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E-grāmata: Spoken, Multilingual and Multimodal Dialogue Systems: Development and Assessment

(Granada University, Spain), (Kyoto Institute of Technology, Japan)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Jan-2007
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780470021569
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Spoken, Multilingual and Multimodal Dialogue Systems: Development and AssessmentPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 11-Jan-2007
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780470021569
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Dialogue systems are a very appealing technology with an extraordinary future. Spoken, Multilingual and Multimodal Dialogues Systems: Development and Assessment addresses the great demand for information about the development of advanced dialogue systems combining speech with other modalities under a multilingual framework. It aims to give a systematic overview of dialogue systems and recent advances in the practical application of spoken dialogue systems. Spoken Dialogue Systems are computer-based systems developed to provide information and carry out simple tasks using speech as the interaction mode. Examples include travel information and reservation, weather forecast information, directory information and product order. Multimodal Dialogue Systems aim to overcome the limitations of spoken dialogue systems which use speech as the only communication means, while Multilingual Systems allow interaction with users that speak different languages.





Presents a clear snapshot of the structure of a standard dialogue system, by addressing its key components in the context of multilingual and multimodal interaction and the assessment of spoken, multilingual and multimodal systems In addition to the fundamentals of the technologies employed, the development and evaluation of these systems are described Highlights recent advances in the practical application of spoken dialogue systems

