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Strategic Planning for Public Relations 5th New edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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(Buffalo State College, USA)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 540 pages, weight: 1140 g, Following last edn
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jul-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138282065
  • ISBN-13: 9781138282063
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 540 pages, weight: 1140 g, Following last edn
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jul-2017
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1138282065
  • ISBN-13: 9781138282063
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Strategic Planning for Public Relations is in its fifth edition of offering an innovative and clear approach for students looking to learn how to develop public relations campaigns. It is a text intended for those serious about entering the rapidly changing professions of public relations and strategic communication. Ronald Smith shows how to implement pragmatic, research-driven strategic campaigns used in public relations practice, and draws from his years of experience as a professional in the industry and his years of teaching in the classroom.









The approach used in this text is a threefold pattern: first, readers are exposed to new ideas, then see them in use, before finally being showed how to apply those ideas themselves. Complex problem-solving and decision-making processes in strategic communication and public relations are turned into a series of easy-to-follow steps, flexible enough to be applicable to myriad situations and organizations in the real world.









This new fifth edition follows the same format as previous editions and includes numerous timely and real-world examples of cases and current events, along with classic cases that stand the test of time. It includes new research on opinions and practices within the discipline and covers several recent, award-winning public relations campaigns.
Preface xvii
New to This Fifth Edition
xvii
Note to Students
xviii
Note to Public Relations Practitioners
xviii
Note to Instructors
xix
Who Uses This Book?
xix
Acknowledgments
xxi
Personal Dedication
xxi
An Invitation
xxii
About the Author xxiii
Cases and Examples xxv
Introduction 1(24)
Organizational Process
3(3)
Benefits of Public Relations
4(2)
Strategic Communication
6(2)
Integrated Communication
8(4)
Advertising
12(2)
Public Relations in the Public Interest
14(2)
Strategic Public Relations
16(5)
Phase 1: Formative Research
18(1)
Phase 2: Strategy
19(1)
Phase 3: Tactics
20(1)
Phase 4: Evaluative Research
20(1)
Effective Creativity
21(4)
Phase One Formative Research 25(76)
Step 1 Analyzing the Situation
27(20)
Public Relations Situation
27(5)
Learning from Research
28(1)
Obstacles into Opportunities
29(1)
Finding Consensus
29(3)
Issues Management
32(1)
Background of Issues Management
32(1)
Risk Management
33(4)
Crisis Management
37(4)
Unpredicted, but Not Unpredictable
40(1)
Public Relations and Ethics
41(2)
Ethical Shortcomings
43(1)
What's Next?
43(1)
Planning Example 1: Analyzing the Situation
44(1)
Checklist 1: Public Relations Situation
44(3)
Step 2 Analyzing the Organization
47(16)
Internal Environment
48(3)
Public Perception
51(2)
Promoting Perception
52(1)
External Environment
53(2)
What's Next?
55(1)
Planning Example 2: Analyzing the Organization
55(2)
Checklist 2A: Internal Environment
57(2)
Checklist 2B: Public Perception
59(1)
Checklist 2C: External Environment
60(3)
Step 3 Analyzing the Publics
63(38)
Public
63(7)
Public, Market, Audience, Stakeholder
63(1)
Interrelationships
64(2)
Characteristics of Publics
66(1)
Categories of Publics
67(2)
Alternative Typologies
69(1)
Intercessory Public
70(2)
Opinion Leader
72(1)
Key Public
73(3)
Planning Example 3A: Identifying Publics
76(2)
Checklist 3A: Publics
78(2)
Analyzing Key Publics
80(4)
Stage of Development
80(4)
Key Characteristics
84(1)
Stereotype
84(6)
Cultural Context
90(3)
Face Saving
91(2)
Rethinking Your Publics
93(1)
Benefit Statement
94(1)
What's Next?
94(1)
Planning Example 3B: Analyzing Key Publics
95(1)
Checklist 3B: Key Publics
96(5)
Phase Two Strategy 101(154)
Step 4 Establishing Goals and Objectives
103(19)
Positioning
103(2)
Positioning Ethics
105(1)
Goal
105(2)
Objective
107(11)
Elements of Objectives
109(3)
Hierarchy of Objectives
112(2)
Developing Objectives
114(1)
Writing Objectives
115(3)
What's Next?
