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Surface Science: Foundations of Catalysis and Nanoscience 3rd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

3.80/5 (7 ratings by Goodreads)

Kurt W. Kolasinski (West Chester University)

Formāts: Paperback / softback, 572 pages, height x width x depth: 244x188x28 mm, weight: 975 g
Izdošanas datums: 10-Apr-2012
Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN-10: 1119990351
ISBN-13: 9781119990352

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Formāts: Paperback / softback, 572 pages, height x width x depth: 244x188x28 mm, weight: 975 g
Izdošanas datums: 10-Apr-2012
Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
ISBN-10: 1119990351
ISBN-13: 9781119990352

Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:

Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781119990352.html

Keywords:

Surface science has evolved from being a sub-field of chemistry or physics, and has now established itself as an interdisciplinary topic. Knowledge has developed sufficiently that we can now understand catalysis from a surface science perspective. No-where is the underpinning nature of surface science better illustrated than with nanoscience.

Now in its third edition, this successful textbook aims to provide students with an understanding of chemical transformations and the formation of structures at surfaces. The chapters build from simple to more advanced principles with each featuring exercises, which act not only to demonstrate concepts arising in the text but also to form an integral part of the book, with the last eight chapters featuring worked solutions.

This completely revised and expanded edition features:

More than 100 new pages of extensive worked solutions
New topics, including: Second harmonic generation (SHG), Sum Frequency Generation (SFG) at interfaces and capillary waves
An expanded treatment of charge transfer and carbon-based materials including graphene
Extended ‘Frontiers and Challenges’ sections at the end of each chapter.

This text is suitable for all students taking courses in surface science in Departments of Chemistry, Physics, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, as well as for researchers and professionals requiring an up-to-date review of the subject.

Acknowledgements

Introduction

(8)

1.1 Heterogeneous catalysis

(1)

1.2 Why surfaces?

(1)

1.3 Where are heterogeneous reactions important?

(1)

1.3.1 Haber-Bosch process

(1)

1.3.2 Fischer-Tropsch chemistry

(1)

1.3.3 Three-way catalyst

(1)

1.4 Semiconductor processing and nanotechnology

(1)

1.5 Other areas of relevance

(1)

1.6 Structure of the book

(4)

References

(2)

1 Surface and Adsorbate Structure

(42)

1.1 Clean surface structure

(12)

1.1.1 Ideal flat surfaces

(3)

1.1.2 High index and vicinal planes

(1)

1.1.3 Faceted surfaces

(1)

1.1.4 Bimetallic surfaces

(1)

1.1.5 Oxide and compound semiconductor surfaces

(3)

1.1.6 The carbon family: Diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes and carbon nanotubes

(3)

1.1.7 Porous solids

(1)

1.2 Reconstruction and adsorbate structure

(8)

1.2.1 Implications of surface heterogeneity for adsorbates

(1)

1.2.2 Clean surface reconstructions

(1)

1.2.3 Adsorbate induced reconstructions

(3)

1.2.4 Islands

(1)

1.2.5 Chiral surfaces

(2)

1.3 Band structure of solids

(11)

1.3.1 Bulk electronic states

(1)

1.3.2 Metals, semiconductors and insulators

(1)

1.3.3 Energy levels at metal interfaces

(6)

1.3.4 Energy levels at metal-semiconductor interfaces

(2)

1.3.5 Surface electronic states

(1)

1.3.6 Size effects in nanoscale systems

(2)

1.4 The vibrations of solids

(2)

1.4.1 Bulk systems

(2)

1.4.2 Nanoscale systems

(1)

1.5 Summary of important concepts

(1)

1.6 Frontiers and challenges

(1)

1.7 Further reading

(1)

1.8 Exercises

(7)

References

(4)

2 Experimental Probes and Techniques

(64)

2.1 Ultrahigh vacuum

(2)

2.1.1 The need for UHV

(1)

2.1.2 Attaining UHV

(1)

2.2 Light and electron sources

(4)

2.2.1 Types of lasers

(1)

2.2.2 Atomic lamps

(2)

2.2.3 Synchrotrons

(1)

2.2.4 Free electron laser (FEL)

(1)

2.2.5 Electron guns

(1)

2.3 Molecular beams

(6)

2.3.1 Knudsen molecular beams

(1)

2.3.2 Free Jets

(2)

2.3.3 Comparison of Knudsen and supersonic beams

(3)

2.4 Scanning probe techniques

(10)

2.4.1 Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM)

(4)

2.4.2 Scanning tunnelling spectroscopy (STS)

(1)

