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Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Mobile and Wireless Communications, Four-Volume Set [Hardback]

(McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 631 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 990 g
  • Sērija : Applications of Modern Acoustics
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Jun-1998
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0121573400
  • ISBN-13: 9780121573409
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Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Mobile and Wireless Communications, Four-Volume SetPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 631 pages, height x width: 229x152 mm, weight: 990 g
  • Sērija : Applications of Modern Acoustics
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Jun-1998
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0121573400
  • ISBN-13: 9780121573409
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780121573409.html
Keywords:
A thorough exploration of surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, with a theoretical and experimental emphasis. Topics include the fundamentals of piezoelectricity and acoustic waves, the principles of linear-phase SAW filter design, compensation for second-order effects in SAW filters, SAW reflection gratings and resonators, RF and antenna-duplexer filters for mobile/wireless transceivers, and surface wave oscillators and frequency synthesizers. Previous experience with SAW is not required. Intended for students as well as professionals in the industry. Annotation c. by Book News, Inc., Portland, Or.

Written for readers with or without surface acoustic wave (SAW) experience, this book covers a wide range of SAW filter- and device-design techniques as well as applications to mobile and wireless circuitry. It provides numerous references and worked examples on SAW devices to highlight various design aspects, and contains illustrations from many leading electronic companies around the world. The first half of the book covers the principles of SAW devices. The secondhalf focuses on applications to the mobile/wireless field, including SAW devices for antenna duplexers, RF and IF filters for cellular cordless phones, front-end filters for wireless transceivers, fixed and tunable oscillators, filters for on-board satellite communications, as well as coding and convolvers for indoor/outdoor spread-spectrum communications.
Surface Acoustic Wave Devices for Mobile and Wireless Communications serves as an excellent sourcebook for engineers and designers with some SAW background, or for technical staff with no prior knowledge of SAW devices who need to know how this technology can help their products. It can be used as a textbook for senior and graduate students engaged in the study of signal processing techniques and systems for mobile communications.

Key Features
* First SAW text applied to mobile and wireless communications
* Written by an award-winning researcher with over 20 years of SAW device experience
* Presents the theory and design of major SAW devices for mobile/wireless communications as applied to some of the major telecommunication standards
* Accessible to both engineering and scientific readers with or without prior SAW device knowledge

Papildus informācija

Key Features * First SAW text applied to mobile and wireless communications * Written by an award-winning researcher with over 20 years of SAW device experience * Presents the theory and design of major SAW devices for mobile/wireless communications as applied to some of the major telecommunication standards * Accessible to both engineering and scientific readers with or without prior SAW device knowledge
PREFACE xxv
Part 1 Fundamentals of Surface Acoustic Waves and Devices 3(250)
Chapter 1 Introduction
3(16)
1.1 BACKGROUND
3(3)
1.2 MERITS OF RAYLEIGH-WAVE DEVICES
6(1)
1.3 ADDITIONAL MERITS OF PSEUDO-SAW DEVICES
6(1)
1.4 SOME DEVICE APPLICATIONS
7(4)
1.5 GLOBAL ACTIVITIES AND PARTICIPANTS
11(3)
