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xv | |
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1 Introduction to tailor-made biopolymers in drug delivery applications |
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1 | (32) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Biopolymers from plant and animal kingdom |
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2 | (12) |
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2 | (8) |
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10 | (4) |
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14 | (1) |
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1.3 Chemical modifications of biopolymers |
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14 | (5) |
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1.3.1 Modification approaches of polysaccharides |
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14 | (4) |
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1.3.2 Modification approaches of polypeptides |
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18 | (1) |
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1.4 Tailor-made biopolymers as pharmaceutical excipients |
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19 | (5) |
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24 | (9) |
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24 | (9) |
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Section 1 Modified biopolymers |
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33 | (168) |
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2 Thiolated biopolymers in drug delivery and biomedical applications |
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35 | (18) |
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Custodiana A. Colmenarez Lobo |
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35 | (1) |
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2.2 Thiolated biopolymers in drug delivery applications |
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36 | (8) |
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2.3 Thiolated biopolymers in biomedical applications |
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44 | (5) |
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2.3.1 Medicinal applications |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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2.3.3 Regenerative medicine |
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45 | (4) |
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2.4 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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49 | (4) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (4) |
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3 Smart biopolymers for controlled drug delivery applications |
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53 | (32) |
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53 | (2) |
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3.2 Different types of smart biopolymers |
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55 | (19) |
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3.2.1 Thermosensitive smart polymers |
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55 | (2) |
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3.2.2 Ph-sensitive smart polymers |
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57 | (4) |
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3.2.3 Light-sensitive smart polymers |
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61 | (3) |
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3.2.4 Phase-sensitive smart polymers |
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64 | (3) |
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3.2.5 Bioresponsive smart polymers |
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67 | (7) |
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74 | (11) |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (11) |
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4 Alginate-based systems for protein and peptide delivery |
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85 | (30) |
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85 | (1) |
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4.2 Alginate: sources, physicochemical and biological properties |
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86 | (3) |
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4.2.1 Sources of alginates |
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86 | (1) |
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4.2.2 Physicochemical properties |
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87 | (1) |
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4.2.3 Biological properties |
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88 | (1) |
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4.3 Modifications of alginate for protein and peptide delivery |
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89 | (3) |
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4.3.1 Covalent chemical modifications |
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89 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Polyelectrolyte complexes |
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89 | (3) |
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4.4 Alginate-based systems for protein and peptide delivery |
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92 | (14) |
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4.4.1 Model protein delivery |
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92 | (3) |
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95 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Angiogenic factor delivery |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (4) |
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4.4.5 Bone morphogenetic protein delivery |
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102 | (4) |
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106 | (9) |
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106 | (9) |
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5 Chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes in biomedical applications |
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115 | (40) |
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115 | (1) |
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5.2 Polyelectrolyte complexes |
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116 | (3) |
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5.2.1 Mechanism of polyelectrolyte complexes formation |
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116 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Preparation of PECs and factors influencing the formation and stability of PECs |
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117 | (2) |
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5.3 Applications of chitosan-based polyelectrolyte complexes |
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119 | (27) |
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119 | (7) |
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126 | (17) |
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143 | (3) |
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146 | (9) |
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146 | (9) |
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6 Tailor-made cyclodextrin-based nanomaterials as drug carriers |
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155 | (46) |
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155 | (13) |
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156 | (1) |
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6.1.2 Source of cyclodextrins |
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156 | (2) |
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6.1.3 Types and structure of cyclodextrins |
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158 | (1) |
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6.1.4 Properties of cyclodextrins |
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159 | (4) |
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6.1.5 Inclusion complex formation |
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163 | (5) |
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6.2 Modification of cyclodextrins |
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168 | (3) |
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6.2.1 Principle and chemistry of cyclodextrin modification |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Characterization of modified cyclodextrins |
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170 | (1) |
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6.3 Cyclodextrin-based nanomaterials |
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171 | (14) |
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6.3.1 Preparation of nanomaterials from cyclodextrins and applications |
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172 | (1) |
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6.3.2 Different cyclodextrin-based nanomaterials |
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173 | (12) |
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6.4 Pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of tailor-made CD-based nanomaterials |
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185 | (3) |
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6.5 Conclusion and future prospects |
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188 | (13) |
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188 | (13) |
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Section 2 Biopolymeric conjugates/composites |
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201 | (148) |
