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E-grāmata: Study of Language

3.67/5 (12 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Hawaii, Manoa)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009233439
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Nov-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009233439
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This bestselling textbook provides an engaging and user-friendly introduction to the study of language. Assuming no prior knowledge of the subject, Yule presents information in bite-sized sections, clearly explaining the major concepts in linguistics and all the key elements of language. This eighth edition has been revised and updated throughout, with major changes in the chapters on Origins, Phonetics, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics, Discourse Analysis, First and Second Language Acquisition and Culture. There are forty new study questions and over sixty new and updated additions to the Further Readings. To increase student engagement and to foster problem-solving and critical thinking skills, the book includes over twenty new tasks. The online resources have been expanded to include test banks, an instructor manual, and a substantial Study Guide. This is the most fundamental and easy-to-use introduction to the study of language.

Recenzijas

'The Study of Language is a very engaging, easy-to-read book that appeals to both native and non-native speakers of English. It is great for both self-study and classroom use. It covers quite a range of sub-fields of linguistics and each chapter offers a unique opportunity to put the linguistic knowledge into practice with well-crafted study questions, as well as tasks and discussion projects.' Emrah Görgülü, stanbul Sabahattin Zaim University 'I searched many years for a text to support my students - mostly K-12 teachers - in understanding and appreciating the intricacies of language; when I found Yule's book, my search was finally over. The book walks novices through the structure and function of language with a series of fascinating and engaging examples. With its clear organization, well-written explanations, and fun reinforcing exercises, the Yule text provides an entry point for all readers.' Deborah Palmer, University of Colorado Boulder 'George Yule's The Study of Language has long been the standard introductory textbook to linguistics. The book provides a thorough but accessible presentation for beginners of a wide range of language-related topics, from traditional areas such as sound patterns and word formation to constantly evolving psycholinguistics and neurolinguistics. This new updated edition confirms its reputation as the ultimate introduction to the greatest puzzle of the human mind: what is language?' Ruggiero Pergola, University of Bari Aldo Moro 'I have used The Study of Language for thirteen years as a course book for students new to linguistics. It covers most fields comprehensively, but in an interesting and easily assimilated way. The eighth edition includes new content, but there have been notable improvements in the structure. Yule's book remains my firm favorite as an introductory text.' Stuart Foster, Halmstad University 'I first began to utilize Yule's book The Study of Language in 1992, finding the text to be straightforward and comprehensive as an exploration of general linguistics for pre-service bilingual and ESL teacher education candidates. With each subsequent edition, Yule has maintained his direct and scholarly, yet uncomplicated, manner of writing, consistently instructing students in developing insights about language and languages. His use of multiple languages to illustrate significant concepts about linguistics for students validates languages in a global sense, providing each language with requisite status. Yule's text is thorough but concise, thereby enabling students to steadily build knowledge that is essential for the effective and equitable teaching of students whose first language is not English.' Melinda Cowart, Texas Woman's University 'I was first introduced to 'Yule's The Study of Language' as a graduate student shifting disciplines from literature to linguistics and, since then, like a Traveler's Guide, Yule's has become my best guide to linguistics. As a transnational scholar, teacher and, more recently, a mother raising a heritage speaker, the eighth edition with its new addition of heritage languages offers an excellent and all-inclusive guide to diverse and extremely pressing language matters.' Reda Mohammed, Ph.D. candidate, Linguistics & TESOL, Illinois State University 'I have found this book to be a very useful and accessible intro to the study of language.' Lauren Zentz, University of Houston

Papildus informācija

Easy to follow, simple to understand, broad yet concise coverage this fundamental introduction now has more study questions and tasks.