1.6 AIMS OF THIS TEXT
14(3)
1.7 REFERENCES
17(2)
Chapter 2 Basics of Piezoelectricity and Acoustic Waves
19(48)
2.1 INTRODUCTION
19(1)
2.2 SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES
20(17)
2.2.1 EXCITATION REQUIREMENTS
20(1)
2.2.2 MECHANICAL MOTION OF SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVES
21(1)
2.2.3 STRESS AND STRAIN IN A NONPIEZOELECTRIC ELASTIC SOLID
22(3)
2.2.4 PIEZOELECTRIC INTERACTIONS
25(2)
2.2.5 RAYLEIGH WAVE CONSIDERATIONS
27(3)
2.2.6 ELECTROMECHANICAL COUPLING COEFFICIENT K(2)
30(3)
2.2.7 SAW PIEZOELECTRIC CRYSTAL SUBSTRATES
33(1)
2.2.8 TEMPERATURE COEFFICIENTS OF DELAY (TCD)
34(2)
2.2.9 EULER ANGLES AND CRYSTAL CUTS
36(1)
2.3 GENERAL EQUATIONS FOR SURFACE WAVES AND BULK WAVES
37(2)
2.4 PROPAGATION CONSTANTS FOR RAYLEIGH WAVES AND BULK WAVES
39(1)
2.5 CHARACTERISTICS OF LEAKY-SAW AND SHEAR WAVES
40(8)
2.5.1 LEAKY-SAW FEATURES AND MERITS COMPARED WITH SAW DEVICES
40(1)
2.5.2 PROPAGATION AND DECAY CONSTANTS
41(2)
2.5.3 LEAKY-SAW VELOCITY AND LOSS
43(1)
2.5.4 FIRST AND SECOND LEAKY-SAW CHARACTERISTICS
44(2)
2.5.5 ILLUSTRATIVE FIRST LEAKY-SAW CRYSTAL CUT ON QUARTZ
46(1)
2.5.6 OTHER LEAKY-SAW CRYSTAL CUTS
46(2)
2.6 SHALLOW BULK ACOUSTIC WAVES (SBAW) AND PIEZOELECTRICS
48(3)
2.6.1 SURFACE SKIMMING BULK WAVE AND SURFACE TRANSVERSE WAVE PROPAGATION
48(1)
2.6.2 SURFACE SKIMMING BULK WAVE (SSBW) PIEZOELECTRIC CUTS
49(1)
2.6.3 SBAW VERSUS LEAKY-SAW PROPAGATION
50(1)
2.7 LAYERED STRUCTURES FOR SAW AND PSEUDO-SA W PROPAGATION
51(3)
2.7.1 LAYERED STRUCTURES FOR SA W DEVICES
51(2)
2.7.2 LAYERED STRUCTURES FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS APPLICATIONS
53(1)
2.8 BLEUSTEIN-GULYAEV-SHIMIZU (BGS) WAVES ON CERAMIC SUBSTRATES
54(1)
2.9 EFFECTS OF ACOUSTIC BULK WAVES ON SA W FILTER PERFORMANCE
55(7)
2.9.1 INTRODUCTION
55(1)
2.9.2 BULK ACOUSTIC WAVE MODES
56(2)
2.9.3 ACOUSTIC BULK WAVES AND IDT BANDWIDTHS
58(1)
2.9.4 EXAMPLES OF HIGH-QUALITY SA W BANDPASS FILTER DESIGNS
59(1)
2.9.5 A CAUTIONARY NOTE ON SHAPE FACTOR
60(2)
2.10 SUMMARY
62(1)
2.11 REFERENCES
63(4)
Chapter 3 Principles of Linear-Phase SAW Filter Design
67(32)
3.1 INTRODUCTION
67(3)
3.1.1 GENERAL CONCEPTS OF LINEAR-PHASE FILTERS
67(1)
3.1.2 COMPARISON WITH L-C FILTERS
67(3)
3.2 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
70(1)
3.2.1 MODELLING SIMPLIFICATIONS USED HERE
70(1)
3.2.2 CHAPTER COVERAGE
71(1)
3.3 DEVIATIONS FROM IDEAL PHASE RESPONSE IN SA W FILTERS
71(5)
3.3.1 IDEAL LINEAR-PHASE RESPONSE
71(2)
3.3.2 DEVIATIONS DUE TO SECOND-ORDER EFFECTS
73(3)
3.4 SIMPLE MODELLING OF AN IDEAL LINEAR-PHASE SA W FILTER
76(6)
3.4.1 PROBLEMS WITH CONVENTIONAL MODELLING
76(1)
3.4.2 THE DELTA-FUNCTION MODEL
76(6)
3.5 FOURIER TRANSFORMS AND IDT FINGER APODIZATION
82(6)
3.5.1 FOURIER TRANSFORM PAIRS
82(2)
3.5.2 IMPULSE RESPONSE AND SA W FILTER APODIZATION GEOMETRY
84(1)
3.5.3 SINC FUNCTION APODIZATION OF THE IDT
85(3)
3.6 USE OF WINDOW FUNCTIONS FOR IMPROVED BANDPASS RESPONSE
88(6)
3.6.1 THE NEED FOR WINDOW FUNCTION DESIGN TECHNIQUES
88(2)
3.6.2 USE OF CONVOLUTION IN WINDOW FUNCTION TECHNIQUES
90(2)
3.6.3 WINDOW FUNCTIONS FOR SA W IDTs
92(2)
3.7 OVERALL SA W FILTER RESPONSE
94(2)
3.8 SUMMARY
96(1)
3.9 REFERENCES
96(3)
Chapter 4 Equivalent Circuit and Analytic Models for a SAW Filter
99(38)
4.1 INTRODUCTION
99(2)
4.1.1 EARLY SA W FILTER CIRCUIT-DESIGN MODELS
99(1)
4.1.2 CURRENT ANALYTIC METHODS FOR SA W/LSA W FILTER DESIGN
100(1)
4.2 THE DELTA-FUNCTION MODEL
101(7)
4.2.1 INTRODUCTION
101(1)
4.2.2 TRANSVERSAL FILTER EQUIVALENCE
102(1)
4.2.3 IDTs WITH CONSTANT FINGER OVERLAP
103(2)
4.2.4 PROBLEMS WITH APODIZING BOTH IDTs
105(1)
4.2.5 A FURTHER NOTE ON APODIZATION OF BOTH IDTs
106(2)
4.2.6 LINEAR-PHASE SA W AND DIGITAL FILTERS
108(1)
4.3 SA W POWER FLOW IN BIDIRECTIONAL IDTs
108(5)
4.3.1 INHERENT INSERTION LOSS OF BIDIRECTIONAL IDTs
108(1)
4.3.2 TRIPLE-TRANSIT-INTERFERENCE
109(3)
4.3.3 ADDITIONAL DEGRADATION DUE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC FEEDTHROUGH
112(1)
4.4 THE CROSSED-FIELD MODEL
113(6)
4.4.1 ELECTROACOUSTIC EQUIVALENCES
113(2)
4.4.2 THREE-PORT ADMITTANCE MATRIX [ Y] FOR AN IDT
