The cost of operating a building far exceeds the cost of constructing it, and yet until recently little attention was paid to the impact of solar radiation on the costs of heating, cooling and ventilation. And now that there has been a surge in interest in energy efficiency and solar design, architects and designers need a practical guide to the modelling and application of solar energy data.
There are many different models and techniques available for calculating the distribution of solar radiation on and in buildings, and these algorithms vary considerably in scope, accuracy and complexity. This book demonstrates which of these predictive tools gives the best results in different circumstances, including explaining which models can be best used in different parts of the world.
The author has had over twenty-five years of experience of dealing with solar energy data from four continents and has used that experience in this book to show the development not just of knowledge but also the growing sophistication of the models available to apply it.
*Based on many years of first-hand experience with solar data
*Different models demonstrated and evaluated
*Calculations that can be used anywhere in the world
Papildus informācija
*Based on many years of first-hand experience with solar data *Different models demonstrated and evaluated *Calculations that can be used anywhere in the world
| Foreword |
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xi | |
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| Preface to the First Edition |
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xiii | |
| Preface to the Second Edition |
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xv | |
| Acknowledgements |
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xvii | |
| Electronic Files Available from this Book's Web Site |
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xix | |
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List of Files Available from this Book's Web Site |
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xxi | |
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xxiii | |
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xxix | |
| Introduction |
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xxxiii | |
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1 | (34) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (5) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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Solar geometry, SOLALT and SOLAZM |
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12 | (5) |
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Astronomical sunrise and sunset |
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17 | (1) |
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Actual sunrise and sunset |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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Distance between two locations |
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20 | (1) |
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Solar radiation and daylight measurement |
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21 | (7) |
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Statistical evaluation of models |
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28 | (4) |
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32 | (3) |
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33 | (2) |
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35 | (26) |
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35 | (1) |
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Monthly-averaged daily horizontal global irradiation |
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36 | (4) |
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Monthly-averaged daily horizontal diffuse irradiation |
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40 | (2) |
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Annual-averaged diffuse irradiation |
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42 | (3) |
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Daily horizontal global irradiation |
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45 | (1) |
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Daily horizontal diffuse irradiation |
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46 | (4) |
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The inequality of the daily-and monthly-averaged regressions |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (4) |
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56 | (5) |
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57 | (4) |
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Hourly Horizontal Irradiation and Illuminance |
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61 | (82) |
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61 | (1) |
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Monthly-averaged hourly horizontal global irradiation |
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61 | (3) |
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Monthly-averaged hourly horizontal diffuse irradiation |
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64 | (4) |
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Hourly horizontal global irradiation |
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68 | (32) |
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Hourly horizontal diffuse irradiation |
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100 | (3) |
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Hourly horizontal illuminance |
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103 | (15) |
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118 | (4) |
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Solar climate characterisation |
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122 | (7) |
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Frequency distribution of illuminance |
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129 | (4) |
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133 | (10) |
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135 | (8) |
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Hourly Slope Irradiation and Illuminance |
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143 | (78) |
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143 | (1) |
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Slope beam irradiance and illuminance |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (3) |
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Sky-diffuse irradiance models |
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147 | (20) |
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167 | (6) |
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Radiance and luminance distributions |
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173 | (15) |
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Luminance transmission through glazing |
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188 | (2) |
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Quality control of cloud cover, sunshine, solar radiation and daylight data |
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190 | (15) |
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Shadow band (shade ring) diffuse irradiance correction factor |
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205 | (11) |
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216 | (5) |
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216 | (5) |
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221 | (82) |
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Instruments and measurements |
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221 | (15) |
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236 | (11) |
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Extraterrestrial spectrum |
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247 | (3) |
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250 | (20) |
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270 | (8) |
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278 | (25) |
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296 | (7) |
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303 | (14) |
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303 | (1) |
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Estimation of ground-reflected radiation |
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303 | (4) |
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Models for ground-reflected radiation |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (7) |
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Estimation of monthly-averaged albedo |
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315 | (2) |
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315 | (2) |
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317 | (6) |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (3) |
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320 | (3) |
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322 | (1) |
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Solar Radiation and Daylight Data |
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323 | (10) |
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International Daylight Measurement Programme |
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323 | (1) |
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IDMP recorded horizontal and slope data for solar radiation and daylight measurements |
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323 | (3) |
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326 | (2) |
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Web-based sources for accessing solar radiation and weather data |
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328 | (2) |
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Satellite based and other sources for accessing solar radiation and weather data |
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330 | (3) |
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331 | (2) |
| Projects |
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333 | (2) |
| Appendices |
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335 | (4) |
| Index |
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339 | |
Professor Tariq Muneer, BEng(Hons), MSc, PhD, DSc, CEng, MIMechE, FCIBSE, Millennium Fellow is currently Professor in Energy Engineering at Napier University, Edinburgh. Professor Muneer has been engaged in research work related to understanding the physics of terrestrial solar radiation. Undertaken in four continents across the world, the results of his 25 years of painstaking work are now being used as the basis for all slope energy calculations across the European Union and the United Kingdom. The work has been published in over a hundred technical articles and three major research monographs. Professor Muneer has contributed very widely towards the development of science and technology of energy systems. At Napier University he chairs a large research programme on the measurement and utilisation of solar energy. Professor Muneer is an international authority on solar radiation, daylight illuminance modelling, and solar energy utilisation. He is chairman of the Chartered Institution of Building Service Engineers' (London) solar data task group, and in this capacity he has been involved in the production of the CIBSE Guide J for weather and solar data. Professor Muneer has written 5 books and over 140 articles. His awards include the Royal Academy of Engineering ESO, Leverhulme Trust and University College, Oxford/General Electric Company research fellowships, Osmania University's Karamet Jung Gold Medal, and the CIBSE Carter and Napier Shaw Bronze Medals, and the Society for Light & Lighting's Best Article Award. To date Professor Muneer has successfully produced 12 PhD and 3 MPhil graduates with a further 6 supervisees awaiting their doctoral completions.
