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E-grāmata: Swedish: An Essential Grammar

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, (Freelance translator, UK)
  • Formāts: 234 pages
  • Sērija : Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Jan-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317194194
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Swedish: An Essential GrammarPalielināt
  • Formāts: 234 pages
  • Sērija : Routledge Essential Grammars
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Jan-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Routledge
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781317194194
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This fully revised third edition of Swedish: An Essential Grammar incorporates changes proposed to Swedish grammar by Svenska Akademiens grammatik. Examples have been fully updated and the bibliography has been expanded.

Swedish: An Essential Grammar

provides a fresh and accessible description of the language. Explanations are free of jargon and emphasis has been placed on areas of Swedish that pose a particular challenge for English-speaking learners.

The book offers:

• a clear, accessible format;

• authentic examples of language use, taken from a range of media;

• clear, jargon-free explanations of grammar.

Suitable for independent study or for class-based tuition, Swedish: An Essential Grammar continues to be an invaluable source to all learners looking to improve their knowledge of Swedish grammar.

Preface xiii
Symbols and abbreviations used in the text xvi
Introduction 1(3)
0.1 Some advice for the beginner
1(1)
0.2 Similarities between Swedish and English
2(2)
0.2.1 Vocabulary
2(1)
0.2.2 Grammar
2(2)
Chapter 1 Pronunciation
4(16)
1.1 Vowels
4(6)
1.1.1 Stressed vowels and their pronunciation
4(2)
1.1.2 Pronunciation of unstressed vowels
6(1)
1.1.3 Vowel length
7(2)
1.1.4 Syllable length
9(1)
1.2 Consonants and consonant groups
10(10)
1.2.1 s, z, c, sc
10(1)
1.2.2 j, gj, dj, hj, lj
11(1)
1.2.3 r, t, 1, x, w
12(1)
1.2.4 g, k, sk
12(2)
1.2.5 ng, gn, kn, ran
14(1)
1.2.6 rs, rd, rt, rn, rl
15(1)
1.2.7 Omitting -d, -g, -t, -k, -1
15(2)
1.2.8 Omitting -e
17(1)
1.2.9 Voiced consonants pronounced unvoiced before-s,-t
17(1)
1.2.10 Complete assimilation of-t-
18(1)
1.2.11 Written and spoken forms of some common words
18(1)
1.2.12 Assimilation
19(1)
Chapter 2 Stress and accent
20(7)
2.1 Sentence stress
20(2)
2.2 Word stress
22(1)
2.3 Accent
23(1)
2.4 Functions of accent 1 and accent 2
23(1)
2.5 Rules for accent 1 and accent 2
24(3)
Chapter 3 Nouns
27(19)
3.1 Gender and noun type
27(3)
3.1.1 Gender
27(1)
3.1.2 Gender rules
28(1)
3.1.3 Types of noun
29(1)
3.2 Indefinite declension
30(3)
3.2.1 Indefinite forms
30(1)
3.2.2 Plurals
30(1)
3.2.3 Plurals -- predictability
31(1)
3.2.4 Rules for predicting plural forms
31(2)
3.3 Plural forms
33(5)
3.3.1 Plurals in -or (first declension)
33(1)
3.3.2 Plurals in -ar (second declension)
33(1)
3.3.3 Plurals in -er (third declension)
34(1)
3.3.4 Plurals in -r (fourth declension)
35(1)
3.3.5 Plurals in -n (fifth declension)
35(1)
3.3.6 Zero plurals (no plural ending, sixth declension)
36(1)
3.3.7 Plurals in -s (seventh declension)
37(1)
3.3.8 Collective nouns
37(1)
3.3.9 Nouns with no plural form or no singular form
38(1)
3.4 Differences in number between Swedish and English
38(1)
3.4.1 Differences in number
38(1)
3.5 Definite declension
39(2)
3.5.1 Forms with end article singular
39(1)
3.5.2 Forms with end article plural
40(1)
3.6 Article use
41(3)
3.6.1 End article in Swedish, no article in English
41(1)
3.6.2 End article in Swedish, indefinite article in English
41(1)
3.6.3 No article in Swedish, definite article in English
42(1)
