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Social Science: An Introduction to the Study of Society 17th edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 512 pages, height x width: 254x203 mm, weight: 1034 g, 8 Tables, black and white; 44 Line drawings, black and white; 137 Halftones, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Mar-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 113832826X
  • ISBN-13: 9781138328266
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Social Science: An Introduction to the Study of Society 17th editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 512 pages, height x width: 254x203 mm, weight: 1034 g, 8 Tables, black and white; 44 Line drawings, black and white; 137 Halftones, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Mar-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 113832826X
  • ISBN-13: 9781138328266
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781138328266.html
Keywords:

Now in its seventeenth edition, Social Science: An Introduction to the Study of Society approaches its study from a common-sense perspective, rather than a formalistic perspective more common in social science. Readers will see how seemingly diverse disciplines intermingle and connect to one another – anthropology and economics, for example. The goal of the book is to teach students critical thinking and problem-solving skills that will allow them to approach social issues in an objective and informed way.

New to this edition are significant updates on:

  • The election of Donald Trump and the emergence of related populist movements
  • Trade policy and health care
  • Issues involving migration and immigration
  • Emerging developments in artificial intelligence
  • Comparisons between cultural and biological evolution
  • Examples, data, recommended readings, and internet questions
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
PART I Introduction
1(66)
Chapter 1 Social Science and Its Methods
1(22)
Social Science
4(2)
Social Science as a System of Rules
6(2)
The Scientific Method and Its Application
8(3)
Methodology and the Social Sciences
11(2)
The Methods of Social Science
13(1)
An Example of the Social Science Method
14(1)
Other Social Science Methods
15(1)
Educated Common Sense in the Social Sciences
16(1)
The Use of Statistics
17(1)
The Interdisciplinary Approach
18(1)
The Impartial Spectator and the Veil of Ignorance
18(1)
Values, Terminology, and Rhetoric
19(1)
Conclusion
20(1)
Key Points
20(1)
Some Important Terms
21(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
21(1)
For Further Study
22(1)
Appendix Historical Roots of Social Science
23(3)
The Enlightenment
24(1)
From Philosophy to Social Science
25(1)
Some Important Terms
25(1)
Chapter 2 Human Origins
26(20)
The Origin of the Human Species
27(1)
Darwin and the Theory of Evolution
27(3)
Recent Developments in Genetics
30(2)
Some Implications of Recent Developments
32(1)
Sociobiology
32(1)
Punctuated Equilibrium versus Gradual Change
33(2)
The Evolution of Human Beings
35(1)
Science, Faith, and Controversy
35(1)
Predecessors of Modern Humans
36(3)
DNA Evidence and the Descent of Humans
39(4)
Conclusion
43(1)
Key Points
44(1)
Some Important Terms
44(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
44(1)
For Further Study
45(1)
Chapter 3 Origins of Western Society
46(21)
From the Stone Age to the Agricultural Age
46(1)
Early Civilizations
47(1)
The Cradle of Modern Civilization: Mesopotamia and Egypt
47(2)
Development of Greek Civilization
49(1)
The Persian Empire
50(2)
Roman Civilization
52(2)
The Middle Ages (a d. 476-1453)
54(3)
The Renaissance
57(2)
The Development of Modern Economic and Political Institutions
59(1)
From Serfdom to Mercantilism
60(1)
The Emergence of Nation-States
61(1)
The Industrial and Political Revolutions of the 1750s to the 1850s
62(1)
Learning to Live Together
63(1)
Conclusion
64(1)
Key Points
64(1)
Some Important Terms
