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E-grāmata: Surfaces, Interfaces and Colloids - Principles and Applications 2e: Principles and Applications 2nd Edition [Wiley Online]

  • Formāts: 528 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jun-1999
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-VCH Publishers Inc.,U.S.
  • ISBN-10: 471234990
  • ISBN-13: 9780471234999
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Wiley Online
  • Cena: 228,09 €*
  • * this price gives unlimited concurrent access for unlimited time
  • Formāts: 528 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jun-1999
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-VCH Publishers Inc.,U.S.
  • ISBN-10: 471234990
  • ISBN-13: 9780471234999
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Generalizes surface and interfacial science within the larger disciplines of physical chemistry and physics, for students and scientists who want or need to use some aspects of it but do not want to take the plunge required of even introductory texts for people actually entering the field. Argentina-based consultant Meyers assumes only a limited familiarity with such matters as thermodynamics, quantum mechanics, solution theory, and electrical phenomena. He does not note the date of the first edition, but explains that the second corrects some errors, adds some material and drops other, and includes chapter-end problems of varying difficulty to make the text more usable in classrooms. Annotation c. Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

From the reviews of the First Edition: "The book has admirably met its stated goal. The whole gamut of surface and colloid science has been presented in a comprehensive manner without any undue oversimplification. The author should be congratulated for his clarity." -Advanced Materials Now in its second edition, this work remains the single most useful introduction available to the complex area of surface and colloids science. Industry expert Drew Myers walks readers through concepts, theories, and applications-keeping the mathematics to a minimum and presenting real-world case studies to illustrate key technological and biological processes. He substantially reorganizes and updates the material to reflect the current state of knowledge in the field, offering new chapters on absorption and biological systems in addition to the important areas of colloid stability, emulsions and foams, monolayer films, surfactants, and wetting. This revision also boasts an improved index, more than 200 new line drawings, general and specific chapter bibliographies, and end-of-chapter problems. Geared to scientists, technologists, and students dealing with colloidal and surface systems and their numerous industrial applications, the book imparts an understanding of the fundamental aspects of surfaces, interfaces, and colloids, which is essential for effective solutions in diverse areas of chemistry, physics, biology, medicine, engineering, and material sciences.
Preface to the Second Edition xvii
Preface to the First Edition xix
Surfaces and Colloids: The Twilight Zone
1(7)
Introduction: The World of Neglected Dimensions
1(4)
An Historical Prospective
5(1)
A View to the Future
6(1)
Problems
7(1)
Surfaces and Interfaces: General Concepts
8(13)
The Nature of Interfaces
8(2)
Surface Free Energy
10(10)
The Work of Cohesion and Adhesion
13(5)
Standard Reference States
18(1)
The Molecular Nature of the Interfacial Region
18(2)
Problems
20(1)
Surface Activity and Surfactant Structures
21(19)
Basic Structural Requirements for Surface Activity
21(2)
Surfactant Structures and Sources
23(11)
The Classification of Surfactants
24(1)
Building Blocks for Surfactant Molecules
25(4)
Surfactant Solubilizing Groups
29(1)
Common Surfactant Hydrophobic Groups
30(4)
The Economic Importance of Surfactants
34(2)
Surfactants in the Environment
36(2)
Biodegradation of Surfactants
36(1)
Rules for Biodegradation
