| Volume One |
|
|
|
|
v | |
|
|
|
xix | |
|
|
|
xxi | |
|
Clinical methods: an historical perspective |
|
|
xxiii | |
|
|
|
xxv | |
|
Section 1 The General Principles Of History Taking And Physical Examination |
|
|
1 | (58) |
|
Chapter 1 The general principles of history taking |
|
|
3 | (19) |
|
|
|
3 | (1) |
|
Bedside manner and establishing rapport |
|
|
3 | (2) |
|
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
|
|
6 | (1) |
|
Presenting (principal) symptom |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
History of the presenting illness |
|
|
7 | (5) |
|
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
|
8 | (4) |
|
The effect of the illness |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
Drug and treatment history |
|
|
12 | (2) |
|
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Additional history for the female patient |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Upbringing and education level |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Marital or stable relationship status, social support and living conditions |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
Analgesics and street drugs |
|
|
18 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
19 | (1) |
|
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Chapter 2 Taking the history: advanced history taking |
|
|
22 | (17) |
|
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
The differential diagnosis |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
Fundamental considerations when taking the history |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
|
23 | (5) |
|
|
|
24 | (3) |
|
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
Cross-cultural history taking |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
The 'uncooperative' or 'difficult' patient |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
Self-harming and Miinchhausen syndrome |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
History taking for the maintenance of good health |
|
|
30 | (2) |
|
|
|
32 | (2) |
|
Activities of daily living |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
|
|
33 | (1) |
|
Specific problems in the elderly |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Advance care planning (advance health directives) |
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
|
|
34 | (1) |
|
Evidence-based history taking and differential diagnosis |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
Concluding the consultation |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
|
|
37 | (2) |
|
Chapter 3 The general principles of physical examination |
|
|
39 | (20) |
|
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
|
41 | (6) |
|
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
Weight, body habitus and posture |
|
|
47 | (1) |
|
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
|
50 | (1) |
|
|
|
51 | (1) |
|
|
|
52 | (1) |
|
Preparing the patient for examination |
|
|
53 | (1) |
|
Advanced concepts: evidence-based clinical examination |
|
|
53 | (4) |
|
Inter-observer agreement (reliability) and the K-statistic |
|
|
55 | (2) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Section 2 The Cardiovascular System |
|
|
59 | (106) |
|
Chapter 4 The cardiovascular history |
|
|
61 | (16) |
|
|
|
61 | (9) |
|
|
|
61 | (5) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
Syncope, presyncope and dizziness |
|
|
67 | (3) |
|
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Intermittent claudication and peripheral vascular disease |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
Risk factors for coronary artery disease |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Drug and treatment history |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
OSCE example - CVS history |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - CVS history |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
Chapter 5 The cardiac examination |
|
|
77 | (36) |
|
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
|
|
79 | (3) |
|
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
|
|
84 | (3) |
|
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Radiofemoral and radial-radial delay |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
Condition of the vessel wall |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
|
87 | (5) |
|
Measuring the blood pressure with the sphygmomanometer |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
Variations in blood pressure |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
Automated clinic blood pressure measurement |
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
91 | (1) |
|
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
|
|
95 | (15) |
|
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
Abnormalities of the heart sounds |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
|
104 | (5) |
|
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
OSCE example - CVS examination |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - CVS examination |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
Chapter 6 The limb examination and peripheral vascular disease |
|
|
113 | (10) |
|
|
|
113 | (4) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
|
113 | (4) |
|
Peripheral vascular disease |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
|
119 | (2) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
OSCE example - peripheral vascular disease |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
Chapter 7 Correlation of physical signs disease and cardiovascular disease |
|
|
123 | (26) |
|
|
|
123 | (2) |
|
Left ventricular failure (LVF) |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Right ventricular failure (RVF) |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
Myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
|
|
126 | (2) |
|
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
Chronic constrictive pericarditis |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
Causes of systemic hypertension |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Complications of hypertension |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Malignant (accelerated) hypertension |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
Causes of pulmonary hypertension |