64(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
64(1)
For Further Study
65(2)
PART II Culture and the Individual
Chapter 4 Society, Culture, and Cultural Change
67(21)
Culture and Multiculturalism
68(1)
Multiculturalism
68(1)
The Shared Beliefs in Culture
69(1)
Culture and the Nature of Society
70(1)
Culture and Its Role in Human Societies
70(1)
The Elements of Culture
70(3)
Cultural Integration
73(1)
Culture, Society, and Social Change
74(1)
Popular Theories of Social Change
75(1)
Factors Causing Cultural Change
76(3)
Language and Cultural Change
79(1)
Factors Stabilizing Culture
79(1)
Social Change versus Social Stability
80(1)
Social Change and Social Problems
80(1)
Cultural Lag and Social Problems
81(1)
Limitations of the Cultural Lag Theory
82(1)
Contrasts among Cultures
83(1)
The Interaction of Humans and Society
83(1)
Cultural Relativism
84(1)
Approach to the Study of Society
85(1)
Key Points
85(1)
Some Important Terms
85(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
86(1)
For Further Study
86(2)
Chapter 5 Geography, Demography, Ecology, and Society
88(16)
Geography
88(2)
Demography
90(1)
Population Estimates
90(1)
Determinants of Population Growth
90(2)
The Growth of Population over Time
92(1)
The Problem of Counting
93(1)
The Malthusian Theory
94(1)
The Concept of Optimal Population
95(1)
The Question of Population Quality
96(1)
Ecology: The Interaction of Geography, Demography, and Environment
97(1)
The Ecological Balance
97(1)
Pollution
98(2)
Conservation and the Price of Gasoline
100(1)
Conclusion
101(1)
Key Points
101(1)
Some Important Terms
102(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
102(1)
For Further Study
103(1)
Chapter 6 Technology and Society
104(18)
Technology and Social Change
104(2)
The Industrial Revolution
106(1)
The Development of Industrialism in the United States
107(1)
Standardization, Inter changeability, and Mass Production
107(2)
Social and Economic Effects of Interchangeability
109(1)
The Cultural and Social Basis for Technological Progress
110(1)
The Technological Foundation of Globalization
110(1)
Technology and Social Change Revisited
111(2)
Technology, Income Distribution, and Jobs
113(1)
Natural Resources, Economics, and Technology
114(2)
Natural Resources, Technology, and Climate Change
116(1)
The Anthropocene Age
116(1)
Technology and Social Change in the Future
117(1)
The Information Revolution
118(1)
Don't Hold your Breath Expecting Immediate Change
119(1)
Conclusion: Speculating About the Future
119(1)
Key Points
120(1)
Some Important Terms
120(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
120(1)
For Further Study
121(1)
Chapter 7 Psychology, Society, and Culture
122(20)
Socialization of the Individual
123(1)
Significance of the Early Years of Childhood
123(1)
Significance of Differences in Individual Environment
124(1)
Effects of Extreme Isolation on Children
125(1)
Personality and Its Development
126(1)
The Nature/Nurture Debate
126(3)
Explanations of Behavior
129(1)
The Well-Adjusted Individual
130(1)
Adjustment and Normality
131(1)
The Freudian Concept of Personality
131(2)
Pop Psychologies
133(1)
Intelligence, Personal Adjustment, and Normality
134(1)
Mental Tests
134(4)
Intelligence and Personal Adjustment
138(1)
Conclusion
139(1)
Key Points
139(1)
Some Important Terms
139(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
140(1)
For Further Study
140(2)
Chapter 8 Deviance, Crime, and Society
142(22)
Deviance and Norms
142(1)
Conflicting Norms and Tension
143(1)
Norms, Crime, and the Rule of Law
144(2)
When Norms Conflict: Straight Outta Compton
146(2)
Major Theories on Deviance
148(1)
Sociobiology and Deviance
149(1)
Sociological Explanations of Deviance
149(3)
Economic Explanations of Deviance
152(1)
Summary of Various Perspectives on Deviance
152(1)
Crime, Law, and Order
152(1)
Problem 1 Is the U.S. Trying to Exert Too Much Control over Individuals?
153(4)
Problem 2 Is Justice Applied Equally to All in the U.S.?