37(1)
Problems
38(2)
Attractive Forces
40(39)
Chemical and Physical Interactions
40(1)
The Importance of Long-Range Physical Forces
41(1)
Classification of Physical Forces
42(13)
Coulombic or Electrostatic Interactions
43(2)
Other Interactions Involving Ions
45(10)
van der Waals Forces
55(11)
Dipole-Dipole Interactions
55(2)
Angle-Averaged Dipolar Interactions
57(1)
Dipole-Induced Dipole Interactions
57(1)
The London-van der Waals (Dispersion) Force
58(4)
Total van der Waals Interactions between Polar Molecules
62(2)
Effects of a Nonvacuum Medium
64(2)
Interactions between Surfaces and Particles
66(3)
Surface Interactions in Novacuum Media
67(1)
Dipole, Induced Dipole, and Hydrogen Bonding (Acid--Base) Interactions at Interfaces
68(1)
Lifshitz Theory: A Continuum Approach
69(5)
Some Shortcomings of the Hamaker and Lifshitz Theories
72(1)
Hard Sphere Diameter Effects
72(2)
Hydrodynamic Flow Effects in Interfacial Interactions
74(3)
Problems
77(2)
Electrostatic Forces and the Electrical Double Layer
79(18)
Sources of Interfacial Charge
79(4)
Differential Ion Solubility
81(1)
Direct Ionization of Surface Groups
81(1)
Substitution of Surface Ions
82(1)
Specific-Ion Adsorption
82(1)
Anisotropic Crystals
83(1)
Electrostatic Theory: Coulomb's Law
83(8)
Boltzman's Distribution and the Electrical Double Layer
84(1)
Double-Layer Thickness: The Debye Length
85(3)
Specific-Ion Adsorption and the Stern Layer
88(3)
Electrokinetic Phenomena
91(5)
Particle Electrophoresis
92(1)
Moving-Boundary Electrophoresis
93(1)
Gel (Zone) Electrophoresis
93(1)
Some Practical Comments on Electrokinetic Characteristics
94(2)
Problems
96(1)
Capillarity
97(28)
Fluid Properties and Dynamics
97(3)
A Capillary Model
100(1)
Capillary Driving Forces in Liquid--Fluid Systems
101(17)
Solid--Liquid--Fluid Systems: the Effect of Contact Angle
103(1)
Capillary Flow and Spreading Processes
104(3)
Geometric Considerations in Capillary Flow
107(2)
Measurement of Capillary Driving Forces
109(3)
Complications to Capillary Flow Analysis
112(5)
Rates and Patterns of Capillary Flow
117(1)
Some Practical Capillary Systems
118(5)
Wetting in Woven Fibers and Papers
118(3)
Waterproofing or Repellency Control
121(1)
Capillary Action in Detergency Processes
122(1)
Problems
123(2)
Solid Surfaces
125(15)
Surface Mobility in Solids
125(4)
Sintering
128(1)
``History'' and the Characteristics of Solid Surfaces
129(1)
Solid Surface Free Energy vs Surface Tension
130(2)
The Formation of Solid Surfaces
132(6)
Crystalline Surfaces
132(1)
Nucleation Processes
133(2)
Amorphous Solid Surfaces
135(3)
Problems
138(2)
Liquid--Fluid Interfaces
140(39)
The Nature of a Liquid Surface: Surface Tension
140(7)
Surface Mobility
142(1)
Temperature Effects on Surface Tension
143(1)
The Effect of Surface Curvature
144(1)
Dynamic Surface Tension
145(2)
Surface Tensions of Solutions
147(4)
Surfactants and the Reduction of Surface Tension
150(1)
Effects of Phase Densities
151(1)
Surfactant Adsorption and Gibbs Monolayers
151(7)
Efficiency, Effectiveness, and Surfactant Structure
152(2)
Adsorption Effectiveness
154(4)
Insoluble Monomolecular Films
158(4)
Surface Pressure
160(1)
Surface Potential
161(1)
Surface Rheology
161(1)
The Physical States of Monolayer Films
162(12)
Gaseous Films
163(1)
Liquid Films
164(1)
Condensed Films
165(2)
Some Factors Affecting the Type of Film Formed
167(3)
Mixed-Film Formation
170(1)
Surface Films of Polymers and Proteins
171(1)
Monolayer Films at Liquid--Liquid Interfaces and on Nonaqueous Liquids
172(1)
Deposited Monolayers and Multilayer Films
173(1)
A Final Comment
174(1)
Problems
174(5)
Adsorption
179(35)
Introduction
179(7)
The Gibbs Surface Excess
180(3)
The Gibbs Adsorption Equation
183(3)
Adsorption at the Solid--Vapor Interface
186(7)
Energetic Considerations: Physical Adsorption versus Chemisorption
187(3)
Chemisorption and Heterogeneous Catalysis
190(3)
Catalytic Promoters and Poisons
193(1)
Solid--Vapor Adsorption Isotherms
193(6)
Classification of Adsorption Isotherms