2.4.3 Atomic force microscopy (AFM)

(3)

2.4.4 Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM)

(3)

2.5 Low energy electron diffraction (LEED)

(7)

Advanced Topic: LEED structure determination

(3)

2.6 Electron spectroscopy

(15)

2.6.1 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)

(5)

2.6.2 Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS)

(4)

Advanced Topic: Multiphoton photoemission (MPPE)

(5)

2.6.3 Auger electron spectroscopy (AES)

(1)

2.6.4 Photoelectron microscopy

(1)

2.7 Vibrational spectroscopy

(8)

2.7.1 IR spectroscopy

(4)

2.7.2 Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS)

101

(2)

2.8 Second harmonic and sum frequency generation

103

(2)

2.9 Other surface analytical techniques

105

(1)

2.10 Summary of important concepts

106

(1)

2.11 Frontiers and challenges

106

(1)

2.12 Further reading

107

(1)

2.13 Exercises

107

(8)

References

111

(4)

3 Chemisorption, Physisorption and Dynamics

115

(70)

3.1 Types of interactions

115

(1)

3.2 Binding sites and diffusion

116

(4)

3.3 Physisorption

120

(1)

Advanced Topic: Theoretical Description of Physisorption

120

(1)

3.4 Non-dissociative chemisorption

121

(8)

3.4.1 Theoretical treatment of chemisorption

121

(3)

3.4.2 The Blyholder model of CO chemisorption on a metal

124

(3)

3.4.3 Molecular oxygen chemisorption

127

(1)

3.4.4 The binding of ethene

128

(1)

3.5 Dissociative chemisorption: H2 on a simple metal

129

(1)

3.6 What determines the reactivity of metals?

130

(3)

3.7 Atoms and molecules incident on a surface

133

(11)

3.7.1 Scattering channels

133

(2)

3.7.2 Non-activated adsorption

135

(2)

3.7.3 Hard cube model

137

(2)

3.7.4 Activated adsorption

139

(1)

3.7.5 Direct versus precursor mediated adsorption

140

(4)

3.8 Microscopic reversibility in Ad/Desorption phenomena

144

(4)

3.9 The influence of individual degrees of freedom on adsorption and desorption

148

(2)

3.9.1 Energy exchange

148

(1)

3.9.2 PES topography and the relative efficacy of energetic components

149

(1)

3.10 Translations, corrugation, surface atom motions

150

(6)

3.10.1 Effects on adsorption

150

(3)

3.10.2 Connecting adsorption and desorption with microscopic reversibility

153

(1)

3.10.3 Normal energy scaling

154

(2)

3.11 Rotations and adsorption

156

(2)

3.11.1 Non-activated adsorption

156

(1)

3.11.2 Activated adsorption

157

(1)

3.12 Vibrations and adsorption

158

(1)

3.13 Competitive adsorption and collision induced processes

158

(3)

Advanced Topic: High Energy Collisions

161

(1)

3.14 Classification of reaction mechanisms

161

(4)

3.14.1 Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism

162

(2)

3.14.2 Eley-Rideal mechanism

164

(1)

3.14.3 Hot atom mechanism

164

(1)

3.15 Measurement of sticking coefficients

165

(3)

3.16 Summary of important concepts

168

(1)

3.17 Frontiers and challenges

169

(1)

3.18 Further reading

170

(1)

3.19 Exercises

170

(15)

References

177

(8)

4 Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption

185

(44)

4.1 Thermodynamics of Ad/Desorption

185

(5)

4.1.1 Binding energies and activation barriers

185

(2)

4.1.2 Thermodynamic quantities

187

(1)

4.1.3 Some definitions

187

(1)

4.1.4 The heat of adsorption

188

(2)

4.2 Adsorption isotherms from thermodynamics

190

(3)

4.3 Lateral interactions

193

(1)

4.4 Rate of desorption

194

(8)

4.4.1 First-order desorption

195

(1)

4.4.2 Transition state theory treatment of first-order desorption

196

(3)

4.4.3 Thermodynamic treatment of first-order desorption

199

(2)

4.4.4 Non-first-order desorption

201

(1)

4.5 Kinetics of adsorption

202

(8)

4.5.1 CTST approach to adsorption kinetics

202

(1)

4.5.2 Langmuirian adsorption: Non-dissociative adsorption

203

(2)

4.5.3 Langmuirian adsorption: Dissociative adsorption

205

(2)

4.5.4 Dissociative Langmuirian adsorption with lateral interactions

207

(1)

4.5.5 Precursor mediated adsorption

207

(3)

