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E-grāmata: Social Influence: Direct and Indirect Processes

(University of New South Wales), (Purdue University)
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Social influence processes play a key role in human behavior. Arguably our extraordinary evolutionary success has much to do with our subtle and highly developed ability to interact with and influence each other. In this volume, leading international researchers review and integrate contemporary theory and research on the many ways people influence each other, considering both explicit, direct, and implicit, indirect influence strategies. Three sections examine fundamental processes and theory in social influence research, the role of cognitive processes and strategies in social influence phenomena, and the operation of social influence mechanisms in group settings. By applying the latest research to a wide range of interpersonal phenomena, this volume greatly advances our understanding of social influence mechanisms in strategic social interaction, and should be of interest to all students, researchers and practitioners interested in the dynamics of everyday interpersonal behavior.

Recenzijas

"This Sydney Symposium volume, the third in a series, showcases the best research done by a collection of stellar scholars in social influence. Collectively, they offer an integration and re-conceptualization of social influence phenomena, and help readers appreciate how these phenomena permeate myriad aspects of social thinking and social behavior." - Elizabeth Loftus, University of Washington

About the Editors xiii
Contributors xv
Preface xvii
I. SOCIAL INFLUENCE: FUNDAMENTAL PROCESSES AND THEORIES
Social Influence: Introduction and Overview
3(22)
Joseph P. Forgas
Kipling D. Williams
Social Influence in Social Psychology
5(2)
Social Influence and Social Integration
7(2)
Social Influence: Some Historical Antecedents
9(3)
Outline of the book
12(1)
Part I. Social Influence: Fundamental Processes and Theories
12(4)
Part II. The Role of Cognitive Processes and Strategies in Social Influence
16(3)
Part III. Social Influence and Group Behavior
19(3)
Conclusion
22(3)
Systematic Opportunism: An Approach to the Study of Tactical Social Influence
25(16)
Robert B. Cialdini
Systematic Personal Observation
26(2)
Imagining Makes It So
28(2)
Study 1: When Imagining Makes It So
30(3)
Full-Cycle Social Psychology: One More Turn
33(3)
Study 2: When Imagining Makes It Worse
36(1)
Conclusion
37(4)
Increasing Compliance by Reducing Resistance
41(20)
Eric S. Knowles
Shannon Butler
Jay A. Linn
Approach-Avoidance Conflict Model of Persuasion
42(1)
Two Targets for Social Influence
42(1)
Relationship to Other
Chapters
43(1)
Nature of Resistance
44(1)
Resistance and Social Influence
45(1)
Strategy 1: Sidestepping Resistance
46(1)
Strategy 2: Directly Reducing Resistance
47(1)
Strategy 3: Disrupting Resistance
48(8)
Strategy 4: Turning Resistance from an Adversary into an Ally
56(1)
Conclusion
57(4)
Successfully Simulating Dynamic Social Impact: Three Levels of Prediction
61(18)
Bibb Latane
Martin J. Bourgeois
An Empirically-Based Theory of Individual Behavior
62(1)
Simulations Predict Emergent Group-Level Phenomena
62(2)
Self-Organization in the Real World
64(1)
Self Organization in the Psychology Laboratory
65(1)
Other Forms of Social Influence
66(2)
CAPSIM: A New Generation of Simulations
68(7)
Conclusion
75(4)
Unintended Influence: Social-Evolutionary Processes in the Construction and Change of Culturally-Shared Beliefs
79(16)
Mark Schaller
Social-Evolutionary Processes and the Epidemiology of Cultural Norms
79(2)
Communicability and the Contents of Culturally-Shared Beliefs
81(1)
What Makes Something ``Communicable''?
82(1)
The Perception of Popularity and its Consequences
83(2)
Strategic Discourse and its Consequences
85(1)
The Desire for Epistemic Comfort and its Consequences
86(3)
Some Additional Implications
89(6)
Automatic Social Influence: The Perception-Behavior Links as an Explanatory Mechanism for Behavior Matching
95(14)
Ap Dijksterhuis
Matching of Elementary Behavior
97(2)
Matching of More Complex Behavior
99(3)
Ideomotor Action and Neuropsychological Evidence
102(2)
From Stereotypes to Motor Programs
104(1)
Conclusion
105(4)
Social Power, Influence, and Aggression
109(20)
James T. Tedeschi
Assumptions of the Social Interactionist Perspective
110(1)
Conceptualization of Coercive Actions
111(4)
Social Control Motivation
115(3)
The Justice Motive
118(3)
Self Presentation and Coercion
121(3)
Conclusion