194(2)
The Langmuir Isotherm
196(1)
The Freundlich Adsorption Isotherm
197(1)
The Brunauer--Emmett--Teller (BET) Isotherm
198(1)
Surface Areas from the BET Isotherm
198(1)
Adsorption at Solid--Liquid Interfaces
199(1)
The Adsorption Model
200(2)
Quantification of Surfactant Adsorption
202(9)
Adsorption Isotherms in Solid--Liquid Systems
202(2)
Adsorption and Modification of the Solid--Liquid Interface
204(1)
Adsorption and Nature of the Adsorbent Surface
204(4)
Environmental Effects on Adsorption
208(2)
Effects of Adsorption on the Nature of the Solid Surface
210(1)
Problems
211(3)
Colloids and Colloidal Stability
214(39)
The Importance of Colloids and Colloidal Phenomena
214(1)
Colloids: A Working Definition
215(4)
Colloid Structure
216(2)
Colloid Size
218(1)
Some Points of Nomenclature
218(1)
Mechanisms of Colloid Formation
219(3)
Comminution or Dispersion Methods
219(2)
Condensation Methods
221(1)
The ``Roots'' of Colloidal Behavior
222(1)
Ground Rules for Colloidal Stability
223(7)
A Problem of Semantics
225(1)
Mechanisms of Stabilization
226(1)
A Review of Basic Intermolecular Forces
226(2)
Fundamental Interparticle Forces
228(1)
Attractive Interactions in Nonvacuum Media
229(1)
Sources of Colloidal Stability
230(3)
Charged Surfaces and the Electrical Double Layer
231(1)
Some Complicating Factors
231(2)
Steric or Enthalpic Stabilization
233(3)
The Mechanism of Steric Stabilization
234(2)
Solvent Effects in Steric Stabilization
236(1)
Effects of Polymer Molecular Weight
237(1)
Depletion Flocculation
238
Coagulation Kinetics
236(12)
Kinetics of Particle Collisions: Fast Coagulation
239(2)
Slow Coagulation
241(2)
Critical Coagulation Concentration
243(1)
The Deryagin--Landau--Verwey--Overbeek (DLVO) Theory
244(3)
Reversible Flocculation and the Secondary Minimum
247(1)
The Complete Interaction Curve
248(1)
Problems
248(5)
Emulsions
253(40)
Fundamental Concepts in Emulsion Science and Technology
253(1)
Emulsion Formation
254(1)
Emulsions and the Liquid--Liquid Interface
255(4)
Classification of Emulsifiers and Stabilizers
256(2)
What Determines Emulsion Types?
258(1)
Adsorption at Liquid--Liquid Interfaces
259(2)
General Considerations of Emulsion Formation and Stability
261(1)
Some Mechanistic Details of Stabilization
262(16)
Polymeric Emulsifiers and Stabilizers
263(1)
Solid Particles
264(1)
Surfactants
265(1)
Surfactant Structure and Emulsion Performance
265(1)
Liquid Crystals and Emulsion Stability
266(1)
Mixed Surfactant Systems and Interfacial Complexes
267(1)
Emulsion Type
268(2)
The Hydrophile--Lipophile Balance (HLB)
270(3)
Cohesive Energies and the Solubility Parameter
273(5)
Solubility Parameters, Surfactants, and Emulsions
278(3)
The Relationship between HLB and Solubility Parameter
281(1)
The Geometric Approach
282(6)
Phase Inversion Temperature (PIT)
283(1)
Application of HLB and PIT in Emulsion Formulation
284(2)
Some Other Factors Affecting Stability
286(2)
Multiple Emulsions
288(5)
Nomenclature for Multiple Emulsions
289(1)
Preparation and Stability of Multiple Emulsions
289(2)
Primary Emulsion Breakdown
291(2)
The Surfactants and Phase Components
293(1)
Problems
293(1)
Foams
293(24)
The Importance of Foams
295(1)
Foam Formation
296(1)
Basic Properties of Foams
297(1)
Foam Stability or Persistence
298(5)
Thermodynamic Conditions for Stability
302(1)
Stabilization Mechanisms
302(1)
Practical Control of Foamability and Persistence
303(4)
Monomeric Surfactant Stabilization
306(1)
Polymers and Foam Stabilization
306(1)
Foam Formation and Surfactant Structure
307(2)
Liquid Crystals and Foam Stability
309(1)
The Effects of Additives on Surfactant Foaming Properties
310(2)
Foam Inhibition
312(2)
Problems
314(3)
Aerosols
317(22)
The Importance of Aerosols
317(1)
Colloidal Properties of Aerosols
318(5)
Dynamics of the Aerosol Movement
319(2)
Colloidal Interactions in Aerosols
321(2)
Liquid Aerosols: Mists and Fogs
323(8)
Spraying and Related Mechanisms of Mist and Fog Formation
324(1)