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
|
|
130 | (1) |
|
Valve diseases of the left heart |
|
|
130 | (9) |
|
|
|
130 | (2) |
|
Mitral regurgitation (chronic) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
Acute mitral regurgitation |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
Mitral valve prolapse (MVP, systolic-click murmur syndrome) |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
|
|
135 | (4) |
|
Valve diseases of the right heart |
|
|
139 | (2) |
|
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
Pulmonary stenosis (in adults) |
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
|
141 | (1) |
|
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
|
|
141 | (2) |
|
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Restrictive cardiomyopathy |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
Acyanotic congenital heart disease |
|
|
143 | (3) |
|
Ventricular septal defect |
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
|
143 | (2) |
|
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
Cyanotic congenital heart disease |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
Eisenmenger syndrome (pulmonary hypertension and a right-to-left shunt) |
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
|
|
146 | (1) |
|
'Grown-up' congenital heart disease |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
Transposition of the great arteries |
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
|
|
147 | (1) |
|
OSCE example - cardiovascular examination |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - cardiovascular examination |
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
|
|
148 | (1) |
|
Chapter 8 A summary of the cardiovascular examination and extending the cardiovascular examination |
|
|
149 | (16) |
|
Extending the cardiovascular physical examination |
|
|
151 | (12) |
|
The chest X-ray: a systematic approach |
|
|
151 | (4) |
|
|
|
155 | (8) |
|
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
Section 3 The Respiratory System |
|
|
165 | (56) |
|
Chapter 9 The respiratory history |
|
|
167 | (11) |
|
|
|
167 | (5) |
|
|
|
167 | (2) |
|
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
Breathlessness (dyspnoea) |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Other presenting symptoms |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
|
|
173 | (2) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
175 | (1) |
|
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the respiratory history |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Chapter 10 The respiratory examination |
|
|
178 | (17) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
|
178 | (4) |
|
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Characteristic signs of COPD |
|
|
179 | (1) |
|
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Flapping tremor (asterixis) |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
|
184 | (8) |
|
|
|
184 | (2) |
|
|
|
186 | (3) |
|
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
|
189 | (3) |
|
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
Respiratory rate on exercise |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the respiratory examination |
|
|
193 | (1) |
|
|
|
193 | (2) |
|
Chapter 11 Correlation of physical signs and respiratory disease |
|
|
195 | (12) |
|
Respiratory distress: respiratory failure |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Consolidation (lobar pneumonia) |
|
|
195 | (2) |
|
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
|
|
196 | (1) |
|
Causes of community-acquired pneumonia |
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
197 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
198 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) |
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
|
|
200 | (1) |
|
Causes of generalised emphysema |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) |
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
201 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Respiratory and chest signs |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Apical (Pancoast's) tumour |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
Non-metastatic extrapulmonary manifestations |
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
204 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - respiratory disease |
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
|
|
206 | (1) |
|
Chapter 12 A summary of the respiratory examination and extending the respiratory examination |
|
|
207 | (14) |
|
Extending the respiratory physical examination |
|
|
209 | (10) |
|
Bedside assessment of lung function |
|
|
209 | (3) |
|
The chest X-ray and computed tomography (CT) scan in respiratory medicine |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
|
212 | (7) |
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - respiratory investigations |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
|
219 | (2) |
|
Section 4 The Gastrointestinal System |
|
|
221 | (84) |
|
Chapter 13 The gastrointestinal history |
|
|
223 | (12) |
|
|
|
223 | (9) |
|
|
|
223 | (1) |
|
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Appetite and weight change |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Early satiation and postprandial fullness |
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
|
|
224 | (1) |
|
Heartburn and acid regurgitation (gastro- oesophageal reflux disease-GORD) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
|
226 | (2) |
|
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
Abdominal bloating and swelling |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
|
232 | (1) |
|
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
|
|
233 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the gastrointestinal history |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Chapter 14 The gastrointestinal examination |
|
|
235 | (44) |
|
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
236 | (5) |
|
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
|
|
237 | (4) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
241 | (1) |
|
|
|
242 | (1) |
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
|
244 | (5) |
|
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
|
|
250 | (17) |
|
|
|
250 | (4) |
