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Spectroscopy, Diffraction and Tomography in Art and Heritage Science [Mīkstie vāki]

Edited by (Professor, Universiteit Gent, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Ghent, Belgium), Edited by (Emeritus Professor, The University of Warwick, Department of Physics, Coventry, UK)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 406 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 860 g, 174 illustrations (24 in full color); Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jul-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 012818860X
  • ISBN-13: 9780128188606
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Spectroscopy, Diffraction and Tomography in Art and Heritage SciencePalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 406 pages, height x width: 235x191 mm, weight: 860 g, 174 illustrations (24 in full color); Illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jul-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • ISBN-10: 012818860X
  • ISBN-13: 9780128188606
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780128188606.html
Keywords:

Spectroscopy, Diffraction and Tomography in Art and Heritage Science gives an overview of the main spectroscopy and diffraction techniques currently available for cultural heritage research. It starts with an introductory, general discussion of spectroscopy and diffraction and the kinds of information they can give. Further sections deal with, respectively, typical laboratory methods, mobile equipment, and large-scale instruments and infrastructural methods. The work concludes with comments on combining and comparing multiple techniques, sources of error, and limitations of the analytical methods.

  • Explains spectroscopy and diffraction techniques in detail, yet remains accessible to those without a chemistry or physics background
  • Provides explanations of commonly used terms, such as destructive, non-destructive, non-invasive, in-situ, and ex-situ, and their sometimes-misleading origins
  • Includes real-world examples that demonstrate how each technique is used in the field
  • Highlights the complementary use of different analytical techniques in fully interpreting the data
Contributors xiii
Chapter 1 Origins and fundamentals 1(44)
Mark Dowsett
Mieke Adriaens
1 Introduction
1(2)
2 A brief cultural history of optics and spectroscopy
3(16)
2.1 Optics
3(5)
2.2 Light, vision, and spectra
8(5)
2.3 The two slit experiment
13(6)
3 The eye as a spectroscope
19(3)
4 Radiation beams
22(11)
4.1 Beam energy and momentum
23(1)
4.2 Wavelength and frequency
24(2)
4.3 Particles in a beam
26(1)
4.4 More beam parameters
27(5)
4.5 Information depth
32(1)
5 Destructive, nondestructive, invasive, and noninvasive techniques
33(6)
5.1 Destructive and nondestructive
33(2)
5.2 Microdestructive techniques
35(1)
5.3 Noninvasive analysis
36(1)
5.4 How to approach a truly nondestructive analysis
37(2)
References
39(6)
Chapter 2 Raman and infrared spectroscopy in conservation and restoration 45(26)
Anastasia Rousaki
Peter Vandenabeele
1 Raman and infrared spectroscopy in conservation and restoration
46(1)
2 Introduction to vibrational spectroscopy
46(3)
3 Raman spectroscopy
49(9)
3.1 Laboratory Raman analysis
49(3)
3.2 Direct and on-site Raman spectroscopy
52(4)
3.3 Other Raman approaches and techniques
56(2)
4 Infrared spectroscopy
58(2)
5 Conclusions
60(1)
Acknowledgments
60(1)
References
60(11)
Chapter 3 Spectroscopy and diffraction using the electron microscope 71(32)
Philippe Sciau
Marie Godet
1 Basic principles and main outlines
71(2)
2 Electron/matter interactions
73(2)
3 Scanning electron microscopy
75(8)
3.1 Imaging modes
75(1)
3.2 Spectroscopy analysis
76(5)
3.3 Diffraction
81(2)
4 Transmission electron microscopy
83(8)
4.1 Sample preparation
84(2)
4.2 The instrument
86(1)
4.3 Electron diffraction (SAED and CBED)
86(3)
4.4 Imaging modes
89(2)
4.5 Chemical analysis
91(1)
5 Scanning transmission electron microscopy
91(9)
5.1 Principle
91(1)
5.2 STEM imaging (BF, DF, HAADF)
92(1)
5.3 STEM-EDX
92(1)
5.4 STEM-EELS
93(3)
5.5 STEM-PACOM (precession-assisted crystal orientation mapping)
96(2)
5.6 Beam damage
98(2)
6 Conclusions
100(1)
Acknowledgment
101(1)
References
101(2)
Chapter 4 UV-visible-near IR reflectance spectrophotometry in a museum environment 103(30)
Paola Ricciardi
1 Introduction
103(2)
2 Advantages and limitations of UV-vis-NIR reflectance spectroscopy for the analysis of museum objects
105(3)
3 Instrumentation, setup and data processing methods
108(7)
4 Complementary methods
115(1)
5 Research questions and case studies
116(9)
5.1 Cross-disciplinary research on medieval and Renaissance illuminated manuscripts
117(2)
5.2 Getting it right: Identification of gemstones in historical jewelry
119(3)
5.3 Recovering lost pigments and revealing construction techniques of medieval polychrome wood sculpture
122(3)