3.6.4 No article in Swedish, indefinite article in English
42(1)
3.6.5 End article in Swedish, possessive pronoun in English
43(1)
3.6.6 Article use with demonstrative pronouns
43(1)
3.6.7 No article after the possessive
44(1)
3.7 Genitives
44(2)
3.7.1 The genitive
44(2)
Chapter 4 Adjectives
46(21)
4.1 Adjectives in outline
46(1)
4.2 Indefinite declension
47(5)
4.2.1 Indefinite forms -- regular
47(1)
4.2.2 Indefinite forms -- variations
47(2)
4.2.3 Indeclinable adjectives
49(2)
4.2.4 Indefinite constructions
51(1)
4.2.5 Agreement and lack of agreement
51(1)
4.3 Definite declension
52(6)
4.3.1 Definite form of the adjective: -e or -a?
52(1)
4.3.2 Definite construction Type 1 -- den nya bilen
53(1)
4.3.3 Definite construction Type 2 --- firmans nya bil
54(1)
4.3.4 Definite construction Type 3 -- svenska spraket
55(2)
4.3.5 Definite construction Type 4 -- forsta klass
57(1)
4.3.6 Definite constructions -- summary chart
57(1)
4.4 Adjectival nouns and nationality words
58(3)
4.4.1 Adjectival nouns
58(2)
4.4.2 Nationality words
60(1)
4.5 Comparison of adjectives
61(6)
4.5.1 Comparison with -are, -ast
61(1)
4.5.2 Comparison with -re, -st
62(1)
4.5.3 Irregular comparison
62(1)
4.5.4 Comparison with mer, mest
63(1)
4.5.5 Comparison -- indefinite and definite with -are, -ast
64(1)
4.5.6 Use of comparatives and superlatives
65(2)
Chapter 5 Pronouns
67(16)
5.1 Personal and reflexive pronouns -- form
67(1)
5.2 Use of personal pronouns
68(1)
5.3 Reflexive pronouns
69(1)
5.4 Sjalv
70(1)
5.5 Possessive pronouns
71(1)
5.6 Non-reflexive and reflexive possessives: hans or sin?
72(3)
5.6.1 Non-reflexive forms
72(1)
5.6.2 Reflexive forms
73(1)
5.6.3 Some special uses of sin, sitt, sina
74(1)
5.7 Forms of address
75(1)
5.8 Demonstrative pronouns
75(2)
5.9 Determinative pronouns
77(1)
5.10 Relative pronouns
77(2)
5.11 Interrogative pronouns
79(1)
5.12 Indefinite pronouns
80(3)
Chapter 6 Numerals
83(5)
6.1 Cardinal and ordinal numbers
83(1)
6.2 Use of cardinal and ordinal numbers
84(1)
6.3 Other numerical expressions
85(2)
6.4 Clock time
87(1)
Chapter 7 Verbs
88(39)
7.1 Verb forms in outline
88(1)
7.2 The four conjugations
89(9)
7.2.1 First conjugation
89(1)
7.2.2 Irregular verbs of the first conjugation
90(1)
7.2.3 Second conjugation
90(2)
7.2.4 Irregular verbs of the second conjugation
92(1)
7.2.5 Third conjugation
92(1)
7.2.6 Irregular verbs of the third conjugation
93(1)
7.2.7 Fourth conjugation: introduction
93(1)
7.2.8 Fourth conjugation: gradation series i-e-i
94(1)
7.2.9 Fourth conjugation: gradation series y/(j)u -Q-u
95(1)
7.2.10 Fourth conjugation: gradation series i-a-u
96(1)
7.2.11 Fourth conjugation: gradation series a -- o -- a
97(1)
7.2.12 Fourth conjugation: gradation series a -- a - u
97(1)
7.2.13 Fourth conjugation: minor gradation series (mixed)
97(1)
7.3 Form and function
98(1)
7.4 The infinitive
98(3)
7.4.1 Infinitive -- verbal use
98(1)
7.4.2 Infinitive -- nominal use
99(1)
7.4.3 Use of the infinitive in English and Swedish
100(1)
7.4.4 Translating `-ing' forms
101(1)
7.5 Present tense
101(1)
7.6 Past tense
102(1)
7.7 Perfect tense
103(1)
7.8 Pluperfect tense
104(1)
7.9 Future tense
105(1)
7.10 Participles and supine
106(2)
7.10.1 Supine and past participle forms
106(1)
7.10.2 Use of the supine and past participle
106(1)
7.10.3 Present participle
107(1)
7.11 Mood and modal verbs
108(3)
7.11.1 Use of modal verbs
109(1)
7.11.2 Subjunctive
110(1)
7.11.3 Imperative
110(1)
7.12 Transitive, intransitive and reflexive verbs
111(2)
7.12.1 Transitive and intransitive verbs
111(1)
7.12.2 Reflexive verbs
112(1)
7.13 S forms
113(4)
7.13.1 Uses of-s forms
113(1)
7.13.2 Passive
114(3)
7.14 Translating verbs
117(5)
7.14.1 Some problems in translating English verbs
117(4)
7.14.2 Translating the English verb `to be'
121(1)
7.15 Compound verbs