|
|
|
254 | (10) |
|
|
|
264 | (1) |
|
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
|
267 | (4) |
|
|
|
268 | (1) |
|
|
|
268 | (2) |
|
|
|
270 | (1) |
|
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
|
271 | (4) |
|
The pelvic floor-special tests for pelvic floor dysfunction |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
Testing of the stools for blood |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Examination of the gastrointestinal contents |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
|
276 | (2) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the gastrointestinal examination |
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
|
|
278 | (1) |
|
Chapter 15 Correlation of physical signs and gastrointestinal disease |
|
|
279 | (11) |
|
Examination of the acute abdomen |
|
|
279 | (1) |
|
|
|
280 | (1) |
|
Acute abdomen after blunt trauma |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Gastrointestinal bleeding |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Assessing degree of blood loss |
|
|
283 | (1) |
|
Determining the possible bleeding site |
|
|
284 | (1) |
|
Inflammatory bowel disease |
|
|
284 | (4) |
|
|
|
284 | (2) |
|
|
|
286 | (2) |
|
Malabsorption and nutritional status |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
Classification of malabsorption |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
|
|
289 | (1) |
|
Chapter 16 A summary of the gastrointestinal examination and extending the gastrointestinal examination |
|
|
290 | (15) |
|
Extending the gastrointestinal examination |
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
|
|
292 | (2) |
|
|
|
294 | (1) |
|
Imaging the gastrointestinal system |
|
|
294 | (9) |
|
|
|
294 | (2) |
|
|
|
296 | (3) |
|
|
|
299 | (4) |
|
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
|
|
303 | (2) |
|
Section 5 The Genitourinary System |
|
|
305 | (34) |
|
Chapter 17 The genitourinary history |
|
|
307 | (9) |
|
|
|
307 | (7) |
|
Change in appearance of the urine |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
|
|
308 | (2) |
|
|
|
310 | (1) |
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
|
312 | (2) |
|
Menstrual and sexual history |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - genitourinary history |
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
|
|
315 | (1) |
|
Chapter 18 The genitourinary examination |
|
|
316 | (12) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
|
318 | (2) |
|
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
The abdominal examination |
|
|
320 | (2) |
|
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
Rectal and pelvic examination |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
|
323 | (1) |
|
|
|
323 | (2) |
|
Differential diagnosis of a scrotal mass |
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
|
|
325 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - genitourinary examination |
|
|
326 | (1) |
|
|
|
327 | (1) |
|
Chapter 19 A summary of the examination of chronic kidney disease and extending the genitourinary examination |
|
|
328 | (11) |
|
Extending the genitourinary examination |
|
|
330 | (7) |
|
|
|
330 | (7) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (1) |
|
|
|
337 | (2) |
|
Section 6 The Haematological System |
|
|
339 | (36) |
|
Chapter 20 The haematological history |
|
|
341 | (6) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (4) |
|
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
342 | (3) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
Treatment history to ask about |
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
|
|
346 | (1) |
|
Chapter 21 The haematological examination |
|
|
347 | (15) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (1) |
|
|
|
347 | (4) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
Cervical and supraclavicular nodes |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
The abdominal examination |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
|
355 | (4) |
|
|
|
359 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
360 | (1) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
Chapter 22 A summary of the haematological examination and extending the haematological examination |
|
|
362 | (13) |
|
Extending the haematological physical examination |
|
|
364 | (10) |
|
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Examination of the peripheral blood film |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
|
|
364 | (4) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
368 | (1) |
|
|
|
369 | (1) |
|
Myeloproliferative disease |
|
|
369 | (2) |
|
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (2) |
|
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the haematological system |
|
|
374 | (1) |
|
Section 7 The Rheumatological System |
|
|
375 | (80) |
|
Chapter 23 The rheumatological history |
|
|
377 | (8) |
|
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
|
|
377 | (2) |
|
|
|
379 | (3) |
|
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
382 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
|
|
383 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the rheumatological history |
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
|
|
384 | (1) |
|
Chapter 24 The rheumatological examination |
|
|
385 | (41) |
|
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
|
|
385 | (2) |
|
Principles of joint examination |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
|
|
387 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
388 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
Assessment of individual joints |
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
389 | (1) |
|
|
|
390 | (34) |
|
|
|
398 | (1) |
|
|
|
399 | (5) |
|
|
|
404 | (1) |
|
|
|
404 | (4) |
|
Thoracolumbar spine and sacroiliac joints |
|
|
408 | (3) |
|
|
|
411 | (4) |
|
|
|
415 | (5) |
|
|
|
420 | (4) |
|
|
|
424 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the rheumatological examination |
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
|
|
425 | (1) |
|
Chapter 25 Correlation of physical signs with rheumatological and musculoskeletal disease |
|
|
426 | (20) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
|
|
428 | (1) |
|
Seronegative spondyloarthritides |
|
|
