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E-grāmata: Sociolinguistic Variation in Old English: Records of communities and people

(University of Zurich)
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This is the first extensive study of Old English to utilise the insights and methodologies of sociolinguistics. Building on previous philological and historical work, it takes into account the sociology and social dialectology of Old English and offers a description of its speech communities informed by the theory of social networks and communities of practice. Specifically, this book uses data from historical narratives and legal documents and examines the interplay of linguistic innovation, variation, and change with such sociolinguistic parameters as region, scribal office, gender, and social status. Special attention is given to the processes of supralocalisation and their correlation with periods of political centralisation in the history of Anglo-Saxon England.

Recenzijas

Timofeeva shows that although sociolinguistic methods have not been used extensively in studies of Old English texts in the past, they do have the potential to be extremely helpful. [ ...] Every case study opens up a new avenue of research. Though each case stands alone, it is not only a route to a new insight but also an example of how a sociolinguistic method can be applied. This will inspire future researchers to find parallel applications as well as following Timofeevas lead directly. Overall, Timofeeva has demonstrated what she set out to: that applying sociolinguistic methods to Old English texts on a small scale can provide insight into the society that produced them. -- Bev Thurber, on Linguist List 34.688, 27 February 2023

Acknowledgements xi
List of tables
xiii
List of figures
xv
Chapter 1 Sociolinguistic approaches to the study of Old English
3(24)
1.1 A typology of approaches and earlier work
3(9)
1.1.1 Sociology of Old English
4(4)
1.1.2 Social dialectology
8(4)
1.2 Old English text categories and their suitability for sociolinguistic research
12(7)
1.2.1 Text categories and genres
12(1)
1.2.2 Runic and non-runic inscriptions
13(1)
1.2.3 Glosses
14(1)
1.2.4 Glossaries
14(1)
1.2.5 Verse
15(2)
1.2.6 Prose
17(2)
1.3 Concepts and definitions
19(8)
1.3.1 Texts and textual categories
19(3)
1.3.2 Texts and social networks
22(5)
Chapter 2 Social networks at the court of King Alfred
27(22)
2.1 Towards a definition of the Alfredian network in sociolinguistic terms
28(7)
2.1.1 Individual actors
28(2)
2.1.2 Proto-chancery as actor
30(2)
2.1.3 King Alfred's network and its ties
32(3)
2.2 Case studies
35(13)
2.2.1 Angelcynn
36(9)
2.2.2 here
45(3)
2.3 Conclusions
48(1)
Chapter 3 Legal Old English and its communities
49(16)
3.1 Legal documents as acts of identity
49(1)
3.2 Anglo-Saxon legal documents
50(2)
3.3 Legal documents as proxy genres in the study of social ties and sociolinguistic variables
52(9)
3.3.1 PASE database
53(6)
3.3.2 Other databases
59(2)
3.4 Charter forms
61(2)
3.5 Summary and outlook
63(2)
Chapter 4 Diplomas: Members of the assemblies and variation by archive
65(22)
4.1 The protocol of diplomas
65(4)
4.2 The diffusion of the practice
69(2)
4.3 Case study: Witness lists
71(10)
4.4 Case study: Dispositive verbs
81(4)
4.5 Conclusions
85(2)
Chapter 5 Writs: Conservatism and sociolinguistic variation
87(22)
5.1 General characteristics of writs
87(1)
5.2 The corpus of writs
88(3)
5.3 The protocol of writs
91(1)
5.4 Case study: Salutation-notification template
92(13)
5.4.1 The first attestation of the template and its possible origin
92(2)
5.4.2 Corroborating evidence from letters and social status of the correspondents
94(1)
5.4.3 Genre evolution and the writs of Cnut the Great
95(3)
5.4.4 Writs by other social leaders
98(4)
5.4.5 The incredible stability of royal writs
102(1)
5.4.6 The switch to Latin
103(2)
5.5 Conclusions
105(1)
5.6 Coda: The afterlife of the template
106(3)
Chapter 6 Wills: Variation by archive and gender
109(32)
6.1 The corpus of wills
109(2)
6.2 Function and orality of wills
111(1)
6.3 Types of wills
112(1)
6.4 The protocol of wills
113(2)
6.5 Case study: Variation by subperiod and archive
115(8)
6.5.1 Dispositive verbs
117(2)
6.5.2 (ge)unnan + land objects
119(1)
6.5.3 `after my death' adverbials
120(3)
6.6 Case study: Variation by gender
123(11)
6.6.1 Soliciting patronage
124(3)
6.6.2 Cursing
127(7)
6.7 Case study: Sociolinguistic outliers
134(5)
6.7.1 The will of Leofgifu
134(3)
6.7.2 The will of Mantat
137(2)
6.8 Conclusions
139(2)
Chapter 7 Mixed-language practices of William I's chancery: Contact and innovation
141(34)
7.1 Introduction
141(1)
7.2 Data
142(1)
7.3 Case study: English terms in Latin acta of William I
143(9)
7.3.1 Anglo-Latin data as evidence for low-frequency Old English lexis
144(1)
7.3.2 English-source items in lists of franchises
145(3)
7.3.3 English-source items in broader contexts
148(2)
7.3.4 Necessity criterion: Direct loans vs. cultural equivalents
150(2)
7.4 Case study: French (and Gallo-Latin) terms in Latin acta of William I
152(8)
7.4.1 Anglo-Latin data as early evidence for (Anglo-)Norman
153(1)
7.4.2 Norman-source items in lists of addressees and witnesses
154(2)
7.4.3 Other Norman-source items
156(3)
7.4.4 Norman verbs
159(1)
7.5 Chancery, chancellors, scribes, and bishops of William I
160(6)
7.6 Conclusions
166(9)
Appendix 1
168(1)
Abbreviations
168(1)
A catalogue of English terms in Latin acta of William I
168(3)
A catalogue of French terms in Latin acta of William I
171(4)
Chapter 8 Epilogue
175(4)
References 179(18)
Index of names 197(4)
Index of subjects 201