Inertial Processes for Drop Formation
325(1)
Nozzle Atomization
325(2)
Rotary Atomization
327(1)
Aerosol Formation by Condensation
328(3)
Solid Aerosols: Dust and Smoke
331(2)
The Destruction of Aerosols
333(4)
Problems
337(2)
Polymers at Interfaces
339(19)
The Solubility of Macromolecules
339(2)
Statistics of Polymer Chain Conformations in Solution
340(1)
Problems with Random Walks
341(1)
Adsorption of Polymers at Interfaces
341(3)
Polymer-Surfactant Interactions
344(12)
Mechanisms of Polymer-Surfactant Complex Formation
346(8)
Polymers, Surfactants, and Solubilization
354(1)
Emulsion Polymerization
354(2)
Problems
356(2)
Association Colloids: Micelles, Vesicles, and Membranes
358(39)
Surfactant Solubility, Krafft Temperature, and Cloud Point
359(3)
Surfactant Liquid Crystals
362(1)
Micelles
363(10)
Manifestations of Micelle Formation
366(3)
Classic Thermodynamics of Micelle Formation
369(2)
Free Energy of Micellization
371(2)
Molecular Geometry and the Formation of Association Colloids
373(5)
Some Correlations between Surfactant Structure, Environment, and Micellization
378(12)
Aggregation Number
378(2)
The Critical Micelle Concentration
380(4)
The Effect of Additives
384(3)
Micelle Formation in Mixed-Surfactant Systems
387(1)
Micelle Formation in Nonaqueous Media
388(2)
Vesicles and Bilayer Membranes
390(3)
Vesicles
391(1)
Polymerized Vesicles and Lipid Bilayers
392(1)
Biological Membranes
393(2)
Membrane Surfactants or Lipids
393(2)
Membrane Dynamics
395(1)
Problems
395(2)
Solubilization, Micellar Catalysis, and Microemulsions
397(18)
Solubilization
397(8)
The ``Geography'' of Solubilization
398(2)
The Solubilization Process
400(1)
Generalizations on Surfactant Structure and Solubilizing Power
401(1)
Solubilization and the Nature of the Additive
402(1)
The Effect of Temperature on Solubilization
402(1)
Nonelectrolyte Solutes
402(1)
The Effects of Added Electrolyte
403(1)
Miscellaneous Factors Affecting Solubilization
404(1)
Solubilization and Nutrition
405(1)
Micellar Catalysis
406(3)
Catalysis in Aqueous Solvent
407(2)
Catalysis in Nonaqueous Solvents
409(1)
Microemulsions
409(4)
Micelle, Microemulsion, or Macroemulsion?
410(2)
Negative Interfacial Tensions
412(1)
Problems
413(2)
Wetting and Spreading
415(33)
The Contact Angle
415(8)
Contact Angle Measurement Techniques
419(1)
Contact Angle Hysteresis
419(1)
The Effects of Surface Roughness on Contact Angles and Wetting
420(1)
Heterogeneous Surfaces
421(1)
Kinetic Aspects of Hysteresis
422(1)
The Thermodynamics of Wetting
423(7)
Young's Equation (Again!)
423(2)
The Spreading Coefficient
425(1)
Classification of Wetting Processes
426(2)
Additional Useful Thermodynamic Relationships for Wetting
428(2)
Contact Angles and Calculation of Solid Surface Energies
430(5)
The Critical Surface Tension of Wetting
432(2)
Some Practical Drawbacks
434(1)
The Kinetics of Wetting
435(3)
Factors Affecting Dynamic Wetting Phenomena
437(1)
Competitive Wetting
438(1)
Effects of Surfactants on Wetting Processes
439(6)
Surfactant Effects on Nonpolar Surfaces
441(1)
Surfactants and Wetting on Polar Surfaces
442(3)
Problems
445(3)
Friction, Lubriation, and Wear
448(28)
Friction
448(3)
Friction and the Nature of the Surface
451(5)
Metals and Metal Oxides
452(1)
Crystals with Relatively Isotropic Structures
453(1)
Anisotropic or Layered Crystalline Materials
453(2)
Polymeric (Amorphous) Materials
455(1)
Lubrication
456(13)
Mechanisms of Lubrication
457(10)
Some Final Comments on Lubrication
467(2)
Wear
469(5)
Physical Wear
470(2)
Abrasive Wear
472(1)
Chemical Wear
473(1)
Problems
474(2)
Adhesion
476(13)
Terminology
476(1)
Thermodynamic or Ideal Adhesion
477(1)
Practical Adhesion
478(3)
Some Conditions for ``Good'' Adhesion
481(4)
Adhesive Failure
485(2)
Importance of Failure Identification
485(1)
The Role of Joint Flaws in Adhesive Failure
486(1)
Problems
487(2)
Bibliography 489(6)
Index 495


DREW MYERS is a consultant in surface and colloid science. He is based in Cordoba, Argentina.