVDC transmission
23(1)
2.2.1.3 Multi-Terminal HVDC grids
24(3)
2.2.2 HVDC Configurations
27(1)
2.2.2.1 Monopolar
27(1)
2.2.2.2 Bipolar
28(2)
2.2.2.3 Homopolar
30(1)
2.2.2.4 Hybrid
31(1)
2.2.3 Power Electronics Converters in HVDC Transmission Systems
31(2)
2.3 Power Converters
33(25)
2.3.1 Voltage Source Converters
33(1)
2.3.1.1 Two-level VSCs
34(1)
2.3.1.2 Multilevel converters
35(1)
2.3.1.2.1 Monolithic multilevel converters
36(12)
2.3.2 Current Source Converters
48(1)
2.3.2.1 Multipulse CSCs
49(2)
2.3.2.2 Modular current source converters
51(1)
2.3.2.2.1 Power electronics current source SMs
51(2)
2.3.2.2.2 Conventional MCSCs
53(1)
2.3.2.2.3 Modular multilevel current source converters
54(1)
2.3.2.2.4 Hybrid MCSCs
55(1)
2.3.3 Hybrid Current and Voltage Source Converters
56(2)
2.4 DC/DC Converters
58(14)
2.4.1 Isolated DC/DC Converters
59(1)
2.4.1.1 Flyback/Forward-based
59(1)
2.4.1.2 DAB
60(1)
2.4.1.2.1 Two-level DAB
60(1)
2.4.1.2.2 Cascaded DAB multilevel converter
61(1)
2.4.1.2.3 DAB-MMC
62(5)
2.4.2 Non Isolated DC/DC Converters
67(1)
2.4.2.1 DC autotransformer
68(1)
2.4.2.2 Transformerless
68(1)
2.4.2.2.1 Resonant DC/DC converters
68(4)
2.5 DC Power Flow Controllers
72(4)
2.5.1 SDC-PFC
73(1)
2.5.2 CDC-PFCs
74(1)
2.5.3 IDC-PFCs
75(1)
2.6 Conclusion
76(7)
References
77(6)
3 Optimal Multi-Objective Energy Management of Renewable Distributed Integration in Smart Distribution Grids Considering Uncertainties
83(34)
M. Zellagui
N. Belbachir
S. Settoul
C. Z. El-Bayeh
3.1 Introduction
85(2)
3.2 Uncertainty Modeling of RDG Source
87(4)
3.2.1 Modeling of Load Demand Uncertainty
87(1)
3.2.2 Modeling of Solar DG Uncertainty
87(3)
3.2.3 Wind Turbine DG Uncertainty Modeling
90(1)
3.3 Multi Objective Indices Evaluation
91(2)
3.3.1 Multi Objective Indices
91(1)
3.3.2 Equality Constraints
92(1)
3.3.3 Distribution Line Constraints
92(1)
3.3.4 RDG Constraints
93(1)
3.4 Distribution Test System
93(1)
3.5 Analysis Results and Comparison
93(17)
3.6 Conclusion
110(7)
References
111(6)
4 Security Challenges in Smart Grid Management
117(18)
S. Nithya
K. Vijayalakshmi
M. Parimala Devi
4.1 Introduction
118(1)
4.2 The Demand for a Smart Grid
118(1)
4.3 Benefits of Smart Grid
119(1)
4.4 Smart Grid Operation
120(1)
4.5 Smart Grid Security Challenges
121(1)
4.6 Literature Review
121(1)
4.7 Key Points that Require Special Attention
122(5)
4.7.1 Requirements for Data and Information Security
122(1)
4.7.2 Extensive use of "Smart" Devices
122(1)
4.7.3 Grid Perimeter and Physical Security
123(1)
4.7.4 Protocols of a Legacy and (in) Secure Communication
123(1)
4.7.5 Many Stakeholders and Synergies with other Services
124(1)
4.7.6 A Lack of Clarity about the Smart Grid Concept and its Security Requirements
125(1)
4.7.7 Lack of Awareness among Smart Grid Stakeholders
125(1)
4.7.8 Supply Chain Security
125(1)
4.7.9 Encourage the Interchange of Risk, Vulnerability, and Threat Information
126(1)
4.7.10 International Cooperation
126(1)
4.7.11 Utility Security Management
127(1)
4.8 Smart Grid Security Policies
127(1)
4.8.1 Confidentiality
127(1)
4.8.2 Integrity
127(1)
4.8.3 Availability
127(1)