6 Where next?
125(2)
Acknowledgments
127(1)
Dedication
127(1)
References
128(5)
Chapter 5 Neutron and X-ray tomography in cultural heritage studies 133(28)
Eberhard Lehmann
David Mannes
1 Introduction: The aim of cultural heritage studies with tomography methods
133(3)
2 Tomography as a general method
136(4)
3 Neutron interaction with matter
140(1)
4 X-ray interaction with matter
141(2)
5 Tomography facilities at PSI
143(1)
6 Examples of tomography studies for cultural heritage objects
144(11)
6.1 Renaissance Bronzes from the Rijksmuseum Amsterdam, The Netherlands
145(1)
6.2 The sword from the Lake Zug, the "Oberwiler Degen"
146(1)
6.3 Corrosion studies on iron samples
147(3)
6.4 Documentation of the corrosion condition of the lead sculpture "El Violinista" by Pablo Gargallo
150(1)
6.5 The golden bust of Marcus Aurelius
151(2)
6.6 Study of the content of Buddhist bronze sculptures-The Buddha Shakyamuni Bhumisparsha Mudra
153(1)
6.7 Comparative study of pearls using X-ray and neutron tomography
154(1)
7 Future trends and developments
155(2)
8 Tomography facilities for cultural heritage studies and how to access them
157(1)
References
157(4)
Chapter 6 X-ray diffraction 161(48)
Mark Dowsett
Rita Wiesinger
Mieke Adriaens
1 Introduction
161(1)
2 A brief description of X-rays and their interaction with matter
162(2)
3 Crystal structure
164(4)
3.1 Lattice point and point lattice
164(2)
3.2 The unit cell
166(1)
3.3 The basis and the crystal lattice
166(2)
4 X-ray (and other) diffraction
168(9)
4.1 Coherence and interference
168(1)
4.2 Crystallographic planes and Bragg's law
169(3)
4.3 The Laue equations and Miller indices
172(2)
4.4 Some nomenclature and notation
174(2)
4.5 Symmetry, missing reflections and intensity
176(1)
5 Instrumentation and measurement
177(12)
5.1 Overview
177(3)
5.2 Single crystal, powder, and surface powder diffraction
180(3)
5.3 X-ray sources
183(2)
5.4 Zero, one, and two dimensional detectors
185(1)
5.5 Plotting, comparing and analyzing data
186(2)
5.6 Information content for heritage
188(1)
6 Applications-Laboratory instrumentation
189(4)
6.1 Wiener Neustadt treasure trove
189(2)
6.2 Macroscopic X-ray powder diffraction mapping (MA-XRPD)
191(1)
6.3 Composite materials, e.g., enameled metal
191(1)
6.4 Synthetic corrosion protocols
191(1)
6.5 Pigments: Inorganic analysis in painting cross-sections
192(1)
7 Applications-Synchrotron XRD
193(8)
7.1 Real time monitoring
193(7)
7.2 Structural analysis-Pigments
200(1)
7.3 Microstructural analysis-Geology to cosmetics
201(1)
8 Conclusion
201(1)
Acknowledgements
202(1)
References
202(7)
Chapter 7 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy in cultural heritage science 209(44)
Rosalba Gaudiuso
1 Introduction
209(2)
2 Principles of LIBS
211(6)
2.1 Laser-induced plasmas
211(3)
2.2 LIBS as an analytical technique
214(1)
2.3 Instrumentation
215(2)
3 Depth profiles
217(6)
3.1 Depth profiles of cultural heritage materials
219(2)
3.2 Monitoring of laser cleaning
221(2)
4 Onsite, remote, and standoff LIBS
223(9)
4.1 Laboratory feasibility studies
224(5)
4.2 In situ and stand-off field measurements
229(3)
5 Underwater LIBS
232(3)
6 Other applications
235(3)
7 Conclusions
238(1)
References
238(15)
Chapter 8 Neutron diffraction 253(34)
Winfried Kockelmann
Evelyne Godfrey
1 Introduction
253(2)
2 Basics of neutron diffraction
255(8)
2.1 Bragg's law
255(1)
2.2 Analysis of a neutron diffraction pattern
255(6)
2.3 Neutron diffraction imaging
261(2)
2.4 Other diffraction modes
263(1)
3 Instrumental and experimental considerations
263(14)
3.1 Neutron sources
263(1)
3.2 TOF neutron diffraction
264(2)
3.3 Analysis setup on a neutron diffractometer
266(4)
3.4 Data processing and analysis
270(5)
3.5 Sources of errors in neutron diffraction
275(2)
3.6 Neutron activation of objects
277(1)
4 Case study: Neutron diffraction on coining dies
277(5)
5 Summary
282(1)
