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E-grāmata: Space Radiation and Astronaut Health: Managing and Communicating Cancer Risks

  • Formāts: 144 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Aug-2021
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309481915
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  • Formāts: 144 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 31-Aug-2021
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309481915
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Astronauts face unique health-related risks during crewed space missions, and longer-duration missions that extend to greater distances in our solar system (including to the Moon and Mars) will likely increase those risks. Cancer risks due to ionizing radiation exposure are one of these health-related risks. Assessing, managing, and communicating radiation-induced cancer risks associated with spaceflight are challenging because of incomplete knowledge of the radiation environment in space, limited data on radiation-induced cellular damage mechanisms, lack of direct observations from epidemiological studies, and the complexities of understanding radiation risk.



At the request of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), an ad hoc committee of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened to provide advice on NASA's proposed updates to their space radiation health standard, which sets the allowable limit of space radiation exposure throughout the course of an astronaut's career. Space Radiation and Astronaut Health: Managing and Communicating Cancer Risks provides the committee's recommendations and conclusions regarding the updated space radiation health standard, NASA's radiation risk communication strategies, and a process for developing an ethics-informed waiver protocol for long-duration spaceflight missions.





Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Space Radiation and Cancer Risks to Astronauts 3 NASA's Spaceflight Radiation Exposure Standard 4 Communicating About Radiation-Induced Cancer Risks Appendix A: Study Methods Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff
Acronyms And Abbreviations xv
Summary 1(18)
1 Introduction
19(14)
Why NASA Is Considering Revisions to the Current Radiation Exposure Standard and Associated Risk Management
22(2)
Committee's Charge and Approach
24(4)
Organization of the Report
28(3)
References
31(2)
2 Space Radiation And Cancer Risks To Astronauts
33(18)
The Space Radiation Environment and Its Impact on Human Health
33(2)
Cancer Risk Projection Models
35(3)
Factors Affecting Radiation-Induced Cancer Risk
38(4)
The Current NASA Model for Estimating Cancer Risk
42(3)
References
45(6)
3 Nasa's Spaceflight Radiation Exposure Standard
51(20)
Radiation Exposure Standards Used by Other Agencies
52(3)
NASA's Proposed Space Radiation Exposure Health Standard
55(1)
The Basis for NASA's Current Space Radiation Exposure Standard
56(4)
Committee's Analysis of NASA's Proposed Space Radiation Exposure Health Standard
60(11)
References
68(3)
4 Communicating About Radiation-Induced Cancer Risks
71(24)
NASA's Aims When Communicating Cancer Risk
73(1)
Risk Communication Recipients and Their Needs
73(2)
Considering NASA's Proposed Risk Communication Tool for the Space Radiation Standard
75(10)
Risk Communication and NASA's Waiver Process
85(3)
Risk Communication Research Opportunities for NASA
88(1)
References
89(6)
APPENDIXES
A Study Methods
95(20)
B Biographical Sketches Of Committee Members And Staff
115