4.8.4 Accountability
128(1)
4.9 Corrective Strategies to Improve Smart Grid Protection
128(1)
4.10 Important Areas to Safeguard the Grid
128(3)
4.10.1 Powerful Digital Identities
128(1)
4.10.2 Mutual Verification
129(1)
4.10.3 Encryption
129(1)
4.10.4 Continuous Security Updates
130(1)
4.11 Conclusion
131(4)
References
132(3)
5 Differential Protection Scheme along with Backup Blockchain System for DC Microgrid
135(22)
E. Fantin Irudaya Raj
K. Manimala
M. Appadurai
5.1 Introduction
136(3)
5.2 DCMicrogrids
139(2)
5.2.1 Various Power Sources in DC Microgrids
140(1)
5.2.2 Energy Storage Systems in DC Microgrids
141(1)
5.2.3 Power Converters used in DC Microgrids
141(1)
5.3 Challenges in Protection of Smart Grid
141(1)
5.3.1 Protection from Cyber-Attacks
142(1)
5.3.2 Converters with a Low Tolerance
142(1)
5.3.3 Inefficacy of AC Circuit Breakers
142(1)
5.3.4 Fault Current in both Directions
142(1)
5.4 Cyber Attacks
142(3)
5.4.1 Network security cyber attacks
143(1)
5.4.2 GOOSE and SV Messages
144(1)
5.5 Blockchain
145(1)
5.6 Blockchain-Based DC Microgrid Protection Approach
146(3)
5.6.1 Differential Fault Identification
146(3)
5.6.2 Blockchain-based Backup and Protection System
149(1)
5.7 Results and Discussion
149(4)
5.7.1 Detecting and Isolating the Faults without Considering Cyber-Attack
150(1)
5.7.2 Detecting and Isolating Faults when considering a Cyber-Attack
151(2)
5.8 Conclusion
153(4)
References
153(4)
6 Planning Active Distribution Systems Using Microgrid Formation
157(28)
Shah Mohammad Rezwanul Haque Shawon
Xiaodong Liang
Massimo Mitolo
6.1 Introduction
157(2)
6.2 Step 1: Defining the Objectives
159(3)
6.3 Step 2: Defining the Microgrid Topology
162(1)
6.4 Step 3: System Modeling
163(5)
6.4.1 Modeling of DGs
163(1)
6.4.1.1 Dispatchable DG model
163(1)
6.4.1.1.1 Diesel engine model
163(1)
6.4.1.1.2 Micro turbine model
164(1)
6.4.1.2 Nondispatchable DG model
164(1)
6.4.1.2.1 PV modeling
165(1)
6.4.1.2.2 Wind turbine modeling
166(1)
6.4.2 Load Modeling
167(1)
6.4.3 Energy Storage System Modeling
168(1)
6.5 Step 4: Network Optimization
168(4)
6.5.1 Power Flow
171(1)
6.5.2 Demand Response
172(1)
6.6 Switch Placement
172(5)
6.6.1 Objectives of Switch Placement
174(2)
6.6.2 Methodology of Switch Placement
176(1)
6.6.3 Discussion
177(1)
6.7 Conclusion
177(8)
References
178(7)
7 Overview on Reliability of PV Inverters in Grid-connected Applications
185(26)
Ranjith Kumar Gatla
N.V.K. Prasad
P. Sridhar
Jianghua Lu
Devineni Gireesh Kumar
7.1 Introduction
186(2)
7.2 Power Converters for PV Systems
188(3)
7.3 Basic Principles of Reliability
191(2)
7.3.1 Failure Rate
191(1)
7.3.2 Mean Time to Failure (MTTF)
192(1)
7.3.3 Mean Time to Repair (MTTR)
192(1)
7.3.4 Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF)
193(1)
7.4 Power Module Reliability
193(4)
7.4.1 Reliability Analysis of IGBT Module
194(3)
7.5 Capacitor Reliability
197(2)
7.6 Lifetime Estimation Methods
199(4)
7.6.1 Parts Stress Method
199(1)
7.6.2 Lifetime Prediction Methods of Power Devices
200(1)
7.6.2.1 Coffin-Manson Lifetime Model
200(1)
7.6.2.2 Coffin-Manson-Arrhenius Lifetime Model
200(1)
7.6.2.3 Norris-Landzberg Lifetime Model