This comprehensive overview is a must for graduate students and academics in the fields of speech recognition, speech synthesis, speech processing, language, and humancomputer interaction technolgy. It will also prove to be a valuable resource to system developers working in these areas.
Preface ix
1 Introduction to Dialogue Systems 1(15)
1.1 Human-Computer Interaction and Speech Processing
1(1)
1.2 Spoken Dialogue Systems
2(2)
1.2.1 Technological Precedents
3(1)
1.3 Multimodal Dialogue Systems
4(3)
1.4 Multilingual Dialogue Systems
7(1)
1.5 Dialogue Systems Referenced in This Book
7(4)
1.6 Area Organisation and Research Directions
11(2)
1.7 Overview of the Book
13(2)
1.8 Further Reading
15(1)
2 Technologies Employed to Set Up Dialogue Systems 16(38)
2.1 Input Interface
16(18)
2.1.1 Automatic Speech Recognition
17(5)
2.1.2 Natural Language Processing
22(2)
2.1.3 Face Localisation and Tracking
24(2)
2.1.4 Gaze Tracking
26(2)
2.1.5 Lip-reading Recognition
28(2)
2.1.6 Gesture Recognition
30(3)
2.1.7 Handwriting Recognition
33(1)
2.2 Multimodal Processing
34(10)
2.2.1 Multimodal Data Fusion
34(2)
2.2.2 Multimodal Data Storage
36(5)
2.2.3 Dialogue Management
41(1)
2.2.4 Task Module
41(1)
2.2.5 Database Module
42(1)
2.2.6 Response Generation
43(1)
2.3 Output Interface
44(7)
2.3.1 Graphic Generation
44(3)
2.3.2 Natural Language Generation
47(1)
2.3.3 Speech Synthesis
48(3)
2.3.4 Sound Generation
51(1)
2.3.5 Tactile/Haptic Generation
51(1)
2.4 Summary
51(2)
2.5 Further Reading
53(1)
3 Multimodal Dialogue Systems 54(32)
3.1 Benefits of Multimodal Interaction
54(5)
3.1.1 In Terms of System Input
54(2)
3.1.2 In Terms of System Processing
56(2)
3.1.3 In Terms of System Output
58(1)
3.2 Development of Multimodal Dialogue Systems
59(25)
3.2.1 Development Techniques
59(4)
3.2.2 Data Fusion
63(4)
3.2.3 Architectures of Multimodal Systems
67(3)
3.2.4 Animated Agents
70(9)
3.2.5 Research Trends
79(5)
3.3 Summary
84(1)
3.4 Further Reading
85(1)
4 Multilingual Dialogue Systems 86(32)
4.1 Implications of Multilinguality in the Architecture of Dialogue Systems
86(9)
4.1.1 Consideration of Alternatives in Multilingual Dialogue Systems
86(5)
4.1.2 Interlingua Approach
91(1)
4.1.3 Semantic Frame Conversion Approach
92(2)
4.1.4 Dialogue-Control Centred Approach
94(1)
4.2 Multilingual Dialogue Systems Based on Interlingua
95(12)
4.2.1 MIT Voyager System
95(3)
4.2.2 MIT Jupiter System
98(2)
4.2.3 KIT System
100(7)
4.3 Multilingual Dialogue Systems Based on Web Applications
107(10)
4.3.1 Requirements for Practical Multilingual Dialogue Systems
108(1)
4.3.2 Dialogue Systems Based on Web Applications
108(3)
4.3.3 Multilingual Dialogue Systems Based on the MVC Framework
111(3)
4.3.4 Implementation of Multilingual Voice Portals
114(3)
4.4 Summary
117(1)
4.5 Further Reading
117(1)
5 Dialogue Annotation, Modelling and Management 118(33)
5.1 Dialogue Annotation
118(6)
5.1.1 Annotation of Spoken Dialogue Corpora
118(3)
5.1.2 Annotation of Multimodal Dialogue Corpora
121(3)
5.2 Dialogue Modelling
124(3)
5.2.1 State-Transition Networks
125(1)
5.2.2 Plans
126(1)
5.3 Dialogue Management
127(4)
5.3.1 Interaction Strategies
127(1)
5.3.2 Confirmation Strategies
128(3)
5.4 Implications of Multimodality in the Dialogue Management
131(10)
5.4.1 Interaction Complexity
131(2)
5.4.2 Confirmations
133(1)
5.4.3 Social and Emotional Dialogue
134(1)
5.4.4 Contextual Information
135(2)
5.4.5 User References
137(3)
5.4.6 Response Generation
140(1)
5.5 Implications of Multilinguality in the Dialogue Management
141(3)
5.5.1 Reference Resolution in Multilingual Dialogue Systems
141(1)
5.5.2 Ambiguity of Speech Acts in Multilingual Dialogue Systems
142(1)
5.5.3 Differences in the Interactive Behaviour of Multilingual Dialogue Systems
143(1)
5.6 Implications of Task Independency in the Dialogue Management
144(5)
5.6.1 Dialogue Task Classification
144(2)
5.6.2 Task Modification in Each Task Class
146(3)
5.7 Summary
149(1)
5.8 Further Reading
150(1)
6 Development Tools 151(38)
6.1 Tools for Spoken and Multilingual Dialogue Systems
151(25)
6.1.1 Tools to Develop System Modules
151(8)
6.1.2 Web-Oriented Standards and Tools for Spoken Dialogue Systems
159(11)
6.1.3 Internet Portals
170(6)
6.2 Standards and Tools for Multimodal Dialogue Systems
176(11)
6.2.1 Web-Oriented Multimodal Dialogue
176(3)
6.2.2 Face and Body Animation
179(2)
6.2.3 System Development Tools
181(4)
6.2.4 Multimodal Annotation Tools
185(2)
6.3 Summary
187(1)
6.4 Further Reading
187(2)
7 Assessment 189(30)
7.1 Overview of Evaluation Techniques
189(3)
7.1.1 Classification of Evaluation Techniques
190(2)
7.2 Evaluation of Spoken and Multilingual Dialogue Systems
192(10)
7.2.1 Subsystem-Level Evaluation
192(4)
7.2.2 End-to-End Evaluation
196(1)
7.2.3 Dialogue Processing Evaluation
197(2)
7.2.4 System-to-System Automatic Evaluation
199(3)
7.3 Evaluation of Multimodal Dialogue Systems
202(15)
7.3.1 System-Level Evaluation
203(5)
7.3.2 Subsystem-Level Evaluation
208(2)
7.3.3 Evaluation of Multimodal Data Fusion
210(2)
7.3.4 Evaluation of Animated Agents
212(5)
7.4 Summary
217(1)
7.5 Further Reading
218(1)
Appendix A Basic Tutorial on VoiceXML 219(10)
Appendix B Multimodal Databases 229(4)
Appendix C Coding Schemes for Multimodal Resources 233(2)
Appendix D URLs of Interest 235(2)
Appendix E List of Abbreviations 237(2)
References 239(14)
Index 253


Ramón López-Cózar Delgado is Associate Professor in the Department of Languages and Computer Systems, Computer Science Faculty, Granada University, Spain.  He has published over 30 papers in international journals and conferences concerned with dialogue systems.  He is member of the COST Action 278 Spoken Language Interaction in Telecommunications Masahiro Araki is an Associate Professor at Department of Electronics and Information Science, Kyoto Institute of Technology. His current interests are spoken dialogue processing and artificial intelligence.  He is a member of ACL and ISCA.

Joćo P. Neto is Assistant Professor at Instituto Superior Técnico (IST), Technical University of Lisbon in signal theory, discrete signal processing, control systems and neural networks. His research interests focus on spoken, multimodal and multilingual dialogue systems, speech recognition and understanding, dialogue management and speech synthesis.
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