4.6 Adsorption isotherms from kinetics

210

(3)

4.6.1 Langmuir isotherm

210

(1)

4.6.2 Classification of adsorption isotherms

211

(2)

4.6.3 Thermodynamic measurements via isotherms

213

(1)

4.7 Temperature programmed desorption (TPD)

213

(8)

4.7.1 The basis of TPD

213

(2)

4.7.2 Qualitative analysis of TPD spectra

215

(2)

4.7.3 Quantitative analysis of TPD spectra

217

(4)

4.8 Summary of important concepts

221

(1)

4.9 Frontiers and challenges

222

(1)

4.10 Further reading

222

(1)

4.11 Exercises

222

(7)

References

227

(2)

5 Liquid Interfaces

229

(38)

5.1 Structure of the liquid/solid interface

229

(5)

5.1.1 The structure of the water/solid interface

230

(4)

5.2 Surface energy and surface tension

234

(5)

5.2.1 Liquid surfaces

234

(2)

5.2.2 Curved interfaces

236

(2)

5.2.3 Capillary waves

238

(1)

5.3 Liquid films

239

(2)

5.3.1 Liquid-on-solid films

239

(2)

5.4 Langmuir films

241

(2)

5.5 Langmuir-Blodgett films

243

(5)

5.5.1 Capillary condensation and meniscus formation

243

(3)

5.5.2 Vertical deposition

246

(1)

5.5.3 Horizontal lifting (Shaefer's method)

247

(1)

5.6 Self assembled monolayers (SAMs)

248

(6)

5.6.1 Thermodynamics of self-assembly

249

(1)

5.6.2 Amphiphiles and bonding interactions

250

(1)

5.6.3 Mechanism of SAM formation

250

(3)

Advanced Topic: Chemistry with Self Assembled Monolayers

253

(1)

5.7 Thermodynamics of liquid interfaces

254

(3)

5.7.1 The Gibbs model

254

(1)

5.7.2 Surface excess

254

(2)

5.7.3 Interfacial enthalpy and internal, Helmholtz and Gibbs surface energies

256

(1)

5.7.4 Gibbs adsorption isotherm

257

(1)

5.8 Electrified and charged interfaces

257

(4)

5.8.1 Surface charge and potential

257

(2)

5.8.2 Relating work functions to the electrochemical series

259

(2)

5.9 Summary of important concepts

261

(1)

5.10 Frontiers and challenges

262

(1)

5.11 Further reading

262

(1)

5.12 Exercises

263

(4)

References

265

(2)

6 Heterogeneous Catalysis

267

(38)

6.1 The prominence of heterogeneous reactions

267

(2)

6.2 Measurement of surface kinetics and reaction mechanisms

269

(4)

6.3 Haber-Bosch process

273

(4)

6.4 From microscopic kinetics to catalysis

277

(6)

6.4.1 Reaction kinetics

277

(1)

6.4.2 Kinetic analysis using De Donder relations

278

(1)

6.4.3 Definition of the rate determining step (RDS)

279

(1)

6.4.4 Microkinetic analysis of ammonia synthesis

280

(3)

6.5 Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and related chemistry

283

(3)

6.6 The three-way automotive catalyst

286

(2)

6.7 Promoters

288

(2)

6.8 Poisons

290

(1)

6.9 Bimetallic and bifunctional catalysts

291

(1)

6.10 Rate oscillations and spatiotemporal pattern formation

292

(3)

Advanced Topic: Cluster assembled catalysts

294

(1)

6.11 Sabatier analysis and optimal catalyst selection

295

(1)

6.12 Summary of important concepts

296

(1)

6.13 Frontiers and challenges

297

(1)

6.14 Further reading

298

(1)

6.15 Exercises

298

(7)

References

300

(5)

7 Growth and Epitaxy

305

(48)

7.1 Stress and strain

305

(3)

7.2 Types of interfaces

308

(2)

7.2.1 Strain relief

309

(1)

7.3 Surface energy, surface tension and strain energy

310

(1)

7.4 Growth modes

311

(6)

7.4.1 Solid-on-solid growth

311

(2)

7.4.2 Strain in solid-on-solid growth

313

(1)

7.4.3 Ostwald ripening

314

(1)

7.4.4 Equilibrium overlayer structure and growth mode

315

(2)

7.5 Nucleation theory

317

(2)

7.6 Growth away from equilibrium

319

(3)

7.6.1 Thermodynamics versus dynamics

319

(1)

7.6.2 Non-equilibrium growth modes

320

(2)