200(1)
7.6.2.4 Semikorn Lifetime Model
201(1)
7.6.2.5 Bayerer Lifetime Model
201(1)
7.6.3 Lifetime Prediction Methods of DC-Link Capacitors
202(1)
7.7 Conclusion
203(8)
References
204(7)
8 Energy Storage
211(26)
Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban
Mohammad Zand
Morteza Azimi Nasab
Mohamadmahdi Shahbazi
Heshmatallah Nourizadeh
8.1 Introduction
211(2)
8.2 Installed Capacity in the World
213(1)
8.3 Application of Energy Storage Devices
214(1)
8.4 Classification of Energy Storage Devices
215(4)
8.4.1 A Variety of Storage Technologies in the Supply Chain to Consume Electricity
216(1)
8.4.2 Electrical storage technologies
216(3)
8.5 Superconducting Magnetic Storage (SMES)
219(1)
8.6 Mechanical Storage Method
220(4)
8.6.1 Storage Pump
220(1)
8.6.2 Compressed Air Storage
221(2)
8.6.3 Flight Wheel Storage
223(1)
8.7 Thermal Storage Method
224(2)
8.7.1 Reasonable Thermal Energy Storage Systems
225(1)
8.7.2 Sensible thermal energy storage systems
226(1)
8.8 Chemical Storage Method
226(6)
8.8.1 Chemical Storage Systems with Internal Storage
226(1)
8.8.1.1 Hydrogen storage system (HES)
226(2)
8.8.1.2 GAT power system: Artificial natural gas methanation
228(1)
8.8.1.3 Current batteries
228(1)
8.8.2 Chemical Storage Systems with External Storage
229(1)
8.8.2.1 Lithium-ion battery
229(1)
8.8.2.2 Lead-acid battery
230(1)
8.8.2.3 High-temperature batteries (sulfur - sodium)
231(1)
8.8.2.4 Nickel (nickel-cadmium) battery
232(1)
8.8.2.5 Status of energy storage technologies
232(1)
8.9 Storage Cost
232(1)
8.10 Criteria for Determining Appropriate Energy Storage Technologies
233(4)
References
234(3)
9 A Comprehensive Review of Techniques for Enhancing Lifetime of Wireless Sensor Network
237(16)
Raj Gaurang Tiwari
Alok Misra
Ambuj Kumar Agarwal
Vikas Khullar
9.1 Introduction
238(2)
9.1.1 Scalability
238(1)
9.1.2 Routing
238(1)
9.1.3 Quality of Service
239(1)
9.1.4 Safety Measures
239(1)
9.1.5 Energy/Power Preservation
239(1)
9.1.6 Node Collaboration
239(1)
9.1.7 Interoperation
239(1)
9.2 Intricacy while Deployment of Manet
240(1)
9.3 Wireless Sensor Networks
240(2)
9.3.1 Sensor Network Communication Architecture
241(1)
9.4 Coverage Problem in Sensor Network
242(1)
9.5 Lifetime Maximization of Wireless Sensor Networks
243(3)
9.6 Overview of Optimization Techniques Employed to Maximize
246(2)
9.7 Conclusion
248(5)
References
248(5)
10 Soft Open Points in Active Distribution Systems
253(34)
Md Abu Saaklayen
Xiaodong Liang
Sherif O. Faried
Massimo Mitolo
10.1 Introduction
253(1)
10.2 Basic Concept of SOP
254(4)
10.2.1 Benefits of SOPs
256(2)
10.3 Comparison of SOPs with other Power Electronic Devices
258(2)
10.4 Principle and Modeling of SOPs in Active Distribution Networks
260(4)
10.4.1 Mathematical Modeling of SOPs in Active Distribution Networks
263(1)
10.5 Classification of Existing SOP Configurations
264(3)
10.5.1 Two-Terminal Soft Open Points
264(1)
10.5.2 Multi-Terminal Soft Open Points
265(1)
10.5.3 Soft Open Points with Energy Storage
266(1)
10.5.4 DC Soft Open Points
267(1)
10.6 Planning for Sizing and Placement of SOPs in Distribution Networks