115(4)
4.5 APPLICATION TO OVERALL SA W FILTER RESPONSE
119(4)
4.5.1 USE OF OVERALL TWO-PORT ELECTRICAL NETWORK
119(2)
4.5.2 SUBSTITUTION OF THE THREE-PORT PARAMETERS INTO THE TWO-PORT NETWORK
121(1)
4.5.3 INSERTION LOSS AND EFFECTIVE TRANSMISSION LOSS
122(1)
4.6 IMPULSE-RESPONSE MODEL
123(4)
4.6.1 IMPLEMENTATION OF THE MODEL
123(3)
4.6.2 ENERGY CONSERVATION AND THE F(3/2) FACTOR
126(1)
4.7 HIGHLIGHTS OF CURRENT CIRCUIT MODELS FOR SA W FILTER DESIGN
127(6)
4.7.1 EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT MODEL
127(1)
4.7.2 S-MATRIX PARAMETER MODELLING
128(2)
4.7.3 P-MATRIX PARAMETER MODELLING
130(2)
4.7.4 COUPLING-OF-MODES (COM) MODELLING
132(1)
4.8 SUMMARY
133(1)
4.9 REFERENCES
133(4)
Chapter 5 Some Matching and Trade-Off Concepts for SAW Filter Design
137(22)
5.1 INTRODUCTION
137(3)
5.2 BANDWIDTH LIMITATIONS IN LINEAR-PHASE SA W FILTER DESIGN
140(7)
5.2.1 INTRODUCTION
140(1)
5.2.2 MATCHING NETWORKS
141(1)
5.2.3 RADIATION Q AND EXTERNAL Q IN SA W FILTER DESIGN
142(3)
5.2.4 MAXIMUM INTRINSIC FRACTIONAL BANDWIDTH
145(1)
5.2.5 ABOVE THE MAXIMUM FRACTIONAL BANDWIDTH
146(1)
5.3 DESIGN TRADE-OFFS
147(9)
5.3.1 ACOUSTOELECTRIC TRANSFER FUNCTION T(13)
147(2)
5.3.2 THE ACOUSTIC REFLECTION COEFFICIENT FUNCTION T(11)
149(1)
5.3.3 MISMATCH PARAMETERS
150(1)
5.3.4 TRADE-OFF ON VSWR
151(1)
5.3.5 EVALUATING THE UNPERTURBED RADIATION CONDUCTANCE G(a)(F(o))
151(2)
5.3.6 TRIPLE TRANSIT SUPPRESSION
153(1)
5.3.7 BANDWIDTH AND CIRCUIT FACTOR C(f) TRADE-OFF
153(2)
5.3.8 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLES
155(1)
5.4 MATCHING OF FILTERS EMPLOYING SINGLE-PHASE UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSDUCERS
156(2)
5.5 SUMMARY
158(1)
5.6 REFERENCES
158(1)
Chapter 6 Compensation for Second-Order Effects in SAW Filters
159(36)
6.1 INTRODUCTION
159(2)
6.1.1 SOME IF FREQUENCIES AND BANDWIDTHS FOR MOBILE PHONE SYSTEMS
159(2)
6.1.2 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
161(1)
6.2 BULK WAVES AND THE MULTISTRIP COUPLER
161(7)
6.2.1 PREAMBLE
161(2)
6.2.2 USE OF THE MULTISTRIP COUPLER FOR 100% SAW ENERGY TRANSFER
163(4)
6.2.3 USE OF MULTISTRIP COUPLER WITH APODIZED IDTs
167(1)
6.2.4 LOCATION OF THE MSC
168(1)
6.3 DIFFRACTION AND DIFFRACTION COMPENSATION
168(11)
6.3.1 INTRODUCTION
168(2)
6.3.2 FRESNEL AND FRAUNHOFER REGIONS IN SAW DEVICES
170(2)
6.3.3 SAW DIFFRACTION AND THE SLOWNESS SURFACE
172(4)
6.3.4 BEAM-STEERING LOSSES
176(1)
6.3.5 DIFFRACTION COMPENSATION
177(2)
6.3.6 ATTAINABLE SAW DELAY LINE LENGTHS
179(1)
6.4 ACOUSTIC ATTENUATION
179(1)
6.5 TRIPLE-TRANSIT EFFECTS AND UNIDIRECTIONAL IDTs
180(2)
6.6 ELECTROMAGNETIC FEEDTHROUGH
182(1)
6.7 UNDESIRABLE IDT FINGER REFLECTIONS
183(1)
6.8 DESIRABLE HARMONIC OPERATION OF SAW DEVICES
184(7)
6.8.1 IDT LITHOGRAPHIC RESOLUTION CONSTRAINTS IN GIGAHERTZ DEVICES
184(2)
6.8.2 IDT ELEMENT FACTOR
186(1)
6.8.3 MEANDER-LINE IDT FOR HARMONIC OPERATION
187(4)
6.9 SUMMARY
191(1)
6.10 REFERENCES
191(4)
Chapter 7 Designing SAW Filters for Arbitrary Amplitude/Phase Response
195(14)
7.1 INTRODUCTION
195(3)
7.1.1 THE IDT AS A SAMPLED-DATA STRUCTURE
195(2)
7.1.2 ANALOG AND DIGITAL CONSIDERATIONS
197(1)
7.2 NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE FREQUENCY CONCEPTS IN IDT DESIGN
198(2)
7.2.1 REALIZATION OF REAL FUNCTIONS AND REAL RESPONSES
198(1)
7.2.2 HERMITIAN CONJUGATE RESPONSES
199(1)
7.3 THE IDT AS A SAMPLED-DATA STRUCTURE
200(6)
7.3.1 EFFECTS OF SAMPLING
200(2)
7.3.2 A DESIGN EXAMPLE
202(3)
7.3.3 APPLICATION TO GROUP DELAY PERFORMANCE
205(1)
7.4 SAMPLING THE IDT FINGERS AT OTHER RATES
206(1)
7.5 SUMMARY
207(1)
7.6 REFERENCES
208(1)
Chapter 8 Interdigital Transducers with Chirped or Slanted Fingers
209(20)
8.1 CHAPTER COVERAGE
209(1)
8.1.1 IDTs WITH SLANTED FINGERS
209(1)
8.1.2 THE LINEAR FM CHIRP FILTER
210(1)
8.2 INTERDIGITAL TRANSDUCERS WITH SLANTED-FINGER GEOMETRIES
210(4)
8.2.1 LINEAR-PHASE FILTERS USING SLANTED-FINGER IDTs
210(3)
8.2.2 ONE-PORT SAW RESONATORS USING SLANTED-FINGER IDTs
213(1)
8.3 THE IDT FOR A SAW LINEAR FM CHIRP FILTER
214(9)
8.3.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
214(3)
