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E-grāmata: Sustainability Conflicts in Coastal India: Hazards, Changing Climate and Development Discourses in the Sundarbans

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This multidisciplinary work analyses challenges to sustainable development amidst rapidly changing climate in the world’s largest delta – the Sundarbans. Empirical evidence unpacks grounded vulnerabilities and reveals their temporal socio-economic impacts. A novel concept of ‘everyday disasters’ is proposed – supported by data and photographic evidence – that contests institutional disaster definition. Then it uncovers how the geopolitics of ecological governance and its hegemonic discourse dominate local policies, which in turn fail to address local socio-ecological concerns, adaptation needs and development aspirations. Absence of local vocabularies, cognitive values and socio-cultural contexts along with spatially constricted, exclusionary, top-down techno-science approaches further escalate knowledge-action gaps. Deconstruction of multiscalar conflicts between the global rhetoric and transformative postcolonial geographies offers an ethical, Southern perspective of sustainability.
Part I `Devil' in the Deep Blue Sea?
1 Warming World, Threatened Poor
3(32)
1.1 Cursed Waters and Sifting Soils in Indian Sundarbans
4(3)
1.2 The Third World: Battling Environmental Marginalisation and Discursive Alienation
7(10)
1.2.1 Does the Ecologically Subalternised Want to Adapt?
9(3)
1.2.2 Governing Adaptation: What About Vulnerability?
12(4)
1.2.3 Human Security Framework: Subjectivities and Spatialities of Vulnerabilities
16(1)
1.3 Sustainable Rationalities: Economic vs. Ecological
17(3)
1.4 The Sundarbans: A Living Theatre, Not a One-Act Play
20(3)
1.5 Romancing Theory and the Burden of Injustice
23(12)
References
27(8)
2 Recipe of a Disaster: Peripheral Lives in the Epicentre of Changing Climate
35(34)
2.1 Infinite Waters, Floating Land, Vanishing Tigers and Submerging Humans
35(2)
2.2 Subsisting Sustainability?
37(10)
2.2.1 Diminishing Gain from Grains: Anomalies of Agriculture
41(1)
2.2.2 Fishing in Troubled Waters
42(1)
2.2.3 Forest That Feeds: Harangued for Honey
43(1)
2.2.4 Working Away from the Nature: `Other Work'
44(1)
2.2.5 Unaccounted and Underpaid: Gender Biases in Livelihood
45(2)
2.3 Organised Chaos: Administering Sundarbans
47(2)
2.4 Incapacitated: Everyday Agonies from Unmet Entitlements
49(14)
2.4.1 Public Health: Stillborn
51(2)
2.4.2 Education: Capital Divestment?
53(4)
2.4.3 Transportation: Journeys Through Risks and Fate
57(6)
2.5 Conclusion: From `Frames of Explanation' to `Webs of Relation'
63(6)
References
64(5)
Part II Digging Deep: Evidence and Empiricism
3 Dusting the Layers: Evolution of Vulnerabilities
69(16)
3.1 From the British to the Babus
69(13)
3.1.1 Flight of Fancy and `Fascination': Imperial Imaginings vs. Local Histories
71(5)
3.1.2 Post-colonial Policies: Control and Conserve
76(4)
3.1.3 Placental Fluid: Embankments and Water Management
80(2)
3.2 Conclusion
82(3)
References
82(3)
4 Is Science Sacred?
85(42)
4.1 `Everybody Loves a Good Disaster'
85(11)
4.1.1 Everyday Disasters in the Delta
86(6)
4.1.2 Calamities by the Bay: Aila (The Fabled Cyclone)
92(2)
4.1.3 Disaster Risk Reduction and Development: Shall the Twain Ever Meet?
94(2)
4.2 Slow Poisoning of a Socioecological System
96(9)
4.2.1 Rains, Heats and Salts
96(1)
4.2.2 Sea Levels, Submergence and Erosion
97(5)
4.2.3 Cocreating Climate and Catastrophe, Locally!
102(1)
4.2.4 `Political', Science?