267(5)
10.6.1 SOP Coordinated Optimization
270(1)
10.6.1.1 SOP Coordinated Optimization in Balanced Distribution Networks
270(1)
10.6.1.2 SOP Coordinated Optimization in Unbalanced Distribution Networks
271(1)
10.7 Operation of SOPs in Distribution Networks
272(7)
10.7.1 Operation of SOPs under Normal Conditions
272(1)
10.7.1.1 Control Block Diagram for Power Flow Control Mode Operation of SOPs
273(2)
10.7.2 Operation of SOP during Abnormal Condition (Supply Restoration)
275(1)
10.7.2.1 Control Block Diagram for Supply Restoration Mode of SOPs
276(1)
10.7.2.2 Supply Restoration Approaches Using SOPs
276(3)
10.8 Conclusion and Future Research Direction
279(8)
References
279(8)
11 Future Advances in Wind Energy Engineering
287(22)
Biswajit Mohapatra
11.1 Introduction
288(3)
11.1.1 Airborne Wind Energy
288(1)
11.1.1.1 Ground-Gen airborne wind energy systems
288(2)
11.1.1.2 Fly-Gen airborne wind energy systems
290(1)
11.2 Offshore Floating Wind Concepts
291(2)
11.2.1 Floating hybrid energy platforms
292(1)
11.3 Smart Rotors Technology
293(3)
11.3.1 Passive and active control systems
294(1)
11.3.2 Degree of development, challenges and potential of smart rotors
294(2)
11.4 Wind Turbine with TIP Rotors
296(2)
11.5 Multi Rotor Wind Turbine
298(1)
11.6 Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbines
299(2)
11.7 Other Small Wind Turbine Technologies
301(1)
11.8 Wind Induced Energy Harvesting from Aeroelastic Phenomena
302(7)
References
305(4)
Index 309(2)
About the Editors 311
Dr Kolla Bhanu Prakash works as Professor and Research Group Head in the CSE Department, K L University, Vijayawada, Andhra Pradesh, India. He received his MSc and MPhil in Physics from Acharya Nagarjuna University, Guntur, India, and his MEng and PhD in Computer Science Engineering from Sathyabama University, Chennai, India. Dr Prakash has 15+ years of experience working in academia, research, teaching and academic administration. His current research interests include AI, deep learning, data science, smart grids, cyber-physical systems, cryptocurrency, block-chain technology and image processing. Dr Prakash is an IEEE Senior Member. He is also Fellow-ISRD, Treasurer - ACM Amaravathi Chapter, India, LMISTE, MIAENG, SMIRED. He has reviewed more than 130 peer reviewed journals indexed in Publons. He has been editor for 6 books for Elsevier, CRC Press, Springer, Wiley and Degryuter publishers. He has published 75 research papers, 6 patents, 7 books, has had 4 books accepted. His Scopus H-index is 14. He is a frequent editorial board member and TPC member for flagship conferences and refereed journals. He is reviewer for the IEEE Access journal, Springer Nature, Inderscience Publishers, Applied Soft Computing Journal (Elsevier), Wireless Networks Journal, IET journals, KSII journal and IEEE Computer Society journals. He is Series Editor of Next Generation Computing & Communication Engineering (Wiley); currently 5 book agreements have been signed under this series. He is series editor for Industry 5.0: Artificial Intelligence, Cyber-Physical Systems, Mechatronics and Smart Grids (CRC ).