157(1)
Problem 3 Deciding the Purpose of the Justice and Criminal System
158(3)
Conclusion
161(1)
Key Points
161(1)
Some Important Terms
162(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
162(1)
For Further Study
163(1)
PART III Institutions and Society
Chapter 9 The Family
164(24)
Variations in the Family Pattern
164(1)
Number of Mates
165(1)
Selection of Mates
166(1)
Family Control
167(1)
Single-Parent Families
168(1)
Reckoning of Descent
169(1)
Functions of the Family in Society
170(1)
Matching Family Patterns with Family Functions
171(1)
Number and Stability of Mates
171(1)
Selection of Mates
172(1)
Other Western Family Characteristics and Functions of the Family
173(1)
The Family in the United States Today
174(3)
Matchmaking and Dating
177(1)
Sex and Singles
178(2)
Children
180(1)
Senior Citizens
181(1)
Family Disorganization and Divorce
181(2)
Singles
183(1)
Living Together
183(1)
The Future of the Family
184(1)
Key Points
185(1)
Some Important Terms
185(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
186(1)
For Further Study
186(2)
Chapter 10 Religion
188(18)
The Nature of Religion
189(1)
The Great Religions of Today
190(1)
Hinduism
191(1)
Buddhism
192(2)
Judaism
194(2)
Christianity
196(3)
Islam
199(3)
The Role of Religion in Society
202(1)
Religion as a Source of Moral Values and Social Change
202(1)
Impact of Religion on Education, the Arts, and Literature
203(1)
Interfaith Efforts for Peace
203(1)
The Potential Conflict between Religion and Government
203(1)
Key Points
204(1)
Some Important Terms
204(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
204(1)
For Further Study
205(1)
Chapter 11 Education
206(20)
Schools as Agencies of Social Control
207(1)
The Dual Thrust of U.S. Education
207(1)
Education and U.S. Democracy
207(1)
The Development of U.S. Education
208(2)
Democratic Structure of the U.S. School System
210(1)
Formalization of the School System
211(2)
Examining the School System
213(1)
Technological Change and Teaching
214(1)
Private Schools and Home Schooling
214(1)
Charter Schools, Privatization, and the Problem of School Finance
214(1)
Textbooks
215(1)
School Dropouts
216(1)
Multiculturalism, Collaborative Learning, and Institutional Fairness
216(1)
How Good Are U.S. Schools?
217(2)
The Search for Excellence
219(1)
Changes in the College Curriculum
219(2)
Is the U.S. Educational System Equal?
221(1)
How Much Education Should the Average Citizen Receive?
222(1)
Interaction of Economics, Politics, and Social Institutions
223(1)
Key Points
223(1)
Some Important Terms
224(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
224(1)
For Further Study
224(2)
Chapter 12 Social and Economic Stratification
226(17)
Types of Social Stratification
227(1)
Estates
227(1)
Castes
227(1)
Social Classes
228(4)
Social Mobility
232(1)
Who Are the Upwardly Mobile?
233(1)
Education and Social Mobility
234(1)
Class Consciousness in the United States
235(1)
Class Consciousness, Marx, and Weber
235(1)
Economic and Social Inequality
236(1)
Causes of Income Inequality
237(1)
Jobless Recovery and Globalization
237(1)
Measuring Poverty
238(1)
Increasing Social and Economic Inequality
239(1)
Policies to Reduce Inequality
240(1)
Some Conclusions about the U.S. Class System
241(1)
Key Points
241(1)
Some Important Terms
241(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
241(1)
For Further Study
242(1)
Chapter 13 Stratification, Minorities, and Discrimination
243(32)
Race and Ethnicity
243(2)
Questions of Ethnic and Racial Superiority
245(1)
Ethnic and Racial Prejudice and Discrimination
246(1)
The Melting Pot
247(1)
