E-grāmata: Special Distillation Processes

Chapter 1. Thermodynamic fundamentals		1	(58)
1. Vapor-liquid phase equilibrium		1	(28)
1.1. The equilibrium ratio		1	(13)
1.2. Liquid-phase Activity coefficient in binary and multi-component mixtures		14	(15)
2. Vapor-liquid-liquid phase equilibrium		29	(1)
3. Salt effect		30	(8)
4. Nonequilibrium Thermodynamic analysis		38	(6)
5. Multi-component mass transfer		44	(11)
References		55	(4)
Chapter 2. Extractive distillation		59	(86)
1. Introduction		59	(4)
2. Process of extractive distillation		63	(12)
2.1. Column sequence		63	(6)
2.2. Combination with other separation processes		69	(1)
2.3. Tray configuration		70	(2)
2.4. Operation policy		72	(3)
3. Solvent of extractive distillation		75	(17)
3.1. Extractive distillation with solid salt		75	(4)
3.2. Extractive distillation with liquid solvent		79	(7)
3.3. Extractive distillation with the combination of liquid solvent and solid salt		86	(3)
3.4. Extractive distillation with ionic liquid		89	(3)
4. Experimental techniques of extractive distillation		92	(9)
4.1. Direct method		93	(3)
4.2. Gas-liquid chromatography method		96	(1)
4.3. Ebulliometric method		97	(1)
4.4. Inert gas stripping and gas chromatography method		98	(3)
5. CAMD of extractive distillation		101	(17)
5.1. CAMD for screening solvents		101	(15)
5.2. Other methods for screening solvents		116	(2)
6. Theory of extractive distillation		118	(8)
6.1. Prausnitz and Anderson theory		119	(3)
6.2. Scaled particle theory		122	(4)
7. Mathematical models of extractive distillation		126	(14)
7.1. EQ stage model		127	(6)
7.2. NEQ stage model		133	(7)
References		140	(5)
Chapter 3. Azeotropic distillation		145	(33)
1. Introduction		145	(4)
2. Entrainer selection		149	(5)
3. Mathematical models		154	(21)
3.1. Graphical method		154	(11)
3.2. EQ and NEQ stage models		165	(7)
3.3. Multiple steady-state analysis		172	(3)
References		175	(3)
Chapter 4. Catalytic distillation		178	(44)
1. Fixed-bed catalytic distillation		178	(11)
1.1. FCD Advantages		178	(3)
1.2. Hardware structure		181	(6)
1.3. Mathematical models		187	(2)
2. Suspension catalytic distillation		189	(29)
2.1. Tray efficiency and hydrodynamics of SCD		189	(10)
2.2. Alkylation of benzene and propylene		199	(11)
2.3. Alkylation of benzene and 1-dodecene		210	(8)
References		218	(4)
Chapter 5. Adsorption distillation		222	(19)
1. Fixed-bed adsorption distillation		222	(8)
1.1. Introduction		222	(1)
1.2. Thermodynamic interpretation		223	(1)
1.3. Comparison of FAD and extractive distillation		224	(6)
2. Suspension adsorption distillation		230	(9)
2.1. Introduction		230	(1)
2.2. Thermodynamic interpretation		231	(8)
References		239	(2)
Chapter 6. Membrane distillation		241	(79)
1. Introduction		241	(1)
2. Separation principle		242	(8)
2.1. MD phenomenon		242	(1)
2.2. Definition of MD process		243	(1)
2.3. Membrane characteristics		243	(2)
2.4. Membrane wetting		245	(1)
2.5. The advantages of MD		246	(1)
2.6. MD configurations		247	(3)
3. Transport process		250	(7)
3.1. Heat transfer		250	(2)
3.2. Mass transfer		252	(2)
3.3. Mechanism of gas transport in porous medium		254	(2)
3.4. Characteristics of porous membrane		256	(1)
4. Mathematical model		257	(28)
4.1. Mathematical model of DCMD		259	(3)
4.2. Performance of DCMD		262	(10)
4.3. Mathematical model of VMD		272	(4)
4.4. Performance of VMD		276	(4)
4.5. Mathematical model of AGMD		280	(2)
4.6. Performance of AGMD		282	(3)
5. Module performance		285	(25)
5.1. Performance of flat sheet membrane module		285	(11)
5.2. Performance of hollow fibre membrane module		296	(14)
6. Applications of MD		310	(7)
6.1. Desalination		310	(3)
6.2. Concentration of aqueous solution		313	(3)
6.3. Separation of volatile component		316	(1)
References		317	(3)
Chapter 7. Pressure-swing distillation		320	(8)
1. Introduction		320	(2)
1.1. Separation principle		320	(1)
1.2. Operation modes		320	(2)
2. Design of PSD		322	(5)
2.1. Column sequence		322	(2)
2.2. Column number		324	(3)
References		327	(1)
Chapter 8. Other distillation techniques		328	(26)
1. High viscosity material distillation		328	(5)
1.1. Introduction		328	(1)
1.2. Design of high-efficiency flow-guided sieve tray		329	(3)
1.3. Industrial application of high-efficiency flow-guided sieve tray		332	(1)
2. Thermally coupled distillation		333	(16)
2.1. Introduction		333	(4)
2.2. Design and synthesis of TCD		337	(10)
2.3. Application of TCD in special distillation processes		347	(2)
3. Heat pump and multi-effect distillations		349	(1)
4. Molecular distillation		350	(1)
References		351	(3)
Index		354

Zhigang Lei was born in Hubei province (China) in 1973. He received his B.S. degree in 1995 from Wuhan Institute of Technology, and Ph.D. degree in 2000 from Tsinghua University. Then, he became a postdoctoral researcher in Beijing University of Chemical Technology working with Professor Chengyue Li. In 2003 2005, he worked as a researcher in Research Center of Supercritical Fluid Technology (Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan). In 2005 2006, he got the world-famous Humboldt Fellowship and carried out his research in Chair of Separation Science and Technology (Universität Erlange-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany). In 2006, he came back to China. He is now a Professor in State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering (BUCT, China). His current research interests include chemical process intensification and predictive molecular thermodynamics. He has contributed to about 140 papers in international journals and one book entitled Special Distillation Processes” published by Elsevier B.V. (2005). Biaohua Chen was born in Jiangxi province (China) in 1963. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1996 from China University of Petroleum (Beijing). In 2000, he was a visiting scholar at Washington University in St. Louis and the University of Washington. He has received two National Science and Technology Progress Prize (second class), and a few provincial or ministerial level prizes. Now he is a member of the Standing Committee of Beijing Chemical Industry Association and a member of the Editorial Board of the Journal of Petrochemical Universities (China). His main research interests are environmental and green chemistry. He has contributed to more than 150 papers in international journals. Zhongwei Ding is the professor of chemical engineering at Beijing University of Chemical technology. He received B.S. degree from Qingdao Institution of Chemical Technology in 1991, and M.S. and Ph.D. degree from Beijing University of Chemical Technology in 1994 and 2001, respectively. From 1994 to 1998, he worked as a computer programmer of process simulation software. Since 1999, he has conducted research work on membrane science and technology for twenty years, mainly focusing on membrane distillation, microfiltration, membrane contactors, and gas separation by membrane. He has authored and coauthored over 80 research papers and five books.