428 | (2) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
429 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Calcium pyrophosphate arthritis (pseudogout) |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Calcium hydroxyapatite arthritis |
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
|
|
431 | (1) |
|
Systemic lupus erythematosus |
|
|
432 | (2) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
432 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
433 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
|
|
434 | (1) |
|
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma and CREST) |
|
|
434 | (4) |
|
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Urinalysis and blood pressure |
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
Mixed connective tissue disease (MCTD) |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
Examining the patient with suspected rheumatic fever |
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (1) |
|
|
|
439 | (3) |
|
|
|
439 | (2) |
|
Elbow epicondylitis (tennis and golfer's elbow) |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
Tenosynovitis of the wrist |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Nerve entrapment syndromes |
|
|
442 | (3) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
444 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - rheumatological disease |
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
|
|
445 | (1) |
|
Chapter 26 A summary of the rheumatological examination and extending the rheumatological examination |
|
|
446 | (9) |
|
Extending the rheumatological system examination |
|
|
447 | (6) |
|
Rheumatology investigations |
|
|
447 | (1) |
|
|
|
448 | (5) |
|
|
|
453 | (1) |
|
|
|
453 | (2) |
|
Section 8 The Endocrine System |
|
|
455 | (52) |
|
Chapter 27 The endocrine history |
|
|
457 | (6) |
|
|
|
457 | (4) |
|
Changes in appetite and weight |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
Changes in hair distribution |
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (1) |
|
Changes in the skin and nails |
|
|
459 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Erectile dysfunction (impotence) |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Risk factors for diabetes (metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
Past history and treatment |
|
|
461 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the endocrine history |
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
|
|
462 | (1) |
|
Chapter 28 The endocrine examination |
|
|
463 | (19) |
|
|
|
463 | (9) |
|
|
|
463 | (4) |
|
Hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis) |
|
|
467 | (3) |
|
Hypothyroidism (myxoedema) |
|
|
470 | (2) |
|
|
|
472 | (5) |
|
|
|
472 | (1) |
|
|
|
473 | (2) |
|
|
|
475 | (2) |
|
Other pituitary syndromes |
|
|
477 | (1) |
|
|
|
477 | (4) |
|
|
|
477 | (3) |
|
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the endocrine examination |
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
|
|
481 | (1) |
|
Chapter 29 Correlation of physical signs and endocrine disease |
|
|
482 | (17) |
|
|
|
482 | (6) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
Primary hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
488 | (1) |
|
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
|
|
489 | (1) |
|
Osteoporosis and osteomalacia |
|
|
490 | (3) |
|
Syndromes associated with short stature |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Down's syndrome (Trisomy 21) |
|
|
493 | (1) |
|
Achondroplasia (dwarfism) |
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
494 | (1) |
|
|
|
495 | (1) |
|
|
|
496 | (2) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - endocrine system |
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
|
|
498 | (1) |
|
Chapter 30 A summary of the endocrine examination and extending the endocrine examination |
|
|
499 | (8) |
|
The endocrine examination: a suggested method |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Extending the endocrine physical examination |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
|
|
499 | (6) |
|
|
|
505 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - endocrine system |
|
|
505 | (2) |
|
Section 9 The Nervous System |
|
|
507 | (132) |
|
Chapter 31 The neurological history |
|
|
509 | (11) |
|
|
|
509 | (1) |
|
|
|
509 | (5) |
|
|
|
510 | (2) |
|
|
|
512 | (2) |
|
|
|
514 | (3) |
|
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
Visual disturbances and deafness |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Disturbed sensation or weakness in the limbs |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Tremor and involuntary movements |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (1) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the neurological history |
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
|
|
519 | (1) |
|
Chapter 32 The neurological examination: general signs and the cranial nerves |
|
|
520 | (39) |
|
A preamble regarding the neurological examination |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
522 | (23) |
|
The first (olfactory) nerve |
|
|
522 | (1) |
|
|
|
523 | (7) |
|
The third (oculomotor), fourth (trochlear) and sixth (abducens) nerves-the ocular nerves |
|
|
530 | (11) |
|
The fifth (trigeminal) nerve |
|
|
541 | (4) |
|
|
|
545 | (13) |
|
The seventh (facial) nerve |
|
|
545 | (4) |
|
The eighth (vestibulocochlear) nerve |
|
|
549 | (2) |
|
The ninth (glossopharyngeal) and tenth (vagus) nerves |
|
|
551 | (2) |
|
The eleventh (accessory) nerve |
|
|
553 | (1) |
|
The twelfth (hypoglossal) nerve |
|
|
554 | (2) |
|
Multiple cranial nerve lesions |
|
|
556 | (1) |
|
|
|
557 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
|
|
558 | (1) |
|
Chapter 33 The neurological examination: speech and higher centres |
|
|
559 | (8) |
|
|
|
559 | (3) |
|
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (4) |
|
|
|
562 | (2) |
|
|
|
564 | (1) |
|
|
|
565 | (1) |
|
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - speech and higher centres |
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
|
|
566 | (1) |
|
Chapter 34 The neurological examination: the peripheral nervous system |
|
|
567 | (34) |
|
|
|
567 | (33) |
|
|
|
567 | (1) |
|
|
|
568 | (1) |
|
General examination approach |
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