Minorities
248(1)
Native Americans
249(1)
Blacks (African Americans)
249(9)
Hispanics
258(1)
Asian Descent
258(2)
Arab Americans and Americans of Middle Eastern Descent
260(1)
Immigration and Minorities
260(3)
Religious Minorities
263(1)
Women
264(5)
Senior Citizens
269(3)
Physical Disabilities Discrimination
272(1)
Conclusion
272(1)
Key Points
272(1)
Some Important Terms
273(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
273(1)
For Further Study
274(1)
PART IV Politics and Society
Chapter 14 The Functions and Forms of Government
275(21)
The Primary Functions of Government
276(1)
Maintaining Internal Order and External Security
276(1)
Ensuring Justice
276(1)
Safeguarding Individual Freedoms
277(1)
Regulating Business's and Individuals' Actions
278(1)
Promoting the General Welfare
278(1)
Debates about the Nature of Government
279(1)
Political Theory and Government
279(1)
Three Views of the Nature of Government
280(3)
Elements of Truth in Each of the Views
283(1)
Forms of Government
284(1)
Democracies
284(4)
Autocracy
288(5)
Governments Are Far from Simple
293(1)
Key Points
294(1)
Some Important Terms
294(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
294(1)
For Further Study
295(1)
Chapter 15 Governments of the World
296(19)
French Government
296(1)
The French Parliamentary System
297(1)
The French Executive Branch
297(2)
Chinese Government
299(1)
Chinese Governmental History
299(1)
Chinese State Structure
300(2)
Nigerian Government
302(1)
British Influence
302(2)
Modern Nigeria's Government: The Fourth Republic
304(1)
Difficulties Facing Nigeria
304(2)
A Final Comment
306(1)
Russian Government
306(3)
Saudi Arabian Government
309(3)
Some Lessons about Governments
312(1)
Future Changes in Governments
312(1)
Key Points
313(1)
Some Important Terms
313(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
313(1)
For Further Study
314(1)
Chapter 16 Democratic Government in the United States
315(25)
Historical Development of U.S. Government
316(1)
The Structure of U.S. Government
317(1)
Structure of the National Government
317(2)
The Nature of Our National Government
319(9)
The Political Process
328(1)
Political Parties
329(1)
Elections
330(4)
The Fourth Estate
334(1)
The Political Elite
334(1)
The Military-Industrial Complex and Pressure Groups
335(2)
Evaluation of the Democratic Political Process
337(1)
Key Points
338(1)
Some Important Terms
338(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
338(1)
For Further Study
339(1)
PART V Economics and Society
Chapter 17 The Organization of Economic Activities
340(17)
The Nature of an Economy
341(1)
Functions of an Economy
341(1)
Economics and the Social Sciences
341(1)
Economic Wants and Economic Goods
341(1)
The Economic Aspects of Culture
342(1)
The Standard Economic Problem
342(1)
The Other Economic Problem
343(1)
The Evolution of Economic Systems
344(1)
From Feudalism to Mercantilism
344(1)
From Mercantilism to a Pragmatic Market Economy
345(3)
Planned and Unplanned Economies
348(1)
How Planned Economies Are Supposed to Work
348(1)
Why Central Planning Did Not Meet Its Goals
349(1)
How Market Economies Are Supposed to Work
349(2)
Supply and Demand
351(2)
Modern Economies Are Pragmatic Market Economies
353(1)
Conclusion
354(1)
Key Points
354(1)
Some Important Terms
355(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
355(1)
For Further Study
356(1)
Chapter 18 The Economy, Government, and Economic Challenges_Facing the United States
357(22)
Government's Indirect Role in the Economy
357(1)
The Problem of Regulating the Economy
358(2)
Whose Desires Does the Government Reflect?