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7 Biopolymer--metal oxide composites in biomedical applications |
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203 | (50) |
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203 | (2) |
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7.2 Applications of biopolymer--metal oxide composites |
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205 | (33) |
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205 | (5) |
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7.2.2 Anticancer, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activities |
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210 | (11) |
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7.2.3 Wound healing and tissue engineering |
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221 | (3) |
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7.2.4 Biosensors, bioimaging, and diagnostics |
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224 | (14) |
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238 | (15) |
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239 | (14) |
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8 Biopolymer-drug conjugates as biomaterials |
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253 | (32) |
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253 | (2) |
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8.2 Biopolymer--drug conjugates |
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255 | (19) |
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8.2.1 Polysaccharide-drug conjugates |
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255 | (16) |
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8.2.2 Polypeptide--drug conjugates |
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271 | (3) |
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274 | (11) |
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274 | (11) |
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9 Functionalized biopolymer--clay-based composites as drug-cargos |
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285 | (28) |
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285 | (1) |
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9.2 Structure and properties of clays |
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286 | (2) |
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9.3 Biopolymer--clay intercalations |
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288 | (3) |
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9.4 Properties of biopolymer--clay-based composites as drug-delivery systems |
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291 | (1) |
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9.4.1 Improvement of clay properties |
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291 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Improvement of polymer properties |
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291 | (1) |
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9.5 Biopolymer--clay-based composites as drug-delivery systems |
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292 | (14) |
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9.5.1 Animal-derived polysaccharide--clay composites |
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292 | (5) |
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9.5.2 Algae-derived polysaccharide--clay composites |
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297 | (2) |
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9.5.3 Plant-derived polysaccharide-clay composites |
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299 | (1) |
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9.5.4 Natural protein--clay composites |
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300 | (3) |
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9.5.5 Biopolymer blend--clay composites |
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303 | (3) |
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306 | (7) |
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306 | (7) |
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10 Mesoporous silica-biopolymer-based systems in drug delivery applications |
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313 | (36) |
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313 | (1) |
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10.2 Classification of MSNs, their structures and properties |
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314 | (4) |
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10.2.1 Two-dimensional mesostructures |
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315 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Three-dimensional mesostructures |
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315 | (1) |
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10.2.3 Classification of mesoporous silica nanoparticles as drug carriers |
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316 | (2) |
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10.3 Different synthesis techniques of mesoporous silica nanoparticles |
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318 | (3) |
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10.3.1 Hydrofhermal synthesis |
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318 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Aerosol-assisted synthesis |
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318 | (1) |
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10.3.3 Modified Stober's synthesis |
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319 | (1) |
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10.3.4 Template-assisted synthesis |
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319 | (1) |
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10.3.5 Microwave synthesis |
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320 | (1) |
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10.3.6 Chemical etching synthesis |
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321 | (1) |
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10.4 Functionalization of mesoporous silica nanoparticles using synthetic polymers/biopolymers |
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321 | (3) |
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10.4.1 Functionalization techniques |
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322 | (2) |
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10.5 Different biopolymer-MSN systems in drug delivery applications |
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324 | (7) |
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10.5.1 Drug delivery for cancer treatment |
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325 | (2) |
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10.5.2 Drug delivery for other disease treatment |
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327 | (2) |
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329 | (1) |
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10.5.4 Drug delivery and bioimaging |
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330 | (1) |
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10.6 Stability and degradation profiles |
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331 | (1) |
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10.7 Biocompatibility, pharmacology, and toxicological profiles |
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332 | (2) |
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10.8 Conclusion, challenges, and future prospects |
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334 | (15) |
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334 | (1) |
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334 | (15) |
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Section 3 Modified biopolymer based biomaterials |
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349 | (184) |
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11 Micellar drug-delivery systems based on amphiphilic block and graft polysaccharides |
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351 | (32) |
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351 | (1) |
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11.2 Micellization and drug-loading methods |
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352 | (1) |
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11.3 Characterization techniques of drug-free and drug-loaded micellar systems |
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353 | (1) |
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11.4 Polysaccharide-based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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354 | (21) |
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11.4.1 Chitosan-based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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354 | (5) |
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11.4.2 Cellulose-based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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359 | (3) |
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11.4.3 Dextran-based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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362 | (4) |
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11.4.4 Starch-based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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366 | (2) |
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11.4.5 Alginate-based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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368 | (1) |
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11.4.6 Hyaluronic acid--based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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369 | (4) |