103(2)
4.3 Capital Erosion: The Cost of (Un)Sustainability and (Mai)Adaptation?
105(11)
4.3.1 Soaring Marginality: When Climate Change Constricts Carrying Capacity
106(3)
4.3.2 Aspiring the White-Collar: A Climatic Push?
109(3)
4.3.3 `Human' Tragedies and Tribulations
112(4)
4.4 Conclusion: Surreal Risks and Real Losses
116(11)
4.4.1 When Man Meets Risks Daily
116(1)
4.4.2 Subjectivities and Social Framing of Risks
117(2)
4.4.3 Governmentality of Risk Mitigation
119(1)
4.4.4 Post-normal Pragmatism for Sustainability
120(1)
References
121(6)
5 Discursive Dissonance in Socioecological Theatre
127(54)
5.1 `Hungry Tides', Human Sacrifices and Hopes: The Local Discourse
128(20)
5.1.1 Existential Narratives
134(3)
5.1.2 Age of Migration?
137(6)
5.1.3 Aspiration, Adaptation and Sustainability: Unholy Trinity?
143(3)
5.1.4 A Sundarban in Kolkata? Spatial Extension and Convergence of Unsustainability Between Socioecological Systems
146(2)
5.2 Delinquent Delta, Carbon Sinks and Tiger Territory: Expert Opinions, Conservation Economics and Global Discourse
148(5)
5.3 Government Rationalities, Socioecological Defiance and Complicity
153(19)
5.3.1 Embankments: Maintaining or Messing Up the Fluid Balance?
154(9)
5.3.2 Do Co-benefits Work? Case Study of NREGA
163(6)
5.3.3 Is Ecotourism the Panacea?
169(3)
5.4 Conclusion: Constructivist Hyper-Realities of Mistrust and Pride
172(9)
5.4.1 Discursive Elitism and Custodial Conflicts
172(2)
5.4.2 Willing to Adapt Ignominiously?
174(1)
References
175(6)
6 `Are Comments Free'? Where `Consents Manufacture'
181(36)
6.1 The Discursive Grail: Media Manipulations of the Public Sphere
181(2)
6.2 Moderating Discontents and Selective Omissions: Media Trials of Climate Change
183(3)
6.3 Sundarbans in the Media: `Hierarchy of Needs'
186(1)
6.4 A Human Crisis: Local Language and Local Disasters
187(6)
6.5 Elite's Ecopoetics: Call for Conservation
193(5)
6.5.1 `Tiger Burns Bright': Linking Local Elites with the Global
194(1)
6.5.2 Discursive Shift: When Pride Turns Prejudice
194(3)
6.5.3 Between the Technologically Tangible and Ideologically Invisible
197(1)
6.6 Lost in Translation or Speaking Different Languages?
198(2)
6.7 Actors and Their Appeals: Sound Bites on the Sundarbans
200(8)
6.7.1 The Resident
201(3)
6.7.2 The Rural Romantic
204(1)
6.7.3 The Custodian
205(3)
6.8 Conclusion: Discursive Hegemony for Neo-colonising Ecologies?
208(9)
References
210(7)
Part III Joining the Isles
7 For the `Comfortably Numb': Conclusion
217(17)
7.1 Perplexing `Breadth' of Entanglements
218(2)
7.2 Rejecting Adaptation to Confront Sustainability?
220(3)
7.2.1 Intergenerational Justice: Delayed or Denied?
220(1)
7.2.2 Institutional Justice: An Oxymoron?
221(2)
7.3 Post-colonialising Political Ecology for Sustainable Development
223(3)
7.3.1 Importance of Local, Humanistic Epistemologies
223(1)
7.3.2 A Tightrope Walk: Ethical and Moral Rationalisations
224(1)
7.3.3 The Subaltern Sustainability
225(1)
7.4 People's Research, Social Learning and Technoscience Assistance: Tripartite Co-production of Knowledge
226(3)
7.4.1 Everyday Disasters and Unmaking of Man
227(1)
7.4.2 From Scientific and Bounded to Social and Spatially Realigned
228(1)
7.4.3 Discursive Localisation: From Anglophone to Proximal
229(1)
7.5 Trajectories of Transformation
229(5)
7.6 Contributions to Methodology
234(1)
References 234(5)
Postscript 239(2)
Index 241
Aditya Ghosh graduated with a PhD from the University of Heidelberg and has studied at the University of Sussex, University of Calcutta, University of Mumbai, and the University of Lincoln. Aditya specializes in sustainable development, climate change and socio-ecological systems.