8.3.2 IMPULSE RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP
217(2)
8.3.3 FREQUENCY RESPONSE OF THE CHIRP IDT
219(2)
8.3.4 THE SAW CHIRP FILTER AS A PLURALITY OF BANDPASS FILTERS
221(1)
8.3.5 INPUT ADMITTANCE OF A CHIRP FILTER
221(2)
8.4 VARIABLE DELAY LINES USING A SAW CHIRP FILTER
223(3)
8.4.1 REQUIREMENTS FOR NONDISPERSIVE PHASE RESPONSE
223(1)
8.4.2 VARIABLE DELAY WITHOUT DISPERSION
224(2)
8.5 SUMMARY
226(1)
8.6 REFERENCES
226(3)
Chapter 9 IDT Finger Reflections and Radiation Conductance
229(24)
9.1 INTRODUCTION
229(1)
9.2 IDT FILM-THICKNESS RATIO AND RADIATION CONDUCTANCE
230(1)
9.3 REFLECTIONS FROM IDTS WITH SINGLE-ELECTRODE GEOMETRIES
231(1)
9.4 IMPEDANCE DISCONTINUITIES IN EQUIVALENT SAW TRANSMISSION LINE
232(4)
9.5 SELF-COUPLING AND MUTUAL-COUPLING COEFFICIENTS
236(2)
9.5.1 SELF-COUPLING COEFFICIENT K(11)
236(1)
9.5.2 MUTUAL-COUPLING COEFFICIENT K(12)
237(1)
9.6 EFFECTS ON IDT RADIATION CONDUCTANCE
238(2)
9.7 THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR AN IDT SECTION WITH NEGLIGIBLE FINGER REFLECTIONS
240(2)
9.8 THE EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT FOR AN IDT SECTION WITH FINGER REFLECTIONS
242(3)
9.9 ADMITTANCE MATRIX FOR ENTIRE IDT WITH FINGER REFLECTIONS
245(1)
9.10 IDT RADIATION CONDUCTANCE OBTAINED FROM 3 X 3 ADMITTANCE MATRIX
245(3)
9.11 RESTRICTIONS ON FREQUENCY RESPONSE COMPUTATIONS
248(1)
9.12 ILLUSTRATIVE APPLICATION TO DESIGN OF 250-MHZ IF FILTER FOR MOBILE RADIO
248(1)
9.13 SUMMARY
248(1)
9.14 REFERENCES
249(4)
PART 2 Techniques, Devices and Mobile/Wireless Applications 253(360)
Chapter 10 Overview of Systems and Devices
253(26)
10.1 MERITS OF SAW AND PSEUDO-SAW DEVICES
253(1)
10.2 FREQUENCY BANDS FOR MOBILE COMMUNICATIONS
253(6)
10.2.1 ANALOG CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS
253(1)
10.2.2 ANALOG CORDLESS COMMUNICATIONS
254(1)
10.2.3 DIGITAL CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS
255(3)
10.2.4 DIGITAL CORDLESS COMMUNICATIONS
258(1)
10.2.5 POWER AND RANGE CAPABILITIES FOR CELLULAR AND CORDLESS SYSTEMS
258(1)
10.3 SPREAD-SPECTRUM CODE-DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS (CDMA)
259(1)
10.4 WIRELESS DATA SYSTEMS
260(2)
10.5 ARCHITECTURE FOR MOBILE AND WIRELESS SYSTEMS
262(8)
10.5.1 CELLULAR RECEIVER PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
262(2)
10.5.2 FILTER REQUIREMENTS IN THE CELLULAR MOBILE RECEIVER
264(2)
10.5.3 IMAGE-FREQUENCY REJECTION
266(1)
10.5.4 FILTER REQUIREMENTS IN THE CELLULAR MOBILE TRANSMITTER
267(1)
10.5.5 SINAD SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UHF MOBILE RADIO RECEIVER
267(1)
10.5.6 ARCHITECTURES FOR DIGITAL CELLULAR RADIOS
268(1)
10.5.7 TIME-DIVERSITY RECEIVERS FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
268(2)
10.6 APPLICATIONS OF SURFACE WAVE DEVICES
270(4)
10.6.1 SAW RF RESONATOR-FILTERS AND DUPLEXERS IN MOBILE-PHONE CIRCUITRY
270(1)
10.6.2 SAW IF FILTERS FOR MOBILE PHONES
271(1)
10.6.3 CODING AND CONVOLVERS IN MOBILE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
272(1)
10.6.4 LOCAL OSCILLATOR REQUIREMENTS
273(1)
10.7 COVERAGE OF PART 2
274(2)
10.8 REFERENCES
276(3)
Chapter 11 SAW Reflection Gratings and Resonators
279(48)
11.1 INTRODUCTION
279(3)
11.1.1 STANDING SURFACE WAVES AND RESONATOR STRUCTURES
279(1)
11.1.2 SAW RESONATORS IN WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS CIRCUITS
279(1)
11.1.3 RESONATORS IN LOW-POWER WIRELESS APPLICATIONS
280(2)
11.1.4 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
282(1)
11.2 SAW REFLECTIONS AND REFLECTION GRATINGS
282(4)
11.2.1 BASIC CONCEPTS
282(2)
11.2.2 REFLECTION MECHANISMS IN DIFFERENT SAW REFLECTION GRATINGS
284(2)
11.3 ONE-PORT SAW RESONATORS
286(8)
11.3.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
286(1)
11.3.2 RESONATOR PARAMETERS AND SENSITIVITIES
287(1)
11.3.3 LUMPED EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT PARAMETERS FOR ONE-PORT RESONATOR
288(3)
11.3.4 FURTHER DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
291(1)
11.3.5 STANDING-WAVE PATTERNS IN THE ONE-PORT SAW RESONATOR
292(2)
11.4 TWO-PORT SAW RESONATORS