Acknowledgments
283(1)
References
283(4)
Chapter 9 Laboratory and synchrotron X-ray spectroscopy 287(48)
Laszlo Vincze
Pieter Tack
Brecht Laforce
Ella De Pauw
Stephen Bauters
Geert Silversmit
Bart Vekemans
1 Introduction
287(2)
2 Principles of XRF
289(2)
3 Quantitative considerations in XRF analysis
291(5)
3.1 Fundamental parameter equation
292(2)
3.2 MC simulation of ED-XRF spectra
294(2)
4 Laboratory scale instrumentation
296(8)
4.1 Portable and handheld XRF
296(2)
4.2 Macro-XRF
298(4)
4.3 Confocal-XRF
302(2)
5 Synchrotron-based X-ray micro-spectroscopy
304(4)
6 X-ray absorption spectroscopy
308(4)
6.1 X-ray absorption near edge structure
310(1)
6.2 Extended X-ray absorption fine structure
310(2)
7 Applications
312(8)
7.1 Determination of ink composition of Herculaneum papyrus scrolls
312(3)
7.2 Studies on Iron Gall ink
315(1)
7.3 The investigation of Chinese blue-and-white porcelain dating from the Ming dynasty
316(4)
8 Novel detection methods
320(3)
8.1 Full-field XRF/XAS
320(1)
8.2 X-ray excited optical luminescence
321(2)
9 Radiation-induced changes and impact of X-ray irradiation
323(1)
References
324(11)
Chapter 10 Ion beam analysis for cultural heritage 335(30)
Chris Jeynes
1 Overview
335(2)
1.1 Why ion beam analysis?
335(1)
1.2 What is IBA?
336(1)
2 Glossary
337(2)
3 Surveying the accelerator laboratory
339(4)
3.1 Quick walk through the lab
339(2)
3.2 More leisurely walk through the lab
341(2)
4 Ion beams
343(3)
4.1 Energy loss (elastic and inelastic)
343(1)
4.2 Ionising radiation hazard
344(1)
4.3 Imaging
345(1)
4.4 Sample damage
345(1)
5 IBA methods
346(9)
5.1 Ion beam-induced luminescence
346(1)
5.2 Particle-induced X-ray emission
347(2)
5.3 Elastic backscattering spectrometry
349(5)
5.4 Elastic recoil detection
354(1)
5.5 Particle-induced y-ray emission
355(1)
6 Total-IBA
355(4)
7 Summary
359(1)
References
360(5)
Chapter 11 High-energy particle analysis 365(20)
Andrea Denker
1 Introduction and motivation
365(1)
2 Proton-induced X-ray emission
365(10)
2.1 Basic principles
365(6)
2.2 High-energy PIXE
371(3)
2.3 Experimental set-up
374(1)
3 Paintings
375(4)
4 Metals
379(3)
4.1 Egyptian scarab
379(1)
4.2 Silver coins
380(2)
5 Conclusion
382(1)
Acknowledgment
382(1)
References
382(3)
Index 385
Professor of Analytical Chemistry at Ghent University (Belgium). Graduated with a PhD in Analytical Chemistry in 1993 from the University of Antwerp (Belgium), where she was involved in the optimization of new technologies for inorganic micro and trace analysis. Current research involves the use of synchrotron spectroelectrochemistry for monitoring and treatment of corroded metallic objects. She has gained expertise for over 25 years in the interdisciplinary field of science and cultural heritage. Her contributions to the latter field include chairmanship of COST Action G8 Non-destructive Analysis and Testing of Museum Objects”, vice-chairmanship of COST Action D42 Chemical Interactions between Cultural Artefacts and Indoor Environment” and vice-chairmanship of the European Federation of Corrosion Working Party 21: Corrosion of Archaeological and Historical Artifacts”. Emeritus Professor in Physics at The University of Warwick, UK. He gained his PhD from the City of London Polytechnic in 1977 after constructing one of the UKs earliest static SIMS instruments. Moving to Warwick in 1986, he pursued a career in instrument and technique development being responsible for several innovations underpinning the ultra low energy SIMS technique such as the floating low energy ion gun (FLIG) and the SIMS depth resolution function (Dowsett-Rowlands function). In 2003 he switched fields to develop instrumentation for synchrotron spectroelectrochemistry and spectromicroscopy and is responsible for a range of environmental cells, a XEOL microscope and in-situ x-ray diffraction methodologies all applied to heritage science.