Dr Sanjeevikumar Padmanaban (Member 2012Senior Member 2015, IEEE) received his bachelor's degree in electrical engineering from the University of Madras, Chennai, India, in 2002, his master's degree (Hons.) in electrical engineering from Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India, in 2006, and his PhD degree in electrical engineering from the University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy, in 2012. He was an Associate Professor with VIT University from 2012 to 2013. In 2013, he joined the National Institute of Technology, India, as a Faculty Member. In 2014, he was invited to be a Visiting Researcher at the Department of Electrical Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar, funded by the Qatar National Research Foundation (Government of Qatar). He continued his research activities with the Dublin Institute of Technology, Dublin, Ireland, in 2014. Further, he served as an Associate Professor with the Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa, from 2016 to 2018. Since 2018, he has been a Faculty Member with the Department of Energy Technology, Aalborg University, Esbjerg, Denmark. He has authored over 300 scientific papers. Dr Padmanaban was the recipient of the Best Paper cum Most Excellence Research Paper Award from IET-SEISCON'13, IET-CEAT'16, IEEE-EECSI'19, IEEE-CENCON'19 and five best paper awards from ETAEERE'16 sponsored Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, Springer book. He is a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers, India, the Institution of Electronics and Telecommunication Engineers, India, and the Institution of Engineering and Technology, UK. He is an Editor/Associate Editor/Editorial Board Member for refereed journals, in particular the IEEE Systems Journal, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, IEEE ACCESS, IET Power Electronics, IET Electronics Letters, and Wiley-International Transactions on Electrical Energy Systems, Subject Editorial Board Member for Energy SourcesEnergies Journal, MDPI, and the Subject Editor for the IET Renewable Power Generation, IET Generation, Transmission and Distribution, and FACTS journal (Canada).



Dr Massimo Mitolo received his PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Napoli Federico II, Italy. He is a Fellow of IEEE for contributions to the electrical safety of low-voltage systems, and a Fellow of the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET) of London (UK). He is a registered Professional Engineer in the state of California and in Italy. Dr Mitolo is currently a Full Professor of Electrical Engineering at Irvine Valley College, Irvine, CA, USA, and a Senior Consultant in the matter of failure analysis and electrical safety with Engineering Systems Inc., ESi. Dr Mitolo has authored over 150 journal papers and the books Electrical Safety of Low-Voltage Systems (McGraw-Hill), Laboratory Manual for Introduction to Electronics: A Basic Approach (Pearson), and Analysis of Grounding and Bonding Systems (CRC Press). Professor Mitolos research and industrial experience are in analysis and grounding of power systems, and electrical safety engineering. He is currently the deputy Editor-in-Chief of IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications. He is active within the Industrial and Commercial Power Systems Department of the IEEE Industry Applications Society (IAS) in numerous committees and working groups. The recipient of the IEEE Region 6 2015 Outstanding Engineer Award, Dr Mitolo has earned nine best paper awards, numerous achievements and recognitions, among which are the IEEE Ralph H. Lee I&CPS Department Prize Paper Award, the IEEE I&CPS 2015 Department Achievement Award, and the James E. Ballinger Engineer of the Year 2013 Award from the Orange County Engineering Council.