294(7)
11.4.1 TRANSFER FUNCTION REQUIREMENTS
294(3)
11.4.2 STANDING-WAVE PATTERNS IN THE TWO-PORT SAW RESONATOR
297(1)
11.4.3 INPUT/OUTPUT VOLTAGE POLARITY OF TWO-PORT RESONATOR
298(1)
11.4.4 A SAW NOTCH FILTER USING A TWO-PORT RESONATOR
299(1)
11.4.5 POTENTIAL PHASE-SHIFT PROBLEMS WITH THE TWO-PORT RESONATOR
299(2)
11.5 AVOIDING MULTIMODE EFFECTS IN SINGLE-POLE RESONATORS
301(3)
11.6 QUALITY-FACTOR Q OF A RAYLEIGH-WAVE RESONATOR
304(1)
11.7 MATRIX BUILDING BLOCKS FOR THE SAW RESONATOR
305(14)
11.7.1 PREAMBLE
305(1)
11.7.2 THE THREE TRANSMISSION MATRIX BUILDING BLOCKS
306(1)
11.7.3 THE 2 X 2 GRATING MATRIX [ G]
306(2)
11.7.4 CHOICE OF REFERENCE AXES
308(4)
11.7.5 THE 3 X 3 IDT TRANSMISSION MATRIX [ T]
312(1)
11.7.6 ACOUSTIC AND ELECTRICAL TERMS IN [ T]
313(1)
11.7.7 INDIVIDUAL TERMS IN IDT MATRIX [ T]
314(2)
11.7.8 THE ACOUSTIC TRANSMISSION LINE MATRIX [ D]
316(1)
11.7.9 OVERALL ACOUSTIC MATRIX [ M] FOR THE TWO-PORT SAW RESONATOR
316(1)
11.7.10 APPLICATION OF BOUNDARY CONDITIONS
317(1)
11.7.11 ILLUSTRATIVE FREQUENCY RESPONSE COMPUTATION
318(1)
11.8 TRANSVERSE MODES IN SAW RESONATOR GRATINGS
319(1)
11.9 BLEUSTEIN-GULYAEV-SHIMIZU (BGS) PZT CERAMIC RESONATORS
320(1)
11.10 SUMMARY
321(2)
11.11 REFERENCES
323(4)
Chapter 12 Single-Phase Unidirectional Transducers For Low-Loss Filters
327(32)
12.1 INTRODUCTION
327(3)
12.1.1 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
329(1)
12.2 BASIC SAW COMB FILTERS USING A TAPPED IDT DELAY LINE
330(4)
12.3 SAW COMB FILTERS WITH MORE COMPLEX IDT STRUCTURES
334(3)
12.3.1 SAW COMB FILTER WITH A THREE-RUNG IDT
334(1)
12.3.2 SAW COMB FILTER WITH FOUR (OR MORE) RUNGS IN ONE IDT
335(1)
12.3.3 SAW COMB FILTER WITH RUNGS IN INPUT AND OUTPUT IDTS
336(1)
12.4 SAW FILTERS WITH SINGLE-PHASE UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSDUCERS (SPUDTS)
337(4)
12.4.1 THE SINGLE-METALLIZATION SPUDT
337(1)
12.4.2 SELECTING A SINGLE OR A COMB TRANSFER RESPONSE
338(1)
12.4.3 POSITIONING THE REFLECTION GRATINGS WITHIN THE SPUDT
339(2)
12.5 ILLUSTRATIVE DESIGN OF SPUDT-BASED SAW FILTER
341(4)
12.5.1 IDENTIFYING THE REFERENCE PLANES
341(1)
12.5.2 SIMPLIFIED VECTOR NOTATION
342(1)
12.5.3 APPLICATION TO A SAMPLE SPUDT DESIGN
343(2)
12.6 EXPERIMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF A SPUDT-BASED SAW FILTER
345(5)
12.6.1 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE
345(2)
12.6.2 EXAMPLE OF DESIGN VERSATILITY
347(1)
12.6.3 INCREASING THE CLOSE-IN SIDELOBE SUPPRESSION
347(2)
12.6.4 USE OF CASCADED SPUDT-BASED SAW FILTERS
349(1)
12.7 LOW-LOSS SAW COMB FILTERS USING UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSDUCERS
350(4)
12.8 HIGHLIGHTS OF OTHER SPUDT STRUCTURES
354(1)
12.8.1 DOUBLE METALLIZATION SPUDT
354(1)
12.8.2 ELECTRODE WIDTH-CONTROLLED SPUDT (EWC-SPUDT)
354(1)
12.8.3 NATURAL SPUDT (NSPUDT) STRUCTURE
355(1)
12.9 A REMINDER ON TTI AND INSERTION LOSS IN SPUDT-BASED FILTERS
355(1)
12.10 SUMMARY
355(1)
12.11 REFERENCES
356(3)
Chapter 13 RF and Antenna-Duplexer Filters for Mobile/Wireless Transceivers
359(36)
13.1 INTRODUCTION
359(1)
13.2 LEAKY-SAW PROPAGATION UNDER REFLECTION GRATINGS
360(3)
13.2.1 BEHAVIOR OF REFLECTION GRATINGS WITH LARGE FILM-THICKNESS RATIO
360(1)
13.2.2 LSAW PROPAGATION AND ATTENUATION IN REFLECTION GRATINGS
360(1)
13.2.3 PHASE RESPONSE OF LSAW REFLECTION GRATINGS
361(2)
13.3 APPROXIMATING THE RADIATION CONDUCTANCE IN THICK-ELECTRODE IDTS
363(2)
13.3.1 RADIATION CONDUCTANCE OF RAYLEIGH-WAVE IDTS WITH FINGER REFLECTIONS
363(1)
13.3.2 RADIATION CONDUCTANCE FOR LEAKY-SAW IDT WITH FINGER REFLECTIONS
364(1)
13.4 LONGITUDINALLY COUPLED LSAW RESONATOR-FILTERS
365(8)
13.4.1 BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
365(4)
13.4.2 ADMITTANCE RELATIONSHIPS
369(1)
13.4.3 GRATING REFLECTION COEFFICIENTS FOR FIRST AND THIRD LONGITUDINAL MODES
370(2)
13.4.4 PREDICTED FREQUENCY RESPONSES FOR THE FOUR-POLE STRUCTURES
372(1)
13.5 LEAKY-SAW LADDER FILTERS FOR ANTENNA DUPLEXERS IN MOBILE RADIOS
373(16)
13.5.1 LOSS AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS FOR DUPLEXERS
373(2)