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1 The Origins of Language
1(14)
The Divine Source
2(1)
The Natural Sound Source
3(1)
The "Bow-Wow" Theory
3(1)
The "Pooh-Pooh" Theory
3(1)
The Musical Source
4(1)
The Social Interaction Source
5(1)
The Physical Adaptation Source
5(1)
Teeth and Lips
6(1)
Mouth and Tongue
6(1)
Larynx and Pharynx
6(1)
The Tool-Making Source
7(1)
The Human Brain
7(1)
The Gesture Source
8(1)
The Genetic Source
9(1)
The Innateness Hypothesis
9(1)
Study Questions
10(1)
Tasks
10(2)
Discussion Topics/Projects
12(1)
Further Reading
12(3)
2 Animals and Human Language
15(15)
Communication
16(1)
Properties of Human Language
16(1)
Displacement
17(1)
Arbitrariness
17(1)
Cultural Transmission
18(1)
Productivity
19(1)
Duality
20(1)
Talking to Animals
20(1)
Chimpanzees and Language
21(1)
Washoe
21(1)
Sarah and Lana
22(1)
The Controversy
23(1)
Kanzi
24(1)
Using Language
24(1)
Study Questions
25(1)
Tasks
25(2)
Discussion Topics/Projects
27(1)
Further Reading
28(2)
3 The Sounds of Language
30(17)
Phonetics
31(1)
Consonants
31(1)
Voiced and Voiceless Sounds
31(1)
Place of Articulation
32(1)
Familiar Symbols
33(1)
Unfamiliar Symbols
33(1)
Transcribing Sounds (Not Letters)
34(1)
Manner of Articulation
35(1)
A Consonant Chart
36(1)
Glottal Stops and Flaps
36(2)
Vowels
38(1)
Diphthongs
39(1)
American and British Diphthongs
40(1)
Subtle Individual Variation
40(1)
Study Questions
41(1)
Tasks
42(3)
Discussion Topics/Projects
45(1)
Further Reading
45(2)
4 The Sound Patterns of Language
47(14)
Phonology
48(1)
Phonemes
49(1)
Natural Classes
49(1)
Phones and Allophones
50(1)
Complementary Distribution
51(1)
Minimal Pairs and Sets
51(1)
Phonotactics
51(1)
Syllables
52(1)
Consonant Clusters
52(1)
Coarticulation Effects
53(1)
Assimilation
53(1)
Nasalization
53(1)
Elision
54(1)
Normal Speech
54(1)
Study Questions
55(1)
Tasks
56(2)
Discussion Topics/Projects
58(1)
Bob Belviso Translated
59(1)
Further Reading
59(2)
5 Word Formation
61(18)
Neologisms
62(1)
Etymology
62(1)
Borrowing
63(1)
Loan-Translation
63(1)
Compounding
64(1)
Blending
64(1)
Clipping
65(1)
Hypocorisms
65(1)
Backformation
65(1)
Conversion
66(1)
Coinage
67(1)
Acronyms
67(1)
Derivation
68(1)
Prefixes and Suffixes
68(1)
Infixes
68(1)
Multiple Processes
69(1)
Study Questions
70(1)
Tasks
71(4)
Discussion Topics/Projects
75(2)
Further Reading
77(2)
6 Morphology
79(18)
Morphology
80(1)
Morphemes
80(1)
Free and Bound Morphemes
81(1)
Lexical and Functional Morphemes
81(1)
Derivational Morphemes
82(1)
Inflectional Morphemes
82(1)
Morphological Description
83(1)
Morphs, Allomorphs and Special Cases
84(1)
Other Languages
85(1)
Kanuri
85(1)
Ganda
85(1)
Ilocano
86(1)
Tagalog
86(1)
Study Questions
87(1)
Tasks
88(6)
Discussion Topics/Projects
94(1)
Further Reading
95(2)
7 Grammar
97(21)
English Grammar
98(1)
Traditional Grammar
98(1)
The Parts of Speech
99(1)
Agreement
100(1)
Grammatical Gender
101(1)
Traditional Analysis
101(1)
The Prescriptive Approach
102(1)
Captain Kirk's Infinitive
102(1)
The Descriptive Approach
103(1)
Structural Analysis
103(1)
Constituent Analysis
104(1)
Subjects and Objects
105(1)
Word Order
106(1)
Language Typology
106(1)
Why Study Grammar?
