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E-grāmata: Spatial Impacts of Climate Change [Wiley Online]

  • Formāts: 336 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-May-2021
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1119817927
  • ISBN-13: 9781119817925
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Spatial Impacts of Climate ChangePalielināt
  • Formāts: 336 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-May-2021
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1119817927
  • ISBN-13: 9781119817925
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Wiley Online E-booksMore info about Wiley Online
Rokasgrāmatas mājas lapa: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/book/10.1002/9781119817925
Climate change has been a central concern over recent years, with visible and highly publicized consequences such as melting Arctic ice and mountain glaciers, rising sea levels, and the submersion of low-lying coastal areas during mid-latitude and tropical cyclones.

This book presents a review of the spatial impacts of contemporary climate change, with a focus on a systematic, multi-scalar approach. Beyond the facts ? rises in temperature, changes in the spatial distribution of precipitation, melting of the marine and terrestrial cryosphere, changes in hydrological regimes at high and medium latitudes, etc. ? it also analyzes the geopolitical consequences in the Arctic and Central Asia, changes to Mediterranean culture and to viticulture on a global scale, as well as impacts on the distribution of life, for example, in the Amazon rainforest, in large biomes on a global scale, and for birds.

Introduction xiii
Denis Mercier
Chapter 1 Climate Change at Different Temporal and Spatial Scales
1(20)
Denis Mercier
1.1 Contemporary global climate change
1(5)
1.2 Contemporary Arctic-wide climate change
6(3)
1.3 Future global climate change
9(2)
1.4 Future Arctic-wide climate change
11(2)
1.5 The causes of climate change
13(6)
1.5.1 Solar radiation
13(1)
1.5.2 Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
14(2)
1.5.3 Volcanism
16(1)
1.5.4 Albedo and the radiation balance
17(2)
1.6 Conclusion
19(1)
1.7 References
19(2)
Chapter 2 Climate Change and the Melting Cryosphere
21(22)
Denis Mercier
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 The sensitivity of the cryosphere to climate change
22(2)
2.3 Melting of the marine cryosphere
24(4)
2.3.1 The melting of the Arctic sea ice
24(3)
2.3.2 Antarctic sea ice
27(1)
2.4 Melting of the Earth's cryosphere
28(8)
2.4.1 Melting ice sheets
28(4)
2.4.2 The melting of mountain glaciers
32(3)
2.4.3 Decreasing permafrost
35(1)
2.4.4 Melting snow
35(1)
2.5 Consequences of the melting cryosphere
36(4)
2.5.1 On a global scale: rising sea levels
36(2)
2.5.2 Regionally: paraglacial risks
38(2)
2.6 Conclusion
40(1)
2.7 References
40(3)
Chapter 3 Between Warming and Globalization: Rethinking the Arctic at the Heart of a Stakes System
43(28)
Eric Canobbio
3.1 Spatial impacts of climate change in the Arctic
43(9)
3.1.1 Clarifying the terms of the subject in their polar contexts
44(8)
3.2 The manufacture of polar issues, between global warming and globalization
52(7)
3.2.1 Warming and space production, a decade of confusion off the Arctic coasts
53(4)
3.2.2 Three interacting contexts
57(2)
3.3 The production of polar doctrines: rhetoric and frameworks for action
59(6)
3.3.1 Factors of convergence and consensus
60(1)
3.3.2 Differentiation factors
61(1)
3.3.3 The strategic dimensions of Arctic policies, the complex issue of polar militarization
62(3)
3.4 Geography of a new system of stakeholder relations in the Arctic
65(2)
3.5 Conclusion: polar metamorphisms
67(1)
3.6 References
68(3)
Chapter 4 Coastlines with Increased Vulnerability to Sea-level Rise
71(22)
Axel Creach
4.1 Introduction
71(1)
4.2 Coastlines under the influence of sea-level rise
72(6)
4.2.1 The pressures of climate change on coastlines
72(4)
4.2.2 Consequences of sea-level rise on coastlines
76(2)
4.3 Increasingly attractive coastlines for societies
78(5)
4.3.1 The coastalization process
78(1)
4.3.2 A densification of activities on the coastlines
79(2)
4.3.3 A closer approach to the sea
81(2)
4.4 Towards the necessary adaptation of coastal areas
83(4)
4.4.1 The coastline, an area at risk
83(1)
4.4.2 Possible coping strategies
84(2)
4.4.3 The example of the Netherlands
86(1)