13.5.2 RESONATOR ELEMENTS FOR LEAKY-SAW LADDER FILTERS
375(5)
13.5.3 THE ELEMENTAL LADDER FILTER
380(4)
13.5.4 PRACTICAL LSAW LADDER FILTERS
384(3)
13.5.5 POWER-HANDLING CAPABILITY OF LSAW LADDER FILTERS
387(2)
13.6 ONE-PORT LSAW RESONATORS IN BALANCED-BRIDGE FILTERS
389(2)
13.6.1 DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
389(2)
13.6.2 PROPOSED MERITS OF BALANCED BRIDGE FILTERS
391(1)
13.7 SUMMARY
391(1)
13.8 REFERENCES
392(3)
Chapter 14 Other RF Front-End and Interstage Filters for Mobile/Wireless Transceivers
395(22)
14.1 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
395(1)
14.2 RF FILTERS EMPLOYING INTERDIGITATED INTERDIGITAL TRANSDUCERS (IIDTs)
396(14)
14.2.1 GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS AND LIMITATIONS
396(1)
14.2.2 RATIONALE FOR USING IIDTs IN MOBILE PHONE CIRCUITRY
397(1)
14.2.3 WITHDRAWAL-WEIGHTED INTERDIGITAL TRANSDUCERS
398(2)
14.2.4 SCATTERING PARAMETERS FOR COMPONENT IDTs
400(5)
14.2.5 EXAMPLE OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE RF IIDT FILTER
405(5)
14.3 THE FLOATING-ELECTRODE UNIDIRECTIONAL TRANSDUCER (FEUDT)
410(5)
14.3.1 GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS
410(1)
14.3.2 HIGHLIGHTS OF ANALYTICAL RESULTS
411(3)
14.3.3 OTHER FEUDT TRANSDUCER CONFIGURATIONS
414(1)
14.4 SUMMARY
415(1)
14.5 REFERENCES
415(2)
Chapter 15 SAW IF Filters for Mobile Phones and Pagers
417(42)
15.1 INTRODUCTION
417(9)
15.1.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS ON IF FILTERS FOR MOBILE CIRCUITRY
417(6)
15.1.2 SURFACE ACOUSTIC WAVE IF FILTERS IN MOBILE PHONES AND PAGERS
423(1)
15.1.3 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
424(2)
15.2 WAVEGUIDE-COUPLED SAW IF RESONATOR-FILTERS FOR ANALOG AND DIGITAL PHONE SYSTEMS
426(13)
15.2.1 GENERAL CONCEPTS
426(4)
15.2.2 MODELLING THE FREQUENCY RESPONSE
430(1)
15.2.3 COUPLING-OF-MODES IN TIME (COMT)
431(2)
15.2.4 MODELLING THE COUPLING CAPACITANCE
433(1)
15.2.5 RESONATOR-LUMPED EQUIVALENT-CIRCUIT PARAMETERS
434(1)
15.2.6 USING COUPLING-OF-MODES IN SPACE (COMS)
435(2)
15.2.7 FREQUENCY-RESPONSE COMPUTATION
437(1)
15.2.8 P-MATRIX MODELLING TECHNIQUES
438(1)
15.3 SAW IN-LINE IF RESONATOR-FILTERS
439(9)
15.3.1 COVERAGE OF THIS SECTION
439(1)
15.3.2 GENERAL CONCEPTS FOR SAW IN-LINE RESONATOR-FILTERS
440(2)
15.3.3 A SAW IN-LINE IF RESONATOR-FILTER FOR JAPANESE CORDLESS PERSONAL HANDY PHONE (PHP)
442(2)
15.3.4 MODELLING METHOD
444(4)
15.4 SPUDT-BASED IF FILTERS FOR EUROPEAN GSM/PCN PHONES
448(2)
15.5 Z-PATH IF FILTERS FOR GSM PHONES
450(1)
15.6 IF FILTERS FOR DIGITAL EUROPEAN CORDLESS TELEPHONES (DECT)
451(3)
15.7 IF FILTERS FOR NORTH AMERICAN DIGITAL CELLULAR IS-95 AND PCS PHONES
454(2)
15.7.1 RATIONALE FOR USING CDMA
454(1)
15.7.2 SOME FEATURES OF NORTH AMERICAN DIGITAL CELLULAR IS-95
454(1)
15.7.3 ASPECTS OF NORTH AMERICAN PCS
454(1)
15.7.4 SAW IF FILTERS FOR IS-95 AND PCS-CDMA
455(1)
15.8 "STANDARD" IF FREQUENCIES FOR MOBILE PHONES
456(1)
15.9 SUMMARY
456(1)
15.10 REFERENCES
456(3)
Chapter 16 Fixed-Code SAW IDTs for Spread-Spectrum Communications
459(36)
16.1 INTRODUCTION
459(2)
16.1.1 SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY OF CDMA IN MOBILE CELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS
459(1)
16.1.2 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
460(1)
16.2 MATCHED-FILTER CONCEPTS
461(2)
16.3 RATIONALE FOR USING SPREAD SPECTRUM
463(3)
16.3.1 CHANNEL CAPACITY
463(1)
16.3.2 BANDWIDTH EXPANSION
464(1)
16.3.3 SPREAD-SPECTRUM TECHNIQUES
464(1)
16.3.4 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM
465(1)
16.4 PROCESSING GAIN WITH BINARY PHASE-CODED SAW IDTS
466(5)
16.4.1 CORRELATION AND CONVOLUTION
466(4)
16.4.2 PROCESSING GAIN WITH BINARY PHASE-SHIFT KEYING
470(1)
16.5 FIXED-CODE SAW TRANSDUCERS FOR BINARY PHASE-SHIFT KEYING
471(5)
16.5.1 GENERATION AND DETECTION OF BPSK FIXED-CODE WAVEFORMS
471(2)
16.5.2 BARKER CODES
473(3)
16.6 SECOND-ORDER EFFECTS IN SAW TAPPED DELAY LINES
476(3)
16.6.1 SOURCES OF PHASE ERRORS
476(2)
16.6.2 THE AMBIGUITY FUNCTION
478(1)
16.7 SPREAD-SPECTRUM IDT CODING FOR DIFFERENTIAL PHASE SHIFT KEYING (DPSK)
479(5)