107(1)
Study Questions
108(1)
Tasks
109(6)
Discussion Topics/Projects
115(1)
Further Reading
116(2)
8 Syntax
118(17)
Syntactic Rules
119(1)
A Generative Grammar
119(1)
Syntactic Analysis
120(1)
Phrase Structure Rules
121(1)
Lexical Rules
121(1)
Tree Diagrams
122(1)
Tree Diagrams of English Sentences
123(1)
A Movement Rule
124(2)
Study Questions
126(1)
Tasks
127(5)
Discussion Topics/Projects
132(1)
Further Reading
133(2)
9 Semantics
135(20)
Meaning
136(1)
Semantic Features
137(1)
Componential Analysis
137(1)
Words as Containers of Meaning
138(1)
Semantic Roles
138(1)
Agent and Theme
138(1)
Instrument and Experiencer
139(1)
Location, Source and Goal
139(1)
Lexical Relations
140(1)
Synonymy
140(1)
Antonymy
141(1)
Hyponymy
141(2)
Prototypes
143(1)
Homophones and Homonyms
143(1)
Polysemy
144(1)
Word Play
144(1)
Metonymy
145(1)
Collocation
145(1)
Concordance
146(1)
Study Questions
147(1)
Tasks
148(4)
Discussion Topics/Projects
152(1)
Further Reading
153(2)
10 Pragmatics
155(20)
Invisible Meaning
156(1)
Context
157(1)
Oeixis
158(1)
Reference
159(1)
Inference
159(1)
Anaphora
160(1)
Presupposition
161(1)
Pragmatic Markers
161(1)
The Co-operative Principle
162(1)
Hedges
163(1)
Implicatures
163(1)
Politeness
164(1)
Negative and Positive Face
164(1)
Speech Acts
165(1)
Direct and Indirect Speech Acts
165(1)
Study Questions
166(1)
Tasks
167(5)
Discussion Topics/Projects
172(1)
Further Reading
173(2)
11 Discourse Analysis
175(16)
Discourse
176(1)
Interpreting Discourse
176(1)
Cohesion
177(1)
Coherence
178(1)
Conversation Analysis
179(1)
Turn-Taking
179(1)
Pauses and Filled Pauses
180(1)
Adjacency Pairs
180(1)
Insertion Sequences
181(1)
Conversational Repair
182(1)
Background Knowledge
183(1)
Schemas and Scripts
184(1)
Study Questions
185(1)
Tasks
185(3)
Discussion Topics/Projects
188(1)
Further Reading
189(2)
12 Language and the Brain
191(17)
Neurolinguistics
192(1)
Language Areas in the Brain
192(1)
Broca's Area
193(1)
Wernicke's Area
193(1)
The Motor Cortex and the Arcuate Fasciculus
194(1)
The Localization View
194(1)
Tongue Tips and Slips
195(1)
The Tip of the Tongue Phenomenon
195(1)
Slips of the Tongue
195(1)
Slips of the Brain
196(1)
Slips of the Ear
196(1)
Aphasia
197(1)
Broca's Aphasia
197(1)
Wernicke's Aphasia
198(1)
Conduction Aphasia
198(1)
Dichotic Listening
199(1)
Left Brain, Right Brain
200(1)
The Critical Period
200(1)
Genie
201(1)
Study Questions
202(1)
Tasks
202(3)
Discussion Topics/Projects
205(1)
Further Reading
205(3)
13 First Language Acquisition
208(20)
Acquisition
209(1)
Input
209(1)
Caregiver Speech
210(1)
The Acquisition Schedule
210(1)
Cooing
211(1)
Babbling
211(1)
The One-Word Stage
212(1)
The Two-Word Stage
212(1)
Telegraphic Speech
213(1)
The Acquisition Process
213(1)
Learning through Imitation?
214(1)
Learning through Correction?
