| Preface |
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xv | |
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1 | (14) |
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Sunspots and solar magnetic activity |
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1 | (4) |
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5 | (5) |
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5 | (2) |
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Properties and classification of stars |
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7 | (3) |
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Starspots and stellar magnetic activity |
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10 | (3) |
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The solar-stellar connection |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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13 | (1) |
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References for background reading |
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13 | (2) |
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Sunspots and starspots: a historical introduction |
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15 | (23) |
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Early observations of sunspots |
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15 | (5) |
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20 | (3) |
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22 | (1) |
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Photographic studies of sunspots |
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22 | (1) |
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Fine structure in sunspots |
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23 | (3) |
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Spectroscopy and the sunspot magnetic field |
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26 | (2) |
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Hale's discovery of the sunspot magnetic field |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Solar granulation and supergranulation |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (3) |
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The development of magnetohydrodynamics |
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29 | (1) |
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30 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Recent progress on sunspots |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (3) |
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Chronology of key developments (1610-1964) |
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36 | (2) |
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Overall structure of a sunspot |
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38 | (30) |
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38 | (3) |
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Thermal properties of sunspots |
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41 | (6) |
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41 | (1) |
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Brightness of the umbra and penumbra |
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42 | (3) |
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The weak bright ring around a sunspot |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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Spectroscopy and atmospheric models |
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47 | (7) |
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Spectral analysis of the umbra and penumbra |
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47 | (1) |
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Semi-empirical models of umbral and penumbral atmospheres |
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48 | (2) |
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The chromospheric superpenumbra |
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50 | (2) |
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The transition region and corona above a sunspot |
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52 | (2) |
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Observations of the magnetic field in sunspots |
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54 | (6) |
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54 | (3) |
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The magnetic field in a pore |
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57 | (1) |
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Magnetic fields in sunspots |
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58 | (2) |
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Modelling the overall magnetic structure of a sunspot |
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60 | (5) |
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Static axisymmetric models |
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62 | (3) |
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Stability of static models |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (3) |
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Fine structure of the umbra |
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68 | (10) |
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68 | (2) |
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70 | (5) |
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Idealized model calculations |
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71 | (2) |
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73 | (1) |
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Magnetic structure of the umbra |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (3) |
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Fine structure of the penumbra |
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78 | (28) |
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78 | (5) |
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Bright grains in penumbral filaments |
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80 | (3) |
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Dark cores within bright filaments |
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83 | (1) |
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The intricate structure of the penumbral magnetic field |
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83 | (6) |
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The interlocking-comb magnetic structure |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (1) |
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Hyperfine structure and dark cores |
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88 | (1) |
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Convection in the penumbra |
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89 | (4) |
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Travelling patterns in inclined magnetic fields |
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90 | (1) |
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Convection in the inner penumbra |
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91 | (1) |
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Buoyancy braking and the origin of dark cores |
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92 | (1) |
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Dark filaments and convection in the outer penumbra |
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92 | (1) |
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Thin flux tubes in the penumbra |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (4) |
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Fine-scale organization of the Evershed flow |
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94 | (1) |
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Theoretical models of the Evershed flow |
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95 | (2) |
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Moving magnetic features in the moat |
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97 | (2) |
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Formation and maintenance of the penumbra |
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99 | (7) |
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Magnetic flux pumping and returning flux tubes |
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100 | (3) |
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Formation of the penumbra |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (17) |
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Magneto-atmospheric waves |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (10) |
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Five-minute umbral oscillations |
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108 | (2) |
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Three-minute umbral oscillations and umbral flashes |
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110 | (3) |
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Magnetic field variations |
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113 | (1) |
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Theoretical interpretations of umbral oscillations |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (5) |
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Absorption of p-modes by a sunspot |
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118 | (3) |
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Time-distance and holographic seismology of sunspots |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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Sunspots and active regions |
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123 | (27) |
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Description of active regions |
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123 | (5) |
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Pores and their relation to sunspots |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (3) |
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Birth and evolution of active regions |
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128 | (8) |
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Magnetic flux emergence in active regions |
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129 | (2) |
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Theoretical models of emerging magnetic flux |
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131 | (2) |
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Intense magnetic elements |
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133 | (3) |
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Formation, growth and decay of sunspots |
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136 | (5) |
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136 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (3) |
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141 | (2) |
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The magnetic configuration of active regions and sunspot groups |
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141 | (1) |
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Sunspots and solar rotation |
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142 | (1) |
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Dissolution of active regions |
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143 | (1) |
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Flux emergence in the quiet Sun |
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144 | (6) |
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145 | (2) |
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Intergranular magnetic fields and smaller-scale flux emergence |
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147 | (3) |
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Magnetic activity in stars |
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150 | (8) |
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150 | (1) |
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Variation of activity with rotation rate and age |
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151 | (4) |
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Vigorous activity in late-type stars |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (26) |
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158 | (10) |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (5) |
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167 | (1) |
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Case studies of starspots |
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168 | (9) |
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EK Draconis and other solar analogues |
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169 | (2) |
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RS CVn binaries and FK Com stars |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (3) |
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176 | (1) |
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Starspots, differential rotation and dynamo patterns |
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177 | (3) |
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177 | (2) |
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Starspots and surface patterns of activity |
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179 | (1) |
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Starspot cycles from long-term photometry |
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180 | (1) |
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Properties of individual starspots |
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180 | (4) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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182 | (1) |
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Sunspots as prototypes for starspots? |
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182 | (2) |
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Solar and stellar activity cycles |
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184 | (10) |
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Cyclic activity in the Sun |
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184 | (1) |
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Modulation of cyclic activity and grand minima |
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185 | (4) |
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Differential rotation in the Sun |
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189 | (2) |
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Variable activity in stars |
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191 | (3) |
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191 | (2) |
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Cyclic behaviour in more active stars |
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193 | (1) |
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Solar and stellar dynamos |
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194 | (17) |
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194 | (3) |
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195 | (1) |
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Mean-field magnetohydrodynamics and the α-effect |
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195 | (2) |
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Phenomenology of the solar dynamo |
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197 | (1) |
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198 | (7) |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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Models of the solar cycle |
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201 | (3) |
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Modulation and grand minima |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (4) |
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206 | (1) |
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Rapid rotators and polar spots |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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Small-scale dynamo action |
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209 | (1) |
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Numerical simulation of solar and stellar dynamos |
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210 | (1) |
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Solar activity, space weather and climate change |
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211 | (18) |
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The variable solar irradiance |
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211 | (5) |
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Sunspots, faculae and the solar irradiance |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (1) |
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Interplanetary effects of solar activity |
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216 | (5) |
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Solar flares and coronal mass ejections |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (3) |
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Variations in the open solar magnetic flux |
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220 | (1) |
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Solar variability and the Earth's climate |
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221 | (6) |
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Changes in the Earth's orbit |
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221 | (1) |
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Effects of solar variability |
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222 | (5) |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (3) |
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The structure and dynamics of a sunspot |
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229 | (1) |
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Solar and stellar activity cycles |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
| Appendix 1 Observing techniques for sunspots |
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232 | (6) |
| Appendix 2 Essentials of magnetohydrodynamic theory |
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238 | (8) |
| References |
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246 | (25) |
| Index |
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271 | |
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