16.7.1 USE OF DPSK IN MOBILE/WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
479(1)
16.7.2 DPSK MODULATION AND DEMODULATION PRINCIPLES
480(2)
16.7.3 DSSS/DPSK RECEIVERS EMPLOYING SAW TRANSDUCERS
482(2)
16.8 SAW TRANSDUCERS FOR QUADRAPHASE CODES
484(3)
16.8.1 REASONS FOR USING QUADRAPHASE CODES
484(1)
16.8.2 CONVERSION FROM BARKER CODES TO QUADRAPHASE CODES
485(1)
16.8.3 APPLICATION TO A SAW IDT
485(2)
16.9 SAW FILTERS FOR CONTINUOUS PHASE-SHIFT MODULATION (CPSM)
487(5)
16.9.1 HIGHLIGHTS OF CPSM
487(1)
16.9.2 SAW IDT IMPLEMENTATION OF CPSM
488(1)
16.9.3 SIMPLIFIED MATHEMATICAL EXPLANATION FOR CPSM IDT DESIGN
489(3)
16.9.4 SAW-BASED MSK RECEIVER FOR A 2.4-GHZ SPREAD-SPECTRUM INDOOR RADIO LINK
492(1)
16.10 SUMMARY
492(1)
16.11 REFERENCES
493(2)
Chapter 17 Real-Time SAW Convolvers For Voice and Data Spread-Spectrum Communications
495(38)
17.1 INTRODUCTION
495(3)
17.1.1 MULTIPATH PROBLEMS IN INDOOR ENVIRONMENTS
495(2)
17.1.2 A NOTE ON MATCHED FILTERING AND CORRELATION
497(1)
17.1.3 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
497(1)
17.2 OPERATION OF SAW DEVICES UNDER NONLINEAR CONDITIONS
498(2)
17.2.1 NONLINEAR PIEZOELECTRIC BEHAVIOR OF SAW DEVICES
499(1)
17.3 CONVOLUTION RELATIONS FOR THE ELASTIC SAW CONVOLVER
500(5)
17.3.1 SIGNAL, REFERENCE, AND CONVOLUTION RELATIONSHIPS
500(3)
17.3.2 CONVOLUTION EFFICIENCY OF THE ELASTIC CONVOLVER
503(1)
17.3.3 FIGURE OF MERIT F AND CONVOLUTION EFFICIENCY XXX(c)
504(1)
17.4 USING THE ELASTIC SAW CONVOLVER AS A CORRELATOR
505(4)
17.4.1 ANOTHER LOOK AT CONVOLUTION AND AUTOCORRELATION
505(1)
17.4.2 BRINGING IN CROSS-CORRELATION
505(1)
17.4.3 EXTRACTING THE MESSAGE MODULATION IN THE SAW CONVOLVER
506(3)
17.5 MONOLITHIC SINGLE-TRACK WAVEGUIDE TYPE OF ELASTIC SAW CONVOLVER
509(4)
17.5.1 DESIGN FEATURES
509(2)
17.5.2 TRADE-OFF BETWEEN BANDWIDTH AND CONVOLUTION EFFICIENCY
511(1)
17.5.3 USING A MULTISTRIP COUPLER FOR BEAM COMPRESSION
511(2)
17.6 DUAL-TRACK WAVEGUIDE TYPE OF ELASTIC SAW CONVOLVER
513(2)
17.6.1 DESIGN HIGHLIGHTS
513(2)
17.6.2 EXAMPLE OF MINIATURE SAW CONVOLVER USED FOR INDOOR COMMUNICATIONS
515(1)
17.7 EXAMPLE OF A PACKET-DATA SYSTEM FOR INDOOR COMMUNICATIONS
515(5)
17.7.1 RATIONALE AND USE OF KASAMI CODE SEQUENCES
515(2)
17.7.2 DATA-BURST TRANSMITTER FOR THE SPREAD-SPECTRUM TRANSCEIVER
517(2)
17.7.3 DUAL-CONVOLVER RECEIVER FOR PACKET DATA SPREAD-SPECTRUM EXAMPLE
519(1)
17.8 EXAMPLE OF A PACKET-VOICE SYSTEM FOR INDOOR COMMUNICATIONS
520(4)
17.8.1 HIGHLIGHTS OF TRANSMISSION SYSTEM
520(1)
17.8.2 RECEIVER DETECTION AND SYNCHRONIZATION
521(3)
17.9 AN ASYNCHRONOUS SPREAD-SPECTRUM SAW-CONVOLVER SYSTEM
524(5)
17.9.1 SOME CONCEPTS FOR ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION
524(1)
17.9.2 A LAYERED SURFACE-WAVE CONVOLVER FOR SPREAD SPECTRUM
525(1)
17.9.3 OPERATION OF ILLUSTRATIVE ASYNCHRONOUS CONVOLVER SYSTEM
526(2)
17.9.4 SPREAD-SPECTRUM IMPLEMENTATION ASYNCHRONOUS SAW CONVOLVER
528(1)
17.10 SUMMARY
529(1)
17.11 REFERENCES
529(4)
Chapter 18 Surface Wave Oscillators and Frequency Synthesizers
533(44)
18.1 INTRODUCTION
533(3)
18.1.1 SURFACE-WAVE OSCILLATORS IN MOBILE AND WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
533(3)
18.1.2 SCOPE OF THIS CHAPTER
536(1)
18.2 PHASE-NOISE SPECTRUM OF AN OSCILLATOR
536(6)
18.2.1 NOISE TERMS
536(4)
18.2.2 UNITS USED IN PHASE-NOISE MEASUREMENTS
540(2)
18.3 SURFACE-WAVE OSCILLATOR PERFORMANCE EXPECTATIONS
542(2)
18.4 TIME-DOMAIN OSCILLATOR STABILITY MEASUREMENTS
544(2)
18.4.1 ALLAN VARIANCE STATISTICS
544(1)
18.4.2 COMPARISON OF TIME DOMAIN AND FREQUENCY DOMAIN OSCILLATOR NOISE
545(1)
18.5 RAYLEIGH-WAVE OSCILLATORS
546(3)
18.5.1 FIXED-FREQUENCY DELAY-LINE OSCILLATOR
546(2)
18.5.2 SINGLE-POLE RAYLEIGH-WAVE RESONATOR OSCILLATORS
548(1)
18.5.3 MULTIPLE-POLE RAYLEIGH-WAVE RESONATOR-FILTER OSCILLATORS
548(1)
18.6 SAW VCOS IN PHASE-LOCKED LOOP SYNTHESIZERS FOR MOBILE RADIO
549(6)
18.6.1 SINAD PERFORMANCE SPECIFICATIONS FOR A UHF MOBILE RADIO RECEIVER
549(2)
18.6.2 RECEIVER SELECTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
551(2)
18.6.3 ILLUSTRATIVE TUNABLE SAW OSCILLATOR CIRCUIT
553(2)