118(1)
Planning Example 4: Establishing Goals and Objectives
118(2)
Checklist 4: Goals and Objectives
120(2)
Step 5 Formulating Action and Response Strategies
122(75)
Proactive Strategy 1: Action
123(18)
Organizational Performance
123(2)
Audience Engagement
125(2)
Special Event
127(2)
Alliance and Coalition
129(2)
Sponsorship
131(2)
Strategic Philanthropy
133(2)
Corporate Social Responsibility
135(2)
Volunteerism
137(2)
Activism
139(2)
Proactive Strategy 2: Communication
141(14)
Publicity
142(3)
Newsworthy Information
145(3)
Generating News
148(2)
News Peg
150(1)
Transparent Communication
151(4)
Media Theory and Public Relations
155(5)
Theory and News Media
155(3)
Theory for Strategic Communication
158(2)
Reactive Public Relations Strategies
160(1)
Reactive Strategy 1: Pre-emptive Action
161(3)
Prebuttal
162(2)
Reactive Strategy 2: Offensive Response
164(4)
Attack
164(1)
Embarrassment
165(1)
Shock
165(1)
Threat
166(1)
Standing Firm
166(2)
Reactive Strategy 3: Defensive Response
168(3)
Denial
168(1)
Excuse
168(1)
Justification
169(2)
Reversal
171(1)
Reactive Strategy 4: Diversionary Response
171(4)
Concession
171(1)
Ingratiation
172(1)
Disassociation
172(2)
Relabeling
174(1)
Reactive Strategy 5: Vocal Commiseration
175(9)
Concern
175(1)
Condolence
176(1)
Regret
176(1)
Apology
177(7)
Reactive Strategy 6: Rectifying Behavior
184(4)
Investigation
185(1)
Corrective Action
185(1)
Restitution
186(1)
Repentance
186(2)
Reactive Strategy 7: Deliberate Inaction
188(4)
Strategic Silence
188(1)
Strategic Ambiguity
189(1)
Strategic Inaction
190(2)
Weighing Options
192(1)
What's Next?
193(1)
Planning Example 5: Formulating Action and Response Strategies
194(1)
Checklist 5: Action and Response Strategies
195(2)
Step 6 Developing the Message Strategy
197(58)
Communication Process
197(4)
Information: Flow of Communication
198(1)
Persuasion: Attempt to Influence
198(1)
Dialogue: Quest for Understanding
199(2)
Rhetorical Tradition of Persuasive Communication
201(2)
Ethos: Message Source
203(5)
Credibility: Power to Inspire
204(2)
Charisma: Power of Personal Charm
206(1)
Control: Power of Command
207(1)
Organizational Spokespeople
208(5)
Celebrity Spokesperson
208(1)
Company Spokesperson
209(3)
Spokespeople and Ethics
212(1)
Planning Example 6A: Selecting Message Sources
213(1)
Checklist 6A: Message Sources
214(1)
Logos: Appeal to Reason
215(5)
Verbal Evidence
216(1)
Visual Supporting Evidence
217(1)
Errors of Logic
217(2)
Statistics
219(1)
Pathos: Appeal to Sentiment
220(7)
Positive Emotional Appeal
220(3)
Negative Emotional Appeal
223(4)
Planning Example 6B: Determining Message Appeal
227(1)
Checklist 6B: Message Appeal
228(2)
Verbal Communication
230(9)
Message Structure
230(2)
Message Content
232(7)
Nonverbal Communication
239(3)
Kinesics
240(1)
Occulesics
241(1)
Proxemics
241(1)
Haptics
241(1)
Vocalics
241(1)
Chronemics
242(1)
Visual and Aural Communication
242(4)
Symbol
242(1)
Logo
243(1)
Physical Artifact
244(1)
Clothing
244(1)
People
244(1)
Mascot
244(1)
Color
245(1)
Music
245(1)
Language
246(1)
Planning Example 6C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
246(1)
Checklist 6C: Verbal and Nonverbal Communication
247(1)
Branding the Strategic Message
248(5)
Language of Branding
249(2)
Lessons about Branding
251(2)
What's Next?
253(2)
Phase Three Tactics 255(108)
Step 7 Selecting Communication Tactics
257(80)
Conventional Communication Tactics
257(2)
Strategic Communication Tactics
259(1)
Interpersonal Communication Tactics
260(12)
Strategy for Interpersonal Communication
261(2)
Personal Involvement
263(1)
Information Exchange
264(2)
Special Events
266(5)
Planning Special Events
271(1)
Planning Example 7A: Selecting Interpersonal Communication Tactics
272(1)
Checklist 7A: Interpersonal Communication Tactics
273(1)
Owned Media: Organizational and Social Media Tactics
274(19)
Strategy for Owned Media
274(1)
Publications
275(5)
Direct Mail
280(1)
Electronic Media
281(2)
Digital Media
283(2)
Social Media
285(8)
Planning Example 7B: Selecting Organizational and Social Media Tactics
293(1)
Checklist 7B: Organizational and Social Media Tactics
294(1)
Earned Media: News Media Tactics
295(11)
Strategy for Earned Media
296(1)
Media Use and Credibility
297(1)
Newspaper
298(1)
Magazine
299(1)
News Blog
300(2)
Radio
302(3)
Television
305(1)
Public Relations and Earned Media
306(13)
Media Information Needs
306(3)
Direct News Subsidy
309(4)
Indirect News Subsidy
313(2)
Opinion Subsidy
315(1)
Interactive Media Engagement
316(3)
Planning Example 7C: Selecting News Media Tactics
319(1)
Checklist 7C: News Media Tactics
320(2)
Paid Media: Advertising and Promotional Tactics
322(12)
Strategy for Paid Media
322(1)
Print Advertising
322(3)
Electronic Media Advertising
325(6)
Out-of-Home Advertising
331(2)
Promotional Items
333(1)
What's Next?
