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E-grāmata: Space Systems for Disaster Warning, Response, and Recovery

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Space Systems for Disaster Warning, Response, and RecoveryPalielināt
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This SpringerBrief provides a general overview of the role of satellite applications for disaster mitigation, warning, planning, recovery and response. It covers both the overall role and perspective of the emergency management community as well as the various space applications that support their work. Key insights are provided as to how satellite telecommunications, remote sensing, navigation systems, GIS, and the emerging domain of social media are utilized in the context of emergency management needs and requirements. These systems are now critical in addressing major man-made and natural disasters. International policy and treaties are covered along with various case studies from around the world. These case studies indicate vital lessons that have been learned about how to use space systems more effectively in addressing the so-called “Disaster Cycle.”

This book is appropriate for practicing emergency managers, Emergency Management (EM) courses, as well as for those involved in various space applications and developing new satellite technologies.

1 Introduction
1(4)
Why Write a `Short Book' on Space Disaster Management?
1(1)
How Can We Best Understand the Field of Space Systems and Disaster Management?
1(4)
2 Disaster Management and the Emergency Management Culture
5(12)
Modern Emergency Management
12(2)
Time Is the Enemy
14(3)
3 Organizing for Disasters
17(30)
The U.S. Incident Command Structure (ICS)
17(1)
The Incident Team Response to a Disaster
18(2)
Organizing the Response Under the National Incident Management System (NIMS)
20(5)
Emergency Operations Centers (EOCs)
25(13)
International Disaster Organization -- The U.N. Cluster System
38(3)
How Data Are Acquired, Processed, and Shared in a Disaster
41(1)
Data Acquisition
41(1)
Data Processing, Analysis, and Synthesis
42(1)
Phases (Internal and External)
42(1)
Disaster and Damage Assessment
43(3)
Daily Disaster Assessment
44(1)
Weather Briefings
44(1)
Disaster Data Dissemination
44(1)
Action Plans
44(1)
Situation Reports (SITREPS)
45(1)
Public Outreach, Press Relations, and Fundraising
46(1)
4 Space Systems for Disaster Management
47(20)
Satellite Telecommunications
48(14)
Satellite Telecommunications Systems Capabilities
49(2)
GEO: The Geostationary Telecommunications Satellites
51(2)
Fixed Services (FSS)
53(1)
Mobile Satellite Services (MSS)
54(1)
Broadcast Satellite Services (BSS)
55(1)
GEO Telecommunications Systems
56(3)
MEO Satellite Telecommunications Systems
59(1)
LEO Satellite Telecommunications Systems
60(1)
Iridium
60(1)
Globalstar
61(1)
Orbcom
62(1)
Satellite Telecommunications Disaster Applications and Issues
62(2)
The American Red Cross
64(1)
Satellite Telecommunications Emerging Technologies
64(1)
South America and Asia
65(1)
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) or High Altitude Platform Systems
65(2)
5 Space Remote Sensing Fundamentals and Disaster Applications
67(24)
Geostationary Weather Satellite Systems
68(5)
Moderate Resolution Optical Satellite Systems
73(4)
The MODIS Sensors
77(1)
The NASA Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)
78(1)
Landsat
78(1)
The Disaster Monitoring Constellation (DMC)
79(1)
High Resolution Optical Satellite Systems
80(1)
Developing Technologies
81(1)
Passive vs. Active Remote Sensing Systems
82(2)
Fundamentals of Active/RADAR Remote Sensing
84(4)
Aerial Imaging Systems and Unmanned Drones
88(1)
Developing Remote Sensing Technologies
89(2)
6 Precision Navigation and Timing Systems
91(8)
PNT Systems
91(3)
Disaster Applications
94(1)
GPS In-Situ Networks
95(4)
7 Geographic Information Systems
99(12)
Critical GIS Data Layers
99(2)
Open Source
101(1)
GIS Systems and Examples in Disaster Management
102(1)
U.S. National Weather Service Online Damage Assessment Toolkit
103(2)
Data Dissemination Systems
105(3)
Early Warning Systems
108(3)
8 Major International and Regional Players
111(6)
The United Nations
111(1)
The U.N. Space-Based Platform for Information for Disaster Management and Emergency Response (UN-SPIDER)
111(1)
The U.N. Institute for Training and Research (UNITAR)
112(1)
The International Federation of the Red Cross Red Crescent Societies (RCRC)
112(1)
The Committee on Earth Observation Systems (CEOS)
112(1)
The CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE)
113(1)
The Group on Earth Observation (GEO) and the Group on Earth Observations System of Systems GEOSS
113(1)
FEWS Net, the Famine Early Warning Network III
114(1)
Asia Disaster Reduction Center (ADRC)
114(1)
Sentinal Asia
115(1)
The Pacific Disaster Center
115(2)
9 The Emerging World of Crowd Sourcing, Social Media, Citizen Science, and Remote Support Operations in Disasters
117(6)
Crowd Sourcing
117(1)
Social Media
118(3)
Citizen Science and Remote Support Operations
121(1)
Major Players in the V&TC Community
121(2)
10 International Treaties, Non-binding Agreements, and Policy and Legal Issues
123(6)
The International Charter on Space and Disasters
123(4)
The Tampere Convention on the Provision of Telecommunication Resources for Disaster Mitigation and Relief Operations
127(1)
International Non-binding Agreements
127(1)
Legal and International Policy Issues
127(2)
11 Future Directions and the Top Ten Things to Know About Space Systems and Disasters
129(4)
Future Directions
129(2)
Top Ten Things to Know About Space and Disasters
131(2)
Appendix A Key Terms and Acronyms 133(6)
Appendix B Selected Bibliography 139(4)
Appendix C Selected Websites 143(2)
About the Author 145
Scott Madry is the founder and president of Informatics International, Inc., an international remote sensing and GIS consulting company located in Chapel Hill, NC. He also holds appointments as a research associate professor of archaeology at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and professor of satellite applications at the International Space University in Strasbourg, France. He has been involved with the International Space University since 1988 and has taught in 19 summer programs around the world. He is a specialist in remote sensing and GIS for regional environmental and cultural applications, including disaster planning and response.
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