4.5 Which coastline for tomorrow?
87(2)
4.6 References
89(4)
Chapter 5 The Consequences of Climate Change on the Paraglacial Sedimentary Cascade
93(26)
Denis Mercier
Etienne Cossart
5.1 The paraglacial sedimentary cascade: elements of definition
93(9)
5.1.1 General principles of the concept of a paraglacial sedimentary cascade
93(5)
5.1.2 Paraglacial spatial boundaries
98(1)
5.1.3 The temporal limits of the paraglacial sedimentary cascade
99(3)
5.2 Sediment inputs to the paraglacial sedimentary cascade
102(6)
5.2.1 Landslides
102(3)
5.2.2 Remobilization of slope deposits
105(3)
5.3 Sediment fluxes within the paraglacial sedimentary cascade
108(2)
5.3.1 The evolution of ice margins on a decadal scale
108(1)
5.3.2 Paraglacial fluvial metamorphoses on a secular scale
109(1)
5.4 Sedimentary stocks or the end of the paraglacial sedimentary cascade
110(5)
5.4.1 Temporary storage areas on a secular scale
110(2)
5.4.2 Interglacial-scale temporary storage areas
112(3)
5.4.3 Final storage areas
115(1)
5.5 Conclusion
115(1)
5.6 References
116(3)
Chapter 6 Spatial Impacts of Climate Change on Periglacial Environments
119(24)
Denis Mercier
Etienne Cossart
6.1 Introduction
119(6)
6.1.1 Definition of periglacial
120(1)
6.1.2 Present and past spatial extent of periglacial environments
121(4)
6.2 Melting permafrost and paraperiglacial geomorphological crises
125(4)
6.2.1 Definition of paraperiglacial
125(2)
6.2.2 Paraperiglacial processes and forms
127(2)
6.3 Periglacial coastal environments in high latitudes in the face of climate change
129(2)
6.4 Periglacial environments at high altitudes in the face of climate change
131(6)
6.4.1 Gravity dynamics and permafrost wall degradation
132(2)
6.4.2 Gravity dynamics and permafrost degradation in loose formations
134(2)
6.4.3 The impact of global warming on high-mountain practices
136(1)
6.5 Conclusion
137(1)
6.6 References
138(5)
Chapter 7 The Impacts of Climate Change on the Hydrological Dynamics of High Latitude Periglacial Environments
143(24)
Emmanuele Gautier
7.1 Periglacial regions strongly affected by recent climate change
143(3)
7.1.1 Much warmer winters
143(1)
7.1.2 Permafrost and its sensitivity to air temperatures
144(2)
7.2 The influence of permafrost on hydrological functioning
146(4)
7.2.1 Numerous wetlands in periglacial environments
147(1)
7.2.2 The knock-on effects of climate change on slope hydrology
148(2)
7.3 The response of Arctic fluvial hydrosystems to ongoing climate change
150(13)
7.3.1 River ice
153(2)
7.3.2 Increasing winter low water levels
155(2)
7.3.3 Spring flooding and breakup
157(2)
7.3.4 The rapid evolution of water discharge
159(4)
7.4 Conclusion
163(1)
7.5 References
163(4)
Chapter 8 The Impacts of Climate Change on Watercourses in Temperate Environments
167(20)
Gilles Drogue
8.1 What is at stake?
167(9)
8.1.1 Spatial dynamics of climate zoning and river regimes
167(2)
8.1.2 Watercourses: resource, vector and living environment
169(2)
8.1.3 The (dis)equilibrium between precipitation, evapotranspiration and flow in temperate environments
171(2)
8.1.4 The study of past climate impacts
173(1)
8.1.5 The study of future climate impacts
173(1)
8.1.6 Summary
174(2)
8.2 Hydrological changes already "observable"
176(4)
8.2.1 The case of metropolitan France
176(3)
8.2.2 Continental trends: Western Europe
179(1)
8.3 Hydrological projections
180(4)
8.3.1 For French rivers
180(1)
8.3.2 For continental Europe
181(3)
8.4 Conclusion
184(1)
8.5 References
184(3)
Chapter 9 Spatial Impacts of Melting Central Asian Glaciers: towards a "Water War"?