124(5)
II. THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE PROCESSES AND STRATEGIES IN SOCIAL INFLUENCE
Subtle Influences on Judgment and Behavior: Who is Most Susceptible?
129(18)
Richard E- Petty
Effects of Overt Head Movements on Attitudes
130(4)
Effects of Cognitive Priming on Behavior
134(3)
Effects of Mild Emotional States on Judgments, Attitudes, and Behavior
137(2)
Are the Biasing Effects Under High Thought Conditions Inevitable?
139(4)
Conclusion
143(4)
On Being Moody but Influential: The Role of Affect in Social Influence Strategies
147(20)
Joseph P. Forgas
Conceptual Background
148(1)
Background Research on Affect and Social Influence
149(4)
Affect and Social Influence Strategies: The Empirical Evidence
153(6)
Affective Influences on the Use of Requests
159(1)
The Role of Affect in Perceiving Social Situations and Responding to Social Influence
160(2)
Affect Infusion in Planned Strategic Encounters
162(1)
Conclusion
163(4)
Memory as a Target of Social Influence?: Memory Distortions as a Function of Social Influence and Metacognitive Knowledge
167(18)
Herbert Bless
Fritz Strack
Eva Walther
Applying Social Comparison to Memory
168(2)
Increasing and Decreasing Uncertainty by Metacognitive Knowledge
170(1)
Experiment 1: The Moderating Role of Item Salience
170(3)
Experiment 2: Suboptimal Encoding Conditions as a Facilitator of Social Influence
173(2)
Experiment 3: The Effects of Group Size and Dissenters
175(3)
Experiment 4: Normative Versus Informative Influence
178(1)
Conclusion
179(6)
Influencing through the Power of Language
185(14)
Sik Nung Ng
Influencing and its Effects on the Influence
186(3)
Links between Power and Language: The Big Five
189(3)
Using Language to Create Influence: Group and Intergroup Processes
192(3)
Conclusion
195(4)
Resisting Influence: Judgmental Correction and its Goals
199(14)
Fritz Strack
Thomas Mussweiler
Experiment 1: Correction Without New Information
202(2)
Experiment 2: Correction With and Without New Information
204(2)
Experiment 3: Correction in Pursuit of Different Correctional Goals
206(1)
General Discussion
207(1)
Conclusion
208(5)
Revealing the Worst First: Stealing Thunder as a Social Influence Strategy
213(22)
Kipling D. Williams
Lara Dolnik
Should Stealing Thunder Work?
215(1)
First Empirical Investigations
216(1)
The Generality of the Stealing Thunder Tactic
217(2)
Boundary Conditions and Possible Explanations
219(8)
Stealing Thunder and the Central and Peripheral Routes to Persuasion
227(1)
Conclusion
228(7)
III. SOCIAL INFLUENCE AND GROUP BEHAVIOR
Social Influence and Intergroup Beliefs: The Role of Perceived Social Consensus
235(18)
Charles Stangor
Gretchen B. Sechrist
John T. Jost
Stereotyping and Consensus
236(1)
Theories of Social Influence
237(3)
Empirical Research
240(1)
Research from Our Lab
241(6)
Conclusion
247(6)
Attitudes, Behavior, and Social Context: The Role of Norms and Group Membership in Social Influence Processes
253(18)
Deborah J. Terry
Michael A. Hogg
Social Identity Self-Categorization Theories and Attitude-Behavior Relations
254(3)
Group Norms, Group Salience, and Attitude Accessibility
257(3)
Group Norms, Group Salience, and Mode of Behavioral Decision-Making
260(3)
Intergroup Attitudes, Ingroup Norms, and Discriminatory Behavior
263(4)
Conclusion
267(4)
Social Influence Effects on Task Performance: The Ascendancy of Social Evaluation Over Self-Evaluation
271(22)
Stephen G. Harkins
The Paradigm
274(1)
Do-Your-Best Paradigm
275(6)
The Goal Setting Paradigm
281(6)
Research Summary
287(1)
Possible Motives Underlying These Effects
288(1)
Individual Versus Group Performance
289(1)
Conclusion
290(3)
Self-Categorization Principles Underlying Majority and Minority Influence
293(22)
Barbara David
John C. Turner
Minorities as Outgroups
298(2)
Social Context, Recategorization, and Minority Conversion
300(3)
Uncertainty and the Cognitive Processing of Majority and Minority Messages
303(7)
Conclusion
310(5)
Determinants and Consequences of Cognitive Processes in Majority and Minority Influence
315(16)
Robin Martin
Miles Hewstone
Empirical Studies
319(8)
Conclusion
327(4)
A Side View of Social Influence
331(20)
Russell Spears
Tom Postmes
Martin Lea
Susan E. Watt
Self-categorization: An Integration of Group and Cognitive Bases of Social Influence?
333(2)
The SIDE Model
335(3)
Extending SIDE to Computer-Mediated Communication
338(8)
Conclusion
346(5)
Author Index 351(10)
Subject Index 361
Joseph P. Forgas (Author) ,  Kipling D. Williams (PhD, Department of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University) (Author)