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E-grāmata: Sovereignty and the New Executive Authority

Edited by (Algernon Biddle Professor of Law and Professor of Philosophy, University of Pennsylvania), Edited by (Associate Professor, Leadership, Ethics, and Law Dept., US Naval Academy)
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The idea of sovereignty and the debates that surround it are not merely of historical, academic, or legal interest: they are also potent, vibrant issues and as current and relevant as today's front page news in the United States and in other Western democracies. In the post- 9/11 United States, the growth of the national security state has resulted in a growing struggle to maintain the legal and ethical boundaries surrounding executive authority, boundaries that help to define and protect democratic governance. These post-9/11 developments and their effect on the scope of presidential power present hard questions and are fueling today's intense debates among political leaders, citizens, constitutional scholars, historians, and philosophers.

This volume will contribute to the public conversation on the nature of executive authority and its relation to the broader topic of sovereignty in several ways. First, readers will learn that the current vital questions surrounding the nature of executive authority and presidential power have their intellectual roots in historical and philosophical writings about the nature of sovereignty. Second, sovereignty has historically been a complicated topic; this volume helps identify the terms of the debate. Third, and most critically, citizens' understanding of the concept of sovereignty is essential to grasping the available options for confronting current challenges to the rule of law in democratic societies.

The volume's 15 essays, drawn from among the disciplines of law, political, science, philosophy, and international relations, covers an expansive series of topics, from historical theories and international affairs, to governmental transparency and legitimacy. The volume also focuses on the changes in the concept of sovereignty post-9/11 in the United States and their impact on democracy and the rule of law, particularly in the area of national security practice.

Foreword vii
Honorable Alberto Mora
List of Contributors
ix
Introduction xv
Claire O. Finkelstein
PART ONE The Intellectual Roots of Sovereignty
1 Hobbes on Sovereign Authority: How the Right of Nature Becomes Sovereign Right
3(18)
David Gauthier
2 Sovereignty as a Right and as a Duty: Kant's Theory of the State
21(26)
Jacob Weinrib
3 Sovereignty, Political Obligation, and Fairness
47(20)
William E. O'Brian Jr.
PART TWO Sovereignty in the Present Age: Modern Executive Authority in a Constitutional Democracy
4 Defining and Constraining the Sovereign: "The Most Difficult of All Tasks"
67(18)
Charles Fried
5 Sovereignty and Executive Power
85(14)
Christopher W. Morris
6 Locating Sovereignty in Systems of Divided and Limited Government
99(22)
S.A. Lloyd
7 The Publian President in the Twenty-First Century
121(24)
Sanford Levinson
PART THREE Vertical Sovereignty: Presidential Powers and National Security
8 The Imperial Presidency and the Rule of Law
145(16)
Claire O. Finkelstein
9 A Two-Level Account of Executive Authority
161(26)
Michael Skerker
10 Transparency and Executive Authority
187(22)
Chris Naticchia
11 Secret Tribunals and the Limits of Sovereignty
209(16)
Larry May
PART FOUR Horizontal Sovereignty: International Relations and War
12 Logically Private Laws: Legislative Secrecy in "The War on Terror"
225(28)
Duncan Macintosh
13 Sovereignty and Associative Obligations
253(30)
Aaron James
14 Contract, Treaty, and Sovereignty
283(26)
Matthew Lister
15 Defense and Ignorance: War, Secrecy, and the Possibility of Popular Sovereignty
309(36)
Alexander A. Guerrero
Index 345
Claire Finkelstein is the Algernon Biddle Professor of Law and Professor of Philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, and Director of the Center for Ethics and the Rule of Law, University of Pennsylvania. She has published extensively in the areas of criminal law theory, moral and political philosophy as applied to legal questions, jurisprudence, and rational choice theory. One of her distinctive contributions is bringing philosophical rational choice theory to bear on legal theory. She has focused in recent years on the implications of Hobbes' political theory for substantive legal questions. She is the series editor, with Jens Ohlin, of the Oxford Series in Ethics, National Security and the Rule of Law. Within that series, she has co-edited three volumes to date: Targeted Killings: Law & Mortality in an Asymmetrical World (2012), Cyberwar: Law and Ethics for Virtual Conflicts; and Weighing Lives in War (2017). She is also the editor of Hobbes on Law (2005).



Michael Skerker is an associate professor in the Leadership, Ethics, and Law department at the U.S. Naval Academy. His academic interests include professional ethics, just war theory, moral pluralism, theological ethics, and religion and politics. Publications include works on ethics and asymmetrical war, moral pluralism, intelligence ethics, and the book An Ethics of Interrogation (2010). He is currently working on a book Soldiers and Soldiers: The Moral Equality of Combatants which defends the post-Westphalian idea of the moral equality of combatants. The manuscript won the 2013 Charles Sharp Memorial Prize for best unpublished work on military ethics.