360(1)
Fluctuating Attitudes toward Regulation
361(1)
Government's Direct Role in the Economy
361(1)
Where the Government Spends Its Money
361(1)
Where Government Gets Its Money
362(1)
Alternative Methods of Supply in a Pragmatic Market Economy
362(2)
Some Controversial Roles of the Government
364(1)
Income Redistribution through Government
364(3)
Government's Macroeconomic Role
367(2)
Economic Challenges Facing the United States in the Future
369(1)
The Debt Challenge
369(2)
The Globalization Challenge
371(3)
The Income Inequality Challenge
374(1)
The Climate Change Challenge
375(1)
Conclusion
376(1)
Key Points
376(1)
Some Important Terms
377(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
377(1)
For Further Study
378(1)
PART VI Global Issues
Chapter 19 International Political Relations
379(23)
The State in International Relations
380(1)
The Nation-State
381(2)
The Establishment and Disappearance of Nation-States
383(1)
The Rise of the European Union
383(1)
Sovereignty of States
384(1)
Power in the World Community
385(1)
The Nature and Sources of National Power
385(3)
The End of U.S. Hegemony and the Rise of Chinese Military Power
388(1)
Other Sources of Power
389(1)
Maintaining Security
390(2)
Foreign Policies
392(1)
Geography and Foreign Policy
393(1)
Values, Ideologies, and Foreign Policy
394(2)
The United States in the World Community
396(1)
The President and Foreign Policy
396(1)
U.S. Foreign Policies
397(3)
Key Points
400(1)
Some Important Terms
400(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
400(1)
For Further Study
401(1)
Chapter 20 International Economic Relations
402(16)
What Makes International Trade Different?
403(1)
Foreign Exchange Markets
403(1)
Fixed and Flexible Exchange Rate Systems
403(2)
Balance of Payments and Balance of Trade
405(2)
Advantages and Disadvantages of International Trade
407(1)
Three Advantages of Trade
408(1)
Disadvantages of Trade
408(1)
Why Economists Generally Support Free Trade
409(1)
Why You Can't Get the Advantages without the Disadvantages
409(1)
Restrictions on International Trade
410(1)
Tariffs on Imports
410(2)
Import Quotas
412(1)
Removing Trade Restrictions
413(1)
Globalization
413(1)
Globalization, Trade Imbalances, and Exchange Rates
414(1)
Conclusion
415(1)
Key Points
415(1)
Some Important Terms
415(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
416(1)
For Further Study
416(2)
Chapter 21 The Political Economies of Developing Countries
418(22)
Problems of Developing Countries
420(1)
The Political Consensus Problem
421(1)
The Corruption Problem
422(1)
The Economic Problem
423(2)
The Debt Problem
425(1)
The Population Problem
425(1)
The Brain Drain Problem
426(1)
Mission Impossible: Advice to a Potential Leader
426(1)
Options of Developing Countries
427(1)
Political Options
427(1)
Economic Options
428(1)
Foreign Policy Options
428(1)
Population Options
428(1)
The Brain Drain Option
428(1)
Who Will Be the Next Leader?
428(1)
Case Studies
429(1)
China
429(4)
Venezuela
433(1)
Uganda
434(3)
Conclusion
437(1)
Key Points
437(1)
Some Important Terms
438(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
438(1)
For Further Study
438(2)
Chapter 22 International Institutions and the Search for Peace
440(23)
The Problem of War
442(1)
The Causes of War
442(1)
Approaches to the Problem of War
443(3)
The United Nations
446(1)
Is the UN Worth It?
447(2)
The UN's Role in Keeping the Peace
449(3)
Other UN Approaches
452(1)
The Outlook for Peace
452(2)
Trouble Spots of the World
454(6)
Conclusion
460(1)
Key Points
461(1)
Some Important Terms
461(1)
Questions for Review and Discussion
461(1)
For Further Study
462(1)
Index 463
David Colander received his Ph.D. from Columbia University and was the Christian A. Johnson Distinguished Professor of Economics at Middlebury College in Middlebury, Vermont from 1982 until 2013, when he was appointed Distinguished College Professor at Middlebury. In 20012002 he was the Kelly Professor of Distinguished Teaching at Princeton University. He has authored, co-authored, or edited over 40 books and 200 articles on a wide range of topics. His books have been translated into a number of different languages, including Chinese, Bulgarian, Polish, Italian, and Spanish. He has been president of both the Eastern Economic Association and History of Economic Thought Society and has been on the editorial boards of numerous journals, including the Journal of Economic Perspectives and the Journal of Economic Education.

Elgin Hunt is deceased. He was one of the early authors of this book when it began in the 1930s, and took over as sole author in the 1950s. He continued revising the book until the late 1970s, when David Colander took over.