187(22)
Alain Cariou
9.1 Societies and economies dependent on the cryosphere
187(11)
9.1.1 The possibility of water scarcity and "water war"?
187(1)
9.1.2 "Water tower" mountains for arid depressions
188(6)
9.1.3 Tensions between riparian and rival states
194(4)
9.2 The impact of climate change on water resources
198(7)
9.2.1 Recession of the cryosphere
198(2)
9.2.2 The consequences of cryosphere retreat on hydrology
200(2)
9.2.3 Human societies facing the challenge of climate change
202(3)
9.3 Conclusion
205(1)
9.4 References
206(3)
Chapter 10 Spatial Impact of Climate Change on Winter Droughts in the Mediterranean and Consequences on Agriculture
209(16)
Florian Raymond
Albin Ullmann
10.1 Climate variability and change in the Mediterranean basin
209(2)
10.2 Droughts during rainy seasons
211(5)
10.2.1 Rainfall drought: the absence of rain in time and space
211(1)
10.2.2 Detection of very long dry events in the Mediterranean Sea
212(1)
10.2.3 Spatial and temporal characteristics of the main event patterns of very long dry spells
213(3)
10.3 Rainfall droughts in the Mediterranean: impacts on Spanish agrosystems
216(2)
10.4 Rainfall droughts in the Mediterranean: projections for the future
218(3)
10.5 Conclusion
221(1)
10.6 References
222(3)
Chapter 11 The Spatial Impacts of Climate Change on Viticulture Around the World
225(18)
Herve Quenol
Renan Le Roux
11.1 Introduction
225(1)
11.2 Recent climatic trends in the world's wine-growing regions
226(1)
11.3 Climate zoning in viticulture
227(3)
11.4 Impact of climate change: anticipating changes in the spatial distribution of vines
230(8)
11.4.1 Towards climate change modeling in wine-growing regions
231(5)
11.4.2 The need to take into account local factors
236(2)
11.5 Conclusion
238(1)
11.6 References
239(4)
Chapter 12 Climate Change in the Amazon: A Multi-scalar Approach
243(24)
Vincent Dubreuil
Damien Arvor
Beatriz Funatsu
Vincent Nedelec
Neli de Mello-Thery
12.1 Introduction
243(1)
12.2 The Amazonian climate system
244(6)
12.2.1 Heat, humidity and regional diversity
244(3)
12.2.2 Radiation balance and general circulation
247(1)
12.2.3 The forest-climate interaction issue
248(2)
12.3 A changing system: deforestation, warming and drying?
250(7)
12.3.1 Pioneering dynamics: rise and (provisory?) decline
250(2)
12.3.2 Increase in temperature and decrease in rainfall
252(1)
12.3.3 The dynamics of the start and end dates of the rainy season
252(2)
12.3.4 Local effects of land-use changes
254(3)
12.4 Uncertainties of future changes, perceptions and adaptations
257(4)
12.4.1 Savanization and tipping points
257(1)
12.4.2 An overall impact which is certain, but which remains to be specified
258(1)
12.4.3 Perceptions and adaptations by local populations
259(2)
12.5 Conclusion: a stake in the global negotiations
261(2)
12.6 References
263(4)
Chapter 13 The impacts of Climate Change on the Distribution of Biomes
267(22)
Delphine Gramond
13.1 Biomes, a representation of life on a global scale
268(6)
13.1.1 The biome, an indicator of climatic context: what are the realities?
269(1)
13.1.2 From the roots of a globalizing concept to the emergence of an operational scale
270(4)
13.2 Structural and functional impacts of climate change on terrestrial biomes
274(5)
13.2.1 From bioclimatic bathing to modification of ecological processes
274(1)
13.2.2 Identifying changes: from global diagnosis to biological responses
275(4)
13.3 Spatializing change: biome modeling
279(5)
13.3.1 Observed and projected global impacts
279(3)
13.3.2 Observed and projected impacts for the Arctic region
282(2)
13.4 Conclusion
284(2)
13.5 References
286(3)
Chapter 14 Spatial Impacts of Climate Change on Birds
289(22)
Laurent Godet
14.1 Introduction
289(2)
14.2 Contemporary distributional changes
291(6)
14.2.1 Latitudinal shifts
292(1)
14.2.2 Altitudinal shifts
293(2)
14.2.3 Spatial manifestations of range changes
295(2)
14.3 Different responses for different species
297(2)
14.3.1 Dispersion capabilities
297(1)
14.3.2 Reproductive capacity
298(1)
14.3.3 Generalist nature
299(1)
14.4 Conservation implications
299(3)
14.4.1 Ecological consequences
299(1)
14.4.2 Conservation measures
300(2)
14.5 Conclusion
302(1)
14.6 References
303(8)
List of Authors 311(2)
Index 313
Denis Mercier is Professor of Geography at Sorbonne University and a member of the Laboratory of Physical Geography: Quaternary and Current Environments. His research focuses on the impacts of climate change on the polar environment and the risks of flooding and sea submergence.
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781119817925_pe.html
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