214(1)
Developing Phonology
215(1)
Developing Morphology
216(1)
Developing Syntax
217(1)
Forming Questions
217(1)
Forming Negatives
218(1)
Developing Semantics
219(1)
Later Developments
220(1)
Study Questions
221(1)
Tasks
221(4)
Discussion Topics/Projects
225(1)
Further Reading
225(3)
14 Second Language Acquisition
228(16)
Second Language Acquisition
229(1)
Becoming Bilingual
229(1)
Acquisition Barriers
230(1)
The Age Factor
230(1)
Affective Factors
231(1)
Motivation
231(1)
Focus on Teaching Method
232(1)
The Grammar-Translation Method
232(1)
The Audiolingual Method
232(1)
Communicative Approaches
233(1)
Task-Based Learning
233(1)
Focus on the Learner
233(1)
Transfer
234(1)
Interlanguage
234(1)
Input and Output
235(1)
Communicative Competence
236(1)
Study Questions
237(1)
Tasks
237(4)
Discussion Topics/Projects
241(1)
Further Reading
241(3)
15 Gestures and Sign Languages
244(13)
Gestures
245(1)
Iconics
245(1)
Deictics
245(1)
Beats
246(1)
Types of Sign Languages
246(1)
Oralism
247(1)
Signed English
247(1)
Origins of ASL
248(1)
The Structure of Signs
248(1)
Shape and Orientation
249(1)
Location
249(1)
Movement
249(1)
Primes
249(1)
Facial Expressions and Finger-Spelling
250(1)
Representing Signs
250(1)
The Meaning of Signs
251(1)
Sign Languages as Natural Languages
252(1)
Nicaraguan Sign Language
252(1)
Study Questions
253(1)
Tasks
253(1)
Discussion Topics/Projects
254(1)
Further Reading
255(2)
16 Written Language
257(16)
Writing
258(1)
Pictograms
258(1)
Ideograms
259(1)
Logograms
260(1)
Phonographic Writing
261(1)
The Rebus Principle
261(1)
Syllabic Writing
262(1)
Alphabetic Writing
263(1)
Written English
264(1)
English Orthography
265(1)
Study Questions
266(1)
Tasks
266(4)
Discussion Topics/Projects
270(1)
Further Reading
271(2)
17 Language History and Change
273(18)
Family Trees
274(1)
Indo-European
275(1)
Cognates
275(1)
Comparative Reconstruction
276(1)
Comparing Cognates
276(1)
Sound Reconstruction
277(1)
Word Reconstruction
277(1)
The History of English
278(1)
Old English
278(1)
Middle English
279(1)
Sound Changes
280(1)
Metathesis
280(1)
Epenthesis
281(1)
Prothesis
281(1)
Syntactic Changes
281(1)
Loss of Inflections
282(1)
Semantic Changes
282(1)
Broadening of Meaning
283(1)
Narrowing of Meaning
283(1)
Diachronic and Synchronic Variation
283(1)
Study Questions
284(1)
Tasks
285(3)
Discussion Topics/Projects
288(1)
Further Reading
289(2)
18 Regional Variation in Language
291(17)
The Standard Language
292(1)
Accent and Dialect
292(1)
Variation in Grammar
293(1)
Dialectology
293(1)
Regional Dialects
294(1)
Isoglosses
294(1)
Dialect Boundaries
295(1)
The Dialect Continuum
296(1)
Regional Bilingualism
296(1)
Diglossia
297(1)
Language Planning
298(1)
Pidgins
299(1)
Creoles
300(1)
The Post-Creole Continuum
300(1)
Study Questions
301(1)
Tasks
301(4)
Discussion Topics/Projects
305(1)
Further Reading
305(3)
19 Social Variation in Language
308(17)
Sociolinguistics
309(1)
Social Dialects
309(1)
Education and Occupation
310(1)
Social Markers
311(1)
Speech Style and Style-Shifting
312(1)
Prestige
313(1)
Speech Accommodation
313(1)
Convergence
313(1)
Divergence
314(1)
Register
314(1)
Jargon
314(1)
Slang
315(1)
Taboo Terms
315(1)
African American English
316(1)
Vernacular Language
316(1)
The Sounds of a Vernacular
317(1)
The Grammar of a Vernacular
317(2)
Study Questions
319(1)
Tasks
319(3)
Discussion Topics/Projects
322(1)
Further Reading
322(3)
20 Language and Culture
325(20)
Culture
326(1)
Categories
326(1)
Kinship Terms
327(1)
Time Concepts
327(1)
Linguistic Relativity
328(1)
The Sapir--Whorf Hypothesis
328(1)
Against the Sapir--Whorf Hypothesis
329(1)
Snow
329(1)
Non-lexicalized Categories
330(1)
Cognitive Categories
330(1)
Classifiers
331(1)
Social Categories
331(1)
Address Terms
332(1)
Gender
333(1)
Gendered Speech
333(1)
Gendered Interaction
334(1)
Gender Neutral
335(1)
Study Questions
336(1)
Tasks
337(5)
Discussion Topics/Projects
342(1)
Further Reading
342(3)
Glossary 345(16)
References 361(19)
Index 380
George Yule has taught linguistics at the University of Edinburgh, the University of Hawai'i, the University of Minnesota and Louisiana State University.