334(1)
Example 7D: Selecting Advertising and Promotional Tactics
334(1)
Checklist 7D: Advertising and Promotional Tactics
335(2)
Step 8 Implementing the Strategic Plan
337(26)
Packaging Communication Tactics
337(4)
Thinking Creatively
338(1)
Putting the Program Together
339(2)
Planning Example 8A: Packaging Communication Tactics
341(1)
Checklist 8A: Packaging Communication Tactics
342(1)
Campaign Plan Book
343(2)
Campaign Schedule
345(4)
Frequency of Tactics
345(2)
Timeline of Tasks
347(2)
Campaign Budget
349(10)
Budget Items
349(2)
Approaches to Budgeting
351(4)
Basic Fixed Budget
355(1)
Variable Budget
355(1)
Full-Cost Budgeting
356(3)
Optimal Success
359(1)
What's Next?
359(1)
Planning Example 8B: Implementing the Strategic Plan
360(1)
Checklist 8B: Implementing the Strategic Plan
361(2)
Phase Four Evaluative Research 363(32)
Step 9 Evaluating the Strategic Plan
365(30)
What to Evaluate
365(3)
Design Questions
366(1)
Evaluation Criteria
366(2)
When to Evaluate
368(5)
Approaches to Research Design
371(1)
Factors in Evaluation Design
372(1)
How to Evaluate
373(13)
Judgmental Assessment
373(2)
Communication Outputs
375(4)
Evaluating Awareness Objectives
379(3)
Evaluating Acceptance Objectives
382(1)
Evaluating Action Objectives
383(3)
Data Analysis
386(1)
Ultimate Evaluation: Value-Added Public Relations
387(3)
Public Relations Metrics
388(1)
Barcelona Declaration
389(1)
What's Next?
390(1)
Planning Example 9: Evaluating the Strategic Plan
391(1)
Checklist 9: Evaluation Plan
392(3)
Appendixes 395(80)
Appendix A Applied Research
397(18)
Research Topics
397(1)
Do-It-Yourself Research
398(1)
Research Ethics
399(3)
Ethical Treatment of People
399(3)
Sampling
402(6)
Nonprobability Sampling Techniques
403(2)
Probability Sampling Techniques
405(2)
Sampling Error and Size
407(1)
Secondary Research
408(4)
Secondary Information Sources
409(3)
Interview
412(3)
Interview Questions
412(2)
Listening Skill
414(1)
Appendix B Applied Research: Focus Group
415(7)
Focus Group Process
415(2)
Conducting a Focus Group
417(5)
Appendix C Applied Research: Survey
422(15)
Survey Administration
422(1)
Response Rate
423(1)
Conducting a Survey
424(3)
Questionnaire
427(6)
General Tips for Questionnaire
427(1)
Writing Impartially
428(1)
Information Items
429(1)
Opinion Items
430(1)
Action Items
430(1)
Demographic Items
431(2)
Types of Responses
433(4)
Multiple Choice
433(1)
Checklist
434(1)
Forced Choice
434(1)
Rating Scale
434(3)
Appendix D Applied Research: Content Analysis
437(10)
Using Content Analysis
437(2)
Using with Other Methodologies
438(1)
Pros and Cons of Content Analysis
438(1)
Conducting a Content Analysis
439(8)
Appendix E Media Engagement
447(14)
Reputation and Media Relations
448(3)
Reputation and Performance
448(1)
Reputation as a Strategic Tool
449(1)
Reputation Management
449(1)
Reputation and News Media
449(1)
Reputation as a Participant Activity
450(1)
Headlines and Bottom Lines
450(1)
Media Relations
451(3)
Media Relations...from the Media Side
451(1)
Media Relations...from the Organization Side
451(1)
Media Relations...from Both Sides
452(1)
Reputational Bumps and Bruises
452(1)
Points for Consideration
452(2)
Credibility
454(7)
Interview Setting
454(1)
If You Are Asked for an Interview
455(1)
Dress for Interview Success
455(1)
Interview Posture
456(1)
Interview Planning
456(1)
Preparing for an Interview
457(1)
Be-Attitudes for Interview Success
458(1)
Interview Attitude
458(1)
Communicating during an Interview
459(1)
Problem Interviews
459(1)
After an Interview
460(1)
Appendix F Crisis Communication
461(8)
Types of Crises
462(1)
Sudden versus Smoldering Crises
463(2)
Crisis Strategy
465(1)
Crisis Messaging
466(2)
Preparing for Crises
468(1)
Appendix G The PR 200 (What Every Public Relations Practitioner Should Know)
469(6)
Strategic Communication
469(1)
Publics
469(1)
Campaign Development and Implementation
470(1)
Theories and Concepts of Public Relations
470(1)
Public Relations Research
471(1)
Proactive Strategy for Public Relations
471(1)
Reactive Strategy for Public Relations
472(1)
Elements of Message Strategy
472(1)
Public Relations Tactics
473(1)
Public Relations Cases
474(1)
Glossary 475(33)
Citations and Recommended Readings 508(12)
Index 520
Ronald D. Smith is Professor Emeritus of Public Communication and former Chair of the Communication Department at Buffalo State (SUNY). He is an accredited member of the Public Relations Society of America.