122(5)
7.15.1 Inseparable and separable compound verbs
123(2)
7.15.2 Stylistic and semantic differences between separable and inseparable compounds
125(1)
7.15.3 Modal auxiliaries and particles with no main verb
125(1)
7.15.4 Particles without verbs
126(1)
Chapter 8 Adverbs
127(9)
8.1 Forms of adverbs
127(2)
8.2 Use of adverbs
129(1)
8.3 Adverbs indicating location and motion
130(2)
8.4 Some problematic adverbs
132(2)
8.5 Discourse particles
134(2)
Chapter 9 Interjections
136(2)
9.1 Interjections
136(2)
Chapter 10 Prepositions
138(18)
10.1 Prepositions -- introduction
138(1)
10.2 The most common Swedish prepositions
139(9)
10.2.1 Av
141(1)
10.2.2 Fran
142(1)
10.2.3 For
142(1)
10.2.4 I
143(1)
10.2.5 Med
144(1)
10.2.6 Om
145(1)
10.2.7 Pa
145(1)
10.2.8 Till
146(1)
10.2.9 Under
147(1)
10.2.10 Vid
148(1)
10.3 Translating prepositions
148(8)
10.3.1 Some common English prepositions and their Swedish equivalents
148(1)
10.3.2 Translating `in, on, at', etc. in expressions of time
149(3)
10.3.3 Prepositions in expressions of time -- summary
152(1)
10.3.4 Translating `in, on, at' in expressions of place
153(1)
10.3.5 Translating'of
154(2)
Chapter 11 Conjunctions
156(5)
11.1 Coordinating conjunctions
156(1)
11.2 Subordinating conjunctions
157(1)
11.3 Other subordinators
158(1)
11.4 Some problematic conjunctions
159(2)
Chapter 12 Word order and sentence structure
161(24)
12.1 Word classes and sentence elements
161(1)
12.2 Simplified introduction: Four basic rules
161(1)
12.3 Sentence types
162(2)
12.4 Main clause structure
164(1)
12.5 Link position
165(1)
12.6 Extra positions
165(1)
12.7 Main clause positions (sentence elements)
166(8)
12.7.1 Subject and formal subject
166(1)
12.7.2 Finite verb
166(1)
12.7.3 Non-finite verb
167(1)
12.7.4 Clausal adverbial
167(1)
12.7.5 Other adverbials
168(1)
12.7.6 Objects and complements
169(1)
12.7.7 Verb particle
170(1)
12.7.8 Passive agent
170(1)
12.7.9 Main clause structure -- extended positional scheme with examples
171(3)
12.8 Moving elements within the main clause
174(6)
12.8.1 Topicalization
174(1)
12.8.2 Weight principle
175(2)
12.8.3 Adverbial shift
177(1)
12.8.4 Unstressed objects
177(1)
12.8.5 Position of inte
178(1)
12.8.6 Passive transformation
178(1)
12.8.7 Existential sentence
179(1)
12.8.8 Cleft sentence
180(1)
12.9 Subordinate clauses
180(5)
12.9.1 Subordinate clause as an element in the main clause sentence
180(2)
12.9.2 Subordinate clause structure
182(1)
12.9.3 Three types of subordinate clause with main clause structure
183(2)
Chapter 13 Word formation
185(5)
13.1 Compounding
185(2)
13.2 Affixation
187(1)
13.2.1 Prefixes
187(1)
13.2.2 Suffixes
188(1)
13.3 Abbreviation
188(2)
Chapter 14 Orthography
190(3)
14.1 Upper-case or lower-case letters?
190(1)
14.2 Spelling of words ending in -m, -n
191(2)
Chapter 15 Punctuation
193(4)
15.1 Comma
193(1)
15.2 Full stop
194(1)
15.3 Colon
194(1)
15.4 Exclamation mark
195(1)
15.5 Apostrophe
195(1)
15.6 Direct speech conventions
195(1)
15.7 Hyphen
196(1)
Chapter 16 Written and spoken Swedish
197(4)
16.1 Words frequently omitted in spoken Swedish
197(1)
16.2 Words and constructions frequently found in spoken Swedish
197(2)
16.3 Words usually found only in written Swedish
199(2)
Linguistic terms 201(7)
A note on Finland-Swedish 208(2)
Short bibliography 210(2)
Index 212
Ian Hinchliffe, a former lecturer in Swedish, is a freelance translator, copywriter and founder member of the Swedish Association of Professional Translators.

Philip Holmes, Reader Emeritus in Scandinavian Studies at the University of Hull, UK, was for many years also a freelance language editor and translator.
Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām Biežāk uzdotie jautājumi par e-grāmatām
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