7.7 Techniques for growing layers

322

(5)

7.7.1 Molecular beam epitaxy (MBE)

323

(3)

7.7.2 Chemical vapour deposition (CVD)

326

(1)

7.7.3 Ablation techniques

327

(1)

7.8 Catalytic growth of nanotubes and nanowires

327

(5)

7.9 Etching

332

(12)

7.9.1 Classification of etching

332

(3)

7.9.2 Etch morphologies

335

(1)

7.9.3 Porous solid formation

336

(1)

7.9.4 Silicon etching in aqueous fluoride solutions

337

(3)

7.9.5 Coal gasification and graphite etching

340

(1)

7.9.6 Selective area growth and etching

341

(2)

Advanced Topic: Si Pillar Formation

343

(1)

7.10 Summary of important concepts

344

(1)

7.11 Frontiers and challenges

344

(1)

7.12 Further reading

345

(1)

7.13 Exercises

345

(8)

References

347

(6)

8 Laser and Non-Thermal Chemistry: Photon and Electron Stimulated Chemistry and Atom Manipulation

353

(62)

8.1 Photon excitation of surfaces

354

(12)

8.1.1 Light absorption by condensed matter

354

(1)

8.1.2 Lattice heating

355

(4)

Advanced Topic: Temporal evolution of electronic excitations

359

(6)

8.1.3 Summary of laser excitations

365

(1)

8.2 Mechanisms of electron and photon stimulated processes

366

(8)

8.2.1 Direct versus substrate mediated processes

366

(1)

8.2.2 Gas phase photochemistry

367

(2)

8.2.3 Gas phase electron stimulated chemistry

369

(1)

8.2.4 MGR and Antoniewicz models of DIET

369

(4)

8.2.5 Desorption induced by ultrafast excitation

373

(1)

8.3 Photon and electron induced chemistry at surfaces

374

(10)

8.3.1 Thermal desorption, reaction and diffusion

374

(1)

8.3.2 Stimulated desorption/reaction

375

(6)

8.3.3 Ablation

381

(3)

8.4 Charge transfer and electrochemistry

384

(13)

8.4.1 Homogeneous electron transfer

385

(2)

8.4.2 Corrections to and improvements on Marcus theory

387

(2)

8.4.3 Heterogeneous electron transfer

389

(2)

8.4.4 Current flow at a metal electrode

391

(2)

Advanced Topic: Semiconductor photoelectrodes and the Gratzel photovoltaic cell

393

(4)

8.5 Tip Induced process: mechanisms of atom manipulation

397

(7)

8.5.1 Electric field effects

398

(1)

8.5.2 Tip induced ESD

398

(1)

8.5.3 Vibrational ladder climbing

399

(1)

8.5.4 Pushing

400

(2)

8.5.5 Pulling

402

(1)

8.5.6 Atom manipulation by covalent forces

402

(2)

8.6 Summary of important concepts

404

(1)

8.7 Frontiers and challenges

404

(1)

8.8 Further reading

405

(1)

8.9 Exercises

405

(10)

References

408

(7)

9 Answers to Exercises from
Chapter
1. Surface and Adsorbate Structure

415

(12)

10 Answers to Exercises from
Chapter
2. Experimental Probes and Techniques

427

(18)

11 Answers to Exercises from
Chapter
3. Chemisorption, Physisorption and Dynamics

445

(20)

12 Answers to Exercises from
Chapter
4. Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Adsorption and Desorption

465

(22)

13 Answers to Exercises from
Chapter
5. Liquid Interfaces

487

(12)

14 Answers to Exercises from
Chapter
6. Heterogeneous Catalysis

499

(10)

15 Answers to Exercises From
Chapter
7. Growth and Epitaxy

509

(6)

16 Answers to exercises from
Chapter
8. Laser and Nonthermal Chemistry

515

(16)

Appendix I Abbreviations and Prefixes

531

(4)

Appendix II Symbols

535

(6)

Appendix III Useful Mathematical Expressions

541

(4)

Index

545

Professor Kurt Kolasinksi is based at West Chester University in the Department of Chemistry. His research concentrates on the study of dynamical processes at the surfaces of metals and semiconductors with a special emphasis on structure formation and laser-surface interactions. He is responsible for teaching Theoretical and Experimental Physical Chemistry as well as Surface Science. He has published extensively in key journals and is Editor of the Surface Science section of Current Opinion in Solid State and Materials Science. The second edition of his advanced text Surface Science was published in 2008.

Surface Science: Foundations of Catalysis and Nanoscience 3rd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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