18.7 RAYLEIGH-WAVE OSCILLATORS FOR LOW-POWER WIRELESS DATA LINKS
555(3)
18.7.1 HIGHLIGHTS OF APPLICATIONS
555(1)
18.7.2 EXAMPLE OF TRANSMITTER FOR AUTOMOTIVE KEYLESS ENTRY AND SECURITY SYSTEMS
555(1)
18.7.3 EXAMPLE OF RECEIVER OSCILLATOR FOR LOW-POWER WIRELESS RECEIVERS
555(3)
18.8 MULTIMODE SAW OSCILLATOR
558(4)
18.8.1 APPLICATION TO FREQUENCY-AGILE SYSTEMS
558(1)
18.8.2 PHASE CONDITIONS FOR OSCILLATION
558(2)
18.8.3 ACOUSTIC Q OF MULTIMODE SAW COMB FILTER
560(1)
18.8.4 AN ILLUSTRATIVE DESIGN
560(1)
18.8.5 SELECTING THE DESIRED OSCILLATION MODE
560(2)
18.9 SSBW AND STW OSCILLATORS
562(4)
18.9.1 REVIEW OF SUBSTRATES AND PROCESSES
562(1)
18.9.2 OSCILLATORS USING SSBW DELAY LINES
563(1)
18.9.3 SURFACE TRANSVERSE WAVE (STW) RESONATORS
563(2)
18.9.4 SURFACE TRANSVERSE WAVE (STW) OSCILLATORS AND APPLICATIONS
565(1)
18.10 INJECTION-LOCKED OSCILLATORS FOR CARRIER RECOVERY
566(3)
18.10.1 INJECTION-LOCKING PRINCIPLES
566(3)
18.10.2 INJECTION-LOCKED OSCILLATOR FOR CARRIER-RECOVERY
569(1)
18.11 A SAW-BASED FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER
569(4)
18.11.1 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
569(1)
18.11.2 CHIRP MIXING PRINCIPLES
570(2)
18.11.3 EXAMPLE OF A HIGH-PERFORMANCE SAW-BASED SYNTHESIZER
572(1)
18.12 SUMMARY
573(1)
18.13 REFERENCES
574(3)
Chapter 19 SAW Filters For Digital Microwave Radio, Fiber Optic, and Satellite Systems
577(34)
19.1 REVIEW OF COVERAGE TO THIS POINT
577(1)
19.2 COVERAGE OF THIS CHAPTER
578(1)
19.3 DIGITAL MICROWAVE RADIO CONCEPTS
579(5)
19.3.1 DIGITAL MICROWAVE RADIO LINKS
579(1)
19.3.2 DATA TRANSMISSION TERMINOLOGY AND UNITS
580(1)
19.3.3 POWER SPECTRUM OF NONRETURN-TO-ZERO (NRZ) CODES
581(1)
19.3.4 QUADRATURE-AMPLITUDE MODULATION
582(2)
19.4 NYQUIST THEOREMS AND FILTERS
584(7)
19.4.1 RESPONSE OF AN IDEAL LINEAR-PHASE FILTER TO A SINGLE IMPULSE
584(4)
19.4.2 NYQUIST BANDWIDTH THEOREM
588(1)
19.4.3 NYQUIST VESTIGIAL SYMMETRY THEOREM
588(2)
19.4.4 NYQUIST FILTERS AND MATCHED FILTERS
590(1)
19.5 ILLUSTRATIVE SAW NYQUIST FILTER RESPONSE
591(4)
19.5.1 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND RESTRICTIONS
594(1)
19.5.2 A BASIC 16-QAM DIGITAL RADIO SYSTEM
594(1)
19.6 IF FILTERS FOR DIGITAL RADIO EMPLOYING SLANTED-FINGER IDTS
595(1)
19.7 SAW FILTERS FOR CLOCK RECOVERY IN OPTICAL FIBER DATA SYSTEMS
596(6)
19.7.1 CLOCK RECOVERY CIRCUITS
596(5)
19.7.2 BANDWIDTH OF CLOCK-RECOVERY FILTER
601(1)
19.7.3 RESTRICTIONS ON THE Q OF THE SAW CLOCK FILTER
601(1)
19.8 SAW FILTERS FOR SATELLITE SYSTEMS
602(6)
19.8.1 FIXED AND MOBILE SATELLITE SERVICES
602(1)
19.8.2 SAW FILTERS IN FSS AND MSS SATELLITES
603(1)
19.8.3 SATELLITES FOR PERSONAL COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
604(3)
19.8.4 IF FILTERS FOR SATELLITE EARTH STATIONS EMPLOYING SLANTED-FINGER IDTS
607(1)
19.9 SUMMARY
608(1)
19.10 REFERENCES
608(3)
Chapter 20 Postscript
611(2)
20.1 TRENDS IN MOBILE/WIRELESS SYSTEMS
611(1)
20.2 IMPLICATIONS FOR SURFACE WAVE DEVICE TECHNOLOGY
611(1)
20.3 REFERENCES
612(1)
GLOSSARY 613(6)
INDEX 619
Colin K. Campbell, Ph.D., D.Sc., is professor of electrical and computer engineering at McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario. He holdsdegrees in electrical engineering and physics from MIT, St. Andrew's, and the University of Dundee. He has more than 30 years of experience in industry, academia, and government communications service in Canada, the United States, and Great Britain. In addition, Dr. Campbell has conducted extensive research in such areas as SAW devices, high-power lasers, VLSI circuit fabrication, superconductivity, and millimeter wave instrumentation and measurement. He is the recipient of many awards, including the Eadie Medal of the Royal Society of Canada for major contributions in the field of engineering and applied science in Canada, the Inventor insignia from Canadian Patents and Development, Ltd., and a citation for outstanding contributions to university education. In 1986, Dr. Campbell was elected a Fellow of the IEEE for his contributions to surface acoustic wave devices and electrical engineering education.