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11.4.7 Miscellaneous polysaccharide-based micellar drug-delivery systems |
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373 | (2) |
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11.5 Conclusions and perspectives |
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375 | (8) |
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375 | (8) |
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12 Engineering of biopolymer-based nanofibers for medical uses |
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383 | (42) |
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383 | (5) |
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388 | (5) |
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393 | (11) |
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12.3.1 Drug delivery to the skin |
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393 | (6) |
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12.3.2 Mucosal drug delivery |
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399 | (1) |
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12.3.3 Controlled and sustained drug delivery |
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400 | (4) |
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404 | (4) |
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408 | (3) |
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12.6 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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411 | (14) |
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412 | (12) |
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424 | (1) |
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13 Engineered protein and protein-polysaccharide cages for drug delivery and therapeutic applications |
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425 | (38) |
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425 | (1) |
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426 | (1) |
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13.3 Protein cages: engineering and therapeutic applications |
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427 | (17) |
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13.3.1 Natural protein cages/scaffolds |
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430 | (4) |
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13.3.2 Engineered protein cages |
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434 | (7) |
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13.3.3 Therapeutic applications of protein cages |
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441 | (3) |
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13.4 Protein-polysaccharide cages: engineering and therapeutic applications |
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444 | (9) |
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13.4.1 Electrostatic precipitation complexes/cages |
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444 | (6) |
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13.4.2 Chemical reaction-mediated complexes/cages |
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450 | (2) |
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13.4.3 Electrospun nanohybrid--mediated complexes/cages |
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452 | (1) |
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13.4.4 Posttranslational modification--aided protein-polysaccharide block copolymer complexes/cages |
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452 | (1) |
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13.5 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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453 | (10) |
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455 | (8) |
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14 Biopolymeric hydrogels prepared via click chemistry as carriers of therapeutic modalities |
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463 | (38) |
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463 | (2) |
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14.2 Properties of biopolymeric hydrogels |
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465 | (2) |
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14.2.1 Swelling and solubility |
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465 | (1) |
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14.2.2 Porosity and permeation |
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466 | (1) |
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466 | (1) |
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14.3 Chemically cross-linked hydrogels |
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467 | (12) |
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14.3.1 Cross-linking by free-radical polymerization |
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468 | (1) |
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14.3.2 Cross-linking by click chemistry |
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468 | (11) |
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14.4 Applications of biopolymeric click hydrogels in drug delivery |
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479 | (8) |
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14.5 Conclusion and future prospects |
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487 | (14) |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (7) |
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15 Biopolymeric nanocrystals in drug delivery and biomedical applications |
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501 | (32) |
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501 | (2) |
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15.2 Generalized synthesis methods for biopolymeric nanocrystals |
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503 | (3) |
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15.2.1 Mineral acid hydrolysis |
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503 | (1) |
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15.2.2 Enzymatic hydrolysis |
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504 | (1) |
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15.2.3 Co-precipitation method |
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505 | (1) |
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15.3 Biopolymeric nanocrystals and their drug delivery and biomedical applications |
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506 | (16) |
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15.3.1 Biopolymeric nanocrystals |
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506 | (7) |
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15.3.2 Reinforcement of biopolymeric nanocrystals with biopolymers and vice versa |
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513 | (5) |
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15.3.3 Biopolymers-assisted drug nanocrystals |
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518 | (4) |
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15.4 Conclusion and future prospects |
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522 | (11) |
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522 | (11) |
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Section 4 Biopolymeric systems in biomedical applications |
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533 | (203) |
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16 Functionalized biopolymers for colon-targeted drug delivery |
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535 | (36) |
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Syed Muhammad Farid Hasan |
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535 | (3) |
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16.2 Biopolymeric systems as colon-targeted drug carriers |
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538 | (21) |
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16.2.1 Plant-derived polysaccharides |
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538 | (9) |
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16.2.2 Animal-derived polysaccharides |
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547 | (4) |
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16.2.3 Algae-and microbial-derived polysaccharides |
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551 | (4) |
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16.2.4 Plant-and animal-derived polypeptides |
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555 | (4) |
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559 | (12) |
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559 | (12) |
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17 Modified biopolymer-based systems for drug delivery to the brain |
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571 | (42) |
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571 | (2) |
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17.2 BBB and other common hurdles in brain drug delivery |
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573 | (1) |
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17.3 Brain drug delivery by invasive methods |
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574 | (2) |
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17.4 Brain drug delivery by the noninvasive methods |
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576 | (6) |
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17.4.1 Chemical modification |
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576 | (1) |
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576 | (1) |
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577 | (1) |
