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ix | |
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xi | |
Acknowledgments |
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xiii | |
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1 Introduction: The Blue Division, the Franco Regime, and the Second World War |
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3 | (20) |
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Placing the Blue Division within New Military History |
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3 | (10) |
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Enemies and Friends: Russia, Germany, and Spanish Fascism (1917-41) |
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13 | (3) |
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From the Imagined Russian to the Real Russian (1917-41) |
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13 | (3) |
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Hitler, German Nazism, and Spanish Fascism (1930-41) |
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16 | (7) |
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Italian and German Echoes (1924-36) |
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16 | (3) |
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Fascinated by the Third Reich (1936-41) |
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19 | (4) |
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23 | (53) |
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Extermination and Brutalization: Operation Barbarossa and a Different Kind of War |
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23 | (5) |
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Allies in the "European Crusade against Bolshevism" |
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28 | (7) |
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European Volunteers against Bolshevism: Myth and Reality |
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30 | (5) |
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Spanish Volunteers against the USSR: Recruitment, Sending, and the Nature of the Blue Division |
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35 | (7) |
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Who Volunteered for the Blue Division? |
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42 | (29) |
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The "Fever" of the Summer of 1941 |
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45 | (6) |
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The Replacements of 1942-3: Mercenaries, Conscripts, or Volunteers? |
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51 | (9) |
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Social and Prosopographic Profile of the Volunteers |
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60 | (6) |
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Falangists, Ex-combatants, and "Wartime Francoists" |
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66 | (2) |
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Clearing Your Military Record or Deserting |
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68 | (3) |
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"Spain on the Volkhov": Falangism in the Blue Division |
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71 | (5) |
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3 A Long March: From Central Europe to the Volkhov Front |
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76 | (24) |
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The Wehrmacht and Spanish Soldiers |
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81 | (5) |
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The Admired Wehrmacht: An Egalitarian Army? |
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81 | (2) |
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Spanish and German Soldiers: Stereotypes, Coexistence, and Conflict |
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83 | (3) |
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86 | (8) |
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The "Achievements" of the Third Reich: Spanish Impressions |
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86 | (3) |
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89 | (2) |
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German Girls: "A Taste of Paganism and Nature" |
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91 | (3) |
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Occupied Populations on the March to the Front: Spaniards, Poles, and Baltic Peoples |
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94 | (6) |
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4 The Blue Division on the Front |
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100 | (46) |
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Lost Victories: The Volkhov Front (October 1941-August 1942) |
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104 | (12) |
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War of Positions in the Siege of Leningrad (September 1942-November 1943) |
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116 | (7) |
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The Short-Lived Blue Legion (December 1943-March 1944) |
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123 | (3) |
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Life on the Front: The Daily Experience of Spanish Combatants |
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126 | (20) |
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Cold, Filth, Boredom and Peril |
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127 | (12) |
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139 | (3) |
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Comradeship and the Cult of the Fallen |
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142 | (4) |
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5 Occupation Practices of the Blue Division in Northwest Russia |
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146 | (57) |
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Another Image of the Enemy |
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148 | (11) |
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From "the Horde" to "the Ruski" |
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150 | (9) |
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Victims, Exotics, and Noble Savages: Russian Civilians |
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159 | (11) |
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A "Stinking and Depraved Poverty" |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (2) |
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A Pseudo-Asia tic People? |
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165 | (3) |
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The Noble Savage: An Opportunity for Redemption |
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168 | (2) |
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An Idyllic Relationship? The Occupiers and the Occupied |
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170 | (16) |
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Colourful and Undisciplined Occupiers |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (3) |
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Ugly Panienkas, Idealized Katiushas, and the Children |
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178 | (5) |
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Dealing with Partisans: Benevolence or Inefficacy? |
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183 | (3) |
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The Spanish Division and the "Jewish Question" |
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186 | (17) |
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Anti-Semitism without Jews |
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187 | (2) |
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Encountering the Eastern European Jews, 1941-3 |
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189 | (2) |
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Grodno, Oshmiany, Vilnius, and Riga |
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191 | (9) |
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Protectors or Bystanders? |
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200 | (3) |
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6 The Last Crusaders of the Nazi New Order (1944-5) |
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203 | (10) |
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Spaniards in the Wehrmacht and the Waffen-SS (1944--5) |
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203 | (5) |
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Nazis, Radical Falangists, and Survivors |
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208 | (5) |
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7 War Veterans and Memories from the Eastern Front in Franco's Spain (1942-75) |
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213 | (26) |
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Prosopography of the Trajectories of BD Returnees |
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215 | (3) |
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Agents of Memory: Blue Division Veterans' Associations |
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218 | (8) |
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The Blue Division Post-war Narrative |
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226 | (13) |
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Cliches in Blue Division Memory |
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230 | (2) |
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An Unpleasant Topic: The Holocaust |
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232 | (4) |
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Epilogue: "We Were Right!" The "Conversion" of Russia |
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236 | (3) |
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8 Conclusion: A Spanish Exception in the War of Extermination? |
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239 | (6) |
Notes |
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245 | (58) |
Sources and References |
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303 | (34) |
Index |
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337 | |