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Surfactants from Renewable Resources [Hardback]

Edited by (YKI, Ytkemiska Institutet AB), Edited by (Akzo Nobel Surfactants Europe)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 252x177x24 mm, weight: 737 g
  • Sērija : Wiley Series in Renewable Resource
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Jan-2010
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0470760419
  • ISBN-13: 9780470760413
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Surfactants from Renewable ResourcesPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 352 pages, height x width x depth: 252x177x24 mm, weight: 737 g
  • Sērija : Wiley Series in Renewable Resource
  • Izdošanas datums: 26-Jan-2010
  • Izdevniecība: John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0470760419
  • ISBN-13: 9780470760413
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780470760413.html
Keywords:
Most surfactants today, primarily in the form of detergents, are readily biodegradable and low-toxic, but they are made from petroleum products. Chemical engineers and other researchers mostly from Canada and Europe survey renewable sources for hydrophobes and hydrophiles, new ways of making renewable building blocks, biosurfactants, and polymeric surfactant/surface-active polymers. Among their topics are surfactants based on natural fatty acids, surfactants based on carbohydrates and proteins for consumer products and technical applications, ethylene from renewable resources, surfactants from waste biomass, surface-active polymers from cellulose, and dispersion stabilizers based on inulin. Annotation ©2010 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Most modern surfactants are readily biodegradable and exhibit low toxicity in the aquatic environment, the two criteria for green surfactants. However the majority are synthesised from petroleum, so over the past decade the detergent industry has turned its attention to developing greener routes to create these surfactants via renewable building blocks.

Surfactants from Renewable Resources presents the latest research and commercial applications in the emerging field of sustainable surfactant chemistry, with emphasis on production technology, surface chemical properties, biodegradability, ecotoxicity, market trends, economic viability and life-cycle analysis.

Reviewing traditional sources for renewable surfactants as well as recent advances, this text focuses on techniques with potential for large scale application.

Topics covered include:

  • Renewable hydrophobes from natural fatty acids and forest industry by-products
  • Renewable hydrophiles from carbohydrates, amino acids and lactic acid
  • New ways of making renewable building blocks; ethylene from renewable resources and complex mixtures from waste biomass
  • Biosurfactants
  • Surface active polymers
This book is a valuable resource for industrial researchers in companies that produce and use surfactants, as well as academic researchers in surface and polymer chemistry, sustainable chemistry and chemical engineering.

Recenzijas

"The book is highly concentrated on technical aspects with big expertise in the different production technologies, it aims to be used as a chemical and technical reference for industrial and academic researchers in this field." (Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology, 30 August 2011)