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17.4.4 Extracellular vesicles |
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577 | (1) |
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578 | (1) |
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17.4.6 Photodynamic effect |
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579 | (1) |
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17.4.7 Extracorporeal Shockwave |
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580 | (1) |
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17.4.8 Laser-activated perfluorocarbon nanodroplets |
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580 | (1) |
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580 | (2) |
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17.5 Biopolymer-based systems for targeted drug delivery to the brain |
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582 | (14) |
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17.5.1 Plant-derived polysaccharides |
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582 | (3) |
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17.5.2 Animal-derived polysaccharides |
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585 | (5) |
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17.5.3 Algae-derived and microbial polysaccharides |
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590 | (3) |
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593 | (3) |
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17.6 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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596 | (17) |
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598 | (1) |
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598 | (15) |
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18 Modified biopolymer-based chronotherapeutic drug-delivery systems |
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613 | (22) |
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613 | (1) |
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18.1.1 Clinical relevance of chronotherapeutic drug-delivery systems |
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613 | (1) |
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18.2 Concepts and terminologies used in chronotherapeutics |
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614 | (1) |
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18.2.1 Period, level, amplitude, and phase |
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614 | (1) |
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18.3 Common disease states under chronotherapy |
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615 | (2) |
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18.3.1 Cardiovascular disease |
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615 | (1) |
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616 | (1) |
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616 | (1) |
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616 | (1) |
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617 | (1) |
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617 | (1) |
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18.4 Drug-delivery strategies as chronopharmaceuticals |
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617 | (1) |
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18.4.1 Chronotherapeutics |
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617 | (1) |
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18.4.2 Ideal characteristics of chronotherapeutic drug-delivery systems |
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618 | (1) |
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18.4.3 Different techniques used to develop chronopharmaceuticals |
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618 | (1) |
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18.5 Biopolymer-based drug-delivery strategies as chronopharmaceuticals |
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618 | (12) |
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622 | (1) |
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18.5.2 Reservoir system based on swellable/erodible natural polymers |
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623 | (4) |
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18.5.3 Low-density floating microparticulate system based on biopolymer |
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627 | (1) |
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18.5.4 Modified natural polymers as chronopharmaceuticals |
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628 | (1) |
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18.5.5 Pulsatile release from capsular system based on biopolymeric plug |
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629 | (1) |
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630 | (5) |
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630 | (5) |
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19 Biopolymeric systems for the delivery of nucleic acids |
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635 | (28) |
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635 | (1) |
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19.2 Types of nucleic acids used in gene therapy |
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636 | (1) |
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19.3 Biopolymers used in gene delivery |
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637 | (15) |
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637 | (13) |
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650 | (2) |
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652 | (11) |
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653 | (10) |
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20 Stimuli-responsive biopolymeric systems for drug delivery to cancer cells |
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663 | (42) |
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663 | (4) |
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20.2 Stimuli-responsive biopolymeric systems |
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667 | (21) |
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20.2.1 Ultrasound responsive |
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667 | (2) |
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20.2.2 Temperature responsive |
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669 | (4) |
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673 | (2) |
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675 | (3) |
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20.2.5 Enzymatic responsive |
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678 | (3) |
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20.2.6 Magnetic responsive |
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681 | (2) |
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683 | (2) |
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20.2.8 Hypoxia responsive |
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685 | (3) |
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688 | (17) |
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688 | (17) |
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21 Biopolymeric systems for diagnostic applications |
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705 | (18) |
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705 | (1) |
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21.2 Biopolymers used for various diseases |
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706 | (12) |
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706 | (7) |
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713 | (2) |
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715 | (1) |
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21.2.4 Autoimmune hemolytic anemia |
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716 | (1) |
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21.2.5 Blood sample stabilization |
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717 | (1) |
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718 | (5) |
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718 | (5) |
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22 Functionalized biopolymer-based drug delivery systems: current status and future perspectives |
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723 | (13) |
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723 | (1) |
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724 | (11) |
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22.2.1 Introduction to tailor-made biopolymers in drug delivery applications |
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724 | (1) |
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22.2.2 Modified biopolymers |
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725 | (3) |
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22.2.3 Biopolymeric conjugates/composites |
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728 | (2) |
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22.2.4 Modified biopolymer-based biomaterials |
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730 | (2) |
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22.2.5 Biopolymeric systems in biomedical applications |
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732 | (3) |
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22.3 Conclusions and future perspectives |
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735 | (1) |
Acknowledgment |
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736 | (1) |
References |
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736 | (11) |
Index |
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747 | |