Series Preface xi
Preface xiii
Acknowledgements xvii
List of Contributors xix
Part 1 Renewable Hydrophobes 1
1 Surfactants Based on Natural Fatty Acids
3
Martin Svensson
1.1 Introduction and History
3
1.2 Fats and Oils as Raw Materials
4
1.3 Fatty Acid Soaps
5
1.4 Polyethylene Glycol Fatty Acid Esters
10
1.5 Polyglycerol Fatty Acid Esters
11
1.6 Conclusions
13
References
15
2 Nitrogen Derivatives of Natural Fats and Oils
21
Ralph Franklin
2.1 Introduction
21
2.2 Manufacture of Fatty Nitrogen Derivatives
22
2.3 Production Data
30
2.4 Ecological Aspects
30
2.5 Biodegradation
31
2.6 Properties of Nitrogen-Based Surfactants
33
2.7 Applications
35
2.8 Conclusions
39
References
40
3 Surface-Active Compounds as Forest-Industry By-Products
45
Bjarne Holmbom, Anna Sundberg and Anders Strand
3.1 Introduction
45
3.2 Resin and Fatty Acids
46
3.3 Sterols and Sterol Ethoxylates
54
3.4 Hemicelluloses
56
Acknowledgements
58
References
59
Part 2 Renewable Hydrophiles 63
4 Surfactants Based on Carbohydrates and Proteins for Consumer Products and Technical Applications
65
Karlheinz Hill
4.1 Introduction
65
4.2 Raw Materials
65
4.3 Products and Applications
67
4.4 Conclusion
81
Acknowledgements
81
References
81
5 Amino Acids, Lactic Acid and Ascorbic Acid as Raw Materials for Biocompatible Surfactants
85
Carmen Moran, Lourdes Perez, Ramon Pons, Aurora Pinazo and Maria Rosa Infante
5.1 Introduction
85
5.2 Production of Raw Materials
86
5.3 Lysine-Based Surfactants
87
5.4 Lactic Acid-Based Surfactants
94
5.5 Ascorbic Acid-Based Surfactants
97
References
100
Part 3 New Ways of Making Renewable Building Blocks 109
6 Ethylene from Renewable Resources
111
Anna Lundgren and Thomas Hjertberg
6.1 Introduction
111
6.2 Why Produce Ethylene from Renewable Resources?
113
6.3 Production of Ethylene from Renewable Feedstock
115
6.4 Commercialization of Bioethylene
121
6.5 Environmental Impact of Bioethylene
123
6.6 Certificate of Green Carbon Content
124
6.7 Concluding Remarks
125
References
125
7 Fermentation-Based Building Blocks for Renewable Resource-Based Surfactants
127
Kris Arvid Berglund, Ulrika Rova and David B. Hodge
7.1 Introduction
127
7.2 Existing and Potential Classes of Surfactants from Biologically Derived Metabolites
129
7.3 Fermentation-Based Building Blocks with Large Existing Markets
131
7.4 New Fermentation-Based Building Blocks
133
7.5 Conclusion
138
References
138
Part 4 Biosurfactants 143
8 Synthesis of Surfactants Using Enzymes
145
Patrick Adlercreutz and Rajni Hatti-Kaul
8.1 Introduction
145
8.2 Enzymes as Catalysts for Synthesis of Surfactants
146
8.3 Enzymatic Synthesis of Polar Lipids Useful as Surfactants
147
8.4 Carbohydrate Esters
148
8.5 Fatty Amide Surfactants
151
8.6 Amino Acid-Based Surfactants
155
8.7 Alkyl Glycosides
158
8.8 Future Prospects
160
Acknowledgements
161
References
161
9 Surfactants from Waste Biomass
167
Flor Yunuen Garcia-Becerra, David Grant Allen and Edgar Joel Acosta
9.1 Introduction
167
9.2 Surfactants Obtained from Biological Transformation of Waste Biomass
168
9.3 Surfactants Obtained from Chemical Transformation of Waste Biomass
177
9.4 Summary and Outlook
185
References
185
10 Lecithin and Other Phospholipids
191
Willem van Nieuwenhuyzen
10.1 Introduction
191
10.2 Sources and Production
191
10.3 Composition
195
10.4 Quality and Analysis of Lecithins
196
10.5 Modification
198
10.6 Emulsifying Properties
203
10.7 Applications
206
10.8 Legislation and Reach
209
10.9 Conclusion
211
References
211
11 Sophorolipids and Rhamnolipids
213
Dirk W.G. Develter and Steve J.J. Fleurackers
11.1 Sophorolipids
213
11.2 Derivatives of Native Sophorolipids
224
11.3 Biosynthesis of Novel Sophorolipids
227
11.4 Rhamnolipids
230
11.5 Cleaning Applications Using Sophorolipids and Rhamnolipids
234
References
236
12 Saponin-Based Surfactants
239
Wieslaw Oleszek and Arafa Hamed
12.1 Introduction
239
12.2 Molecular Properties
240
12.3 Sources of Saponins
242
12.4 Saponins as Emulsifiers and Surfactants
242
12.5 Application of Saponins as Surfactants and Emulsifiers
245
Acknowledgements
248
References
248
Part 5 Polymeric Surfactants/Surface-Active Polymers 251
13 Surface-Active Polymers from Cellulose
253
Leif Karlson
13.1 Introduction
253
13.2 Structure and Synthesis of Cellulose Ether
254
13.3 Cellulose Ethers in Aqueous Solution
257
13.4 Interaction with Surfactants
262
13.5 Clouding
263
References
265
14 New Developments in the Commercial Utilization of Lignosulfonates
269
Rolf Andreas Lauten, Bernt O. Myrvold and Stig Are Gundersen
14.1 Introduction
269
14.2 Lignosulfonates
269
14.3 Lignosulfonate Production
271
14.4 Environmental Issues
272
14.5 Lignosulfonates as Stabilizers for Emulsions and Suspoemulsions
274
14.6 Superplasticizers for Concrete
279
14.7 Summary
280
Acknowledgements
281
References
281
15 Dispersion Stabilizers Based on Inulin
285
Tharwat Tadros and Bart Levecke
15.1 Introduction
285
15.2 Solution Properties of Long-Chain Inulin and Hydrophobically Modified Inulin (HMI)
288
15.3 Interfacial Aspects of HMI at Various Interfaces
289
15.4 Emulsions Stabilized Using HMI
290
15.5 Emulsion Polymerization Using HMI
293
15.6 Use of HMI for Preparation and Stabilization of Nanoemulsions
295
References
300
Index 303
Dr Mikael Kjellin is based at the Institute for Surface Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden, which works with many industrial branches including pharmaceuticals, personal care products, biotech, food, industrial chemicals, household products, engineering and materials industries, pulp and paper, coatings, adhesives, paints, and printing. In addition, Dr Kjellin is the coordinator of the research centre SNAP, which aims to build from an industrial need, long-term knowledge and experience relating to new environmentally safe surfactants derived entirely or partly from natural products.

Ingegard.Johansson is a research scientists based at Akzo Nobel Surfactants Europe in Sweden.