569 | (1) |
|
|
|
569 | (16) |
|
|
|
585 | (12) |
|
|
|
597 | (3) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the peripheral nervous system |
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Chapter 35 Correlation of physical signs and neurological syndromes and disease |
|
|
601 | (26) |
|
Upper motor neurone lesions |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
Causes of hemiplegia (upper motor neurone lesion) |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
Lower motor neurone lesions |
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute inflammatory polyradiculoneuropathy) |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
|
|
605 | (1) |
|
Thickened peripheral nerves |
|
|
606 | (1) |
|
|
|
606 | (3) |
|
Important spinal cord syndromes |
|
|
609 | (2) |
|
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
Subacute combined degeneration of the cord (vitamin B12 deficiency) |
|
|
609 | (1) |
|
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
Syringomyelia (a central cavity in the spinal cord) |
|
|
610 | (1) |
|
An extensor plantar response plus absent knee and ankle jerks |
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
611 | (1) |
|
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (3) |
|
|
|
618 | (3) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
618 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
619 | (1) |
|
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
Causes of Parkinson's syndrome |
|
|
620 | (1) |
|
Other extrapyramidal movement disorders (dyskinesia) |
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
|
|
621 | (1) |
|
Tics and de la Tourette's syndrome |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
622 | (3) |
|
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - neurological syndromes and disorders |
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
Chapter 36 A summary of the neurological examination and extending the neurological examination |
|
|
627 | (12) |
|
Extending the neurological examination |
|
|
630 | (3) |
|
Handedness, orientation and speech |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Neck stiffness and Kernig's sign |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (4) |
|
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
|
|
633 | (4) |
|
|
|
637 | (2) |
| Volume Two |
|
|
Section 10 Paediatric And Neonatal History And Examination |
|
|
639 | (122) |
|
Chapter 37 The paediatric history and examination |
|
|
641 | (78) |
|
Principles of paediatric history taking and examination |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
Paediatric history taking |
|
|
641 | (2) |
|
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
General physical examination |
|
|
643 | (56) |
|
Preparing for the examination |
|
|
643 | (2) |
|
|
|
645 | (54) |
|
Adolescent history and examination |
|
|
699 | (14) |
|
Tanner staging and pubertal assessment |
|
|
699 | (8) |
|
Psychological development of adolescents |
|
|
707 | (6) |
|
Physical examination for suspected child abuse |
|
|
713 | (3) |
|
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the paediatric history and examination |
|
|
716 | (1) |
|
|
|
717 | (2) |
|
Chapter 38 The neonatal history and examination |
|
|
719 | (42) |
|
|
|
719 | (3) |
|
|
|
719 | (1) |
|
|
|
720 | (1) |
|
History of the pregnancy, labour and delivery |
|
|
720 | (2) |
|
|
|
722 | (36) |
|
Preparing for the physical examination |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
|
724 | (7) |
|
|
|
731 | (27) |
|
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the neonatal history and examination |
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
|
759 | (2) |
|
Section 11 Women's Health History And Examination |
|
|
761 | (42) |
|
Chapter 39 The obstetric history and examination |
|
|
763 | (15) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
|
763 | (1) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Minor symptoms in pregnancy |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
Heartburn and acid regurgitation |
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
764 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Major symptoms in pregnancy |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
Change in fetal movements |
|
|
765 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (1) |
|
|
|
766 | (5) |
|
Current pregnancy history |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
Past gynaecological history |
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
|
|
768 | (1) |
|
|
|
769 | (1) |
|
|
|
770 | (1) |
|
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
|
771 | (6) |
|
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
|
771 | (1) |
|
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
The abdomen: mother and fetal findings |
|
|
772 | (1) |
|
|
|
773 | (2) |
|
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
Obstetric ultrasound: a systematic approach |
|
|
776 | (1) |
|
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the obstetric history and examination |
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
|
|
777 | (1) |
|
Chapter 40 The gynaecological history and examination |
|
|
778 | (19) |
|
|
|
778 | (8) |
|
|
|
778 | (1) |
|
|
|
779 | (5) |
|
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Previous gynaecological history |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
Family and social history |
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
|
|
786 | (10) |
|
Examination of the abdomen |
|
|
786 | (1) |
|
|
|
786 | (9) |
|
|
|
795 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the gynaecological history and examination |
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
Chapter 41 The breasts: history and examination |
|
|
797 | (6) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
797 | (1) |
|
|
|
798 | (2) |
|
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Evaluation of a breast lump |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the breasts |
|
|
801 | (1) |
|
|
|
801 | (2) |
|
Section 12 Specialty System History And Examination |
|
|
803 | (74) |
|
Chapter 42 The eyes, ears, nose and throat |
|
|
805 | (28) |
|
|
|
805 | (4) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
|
|
806 | (3) |
|
|
|
809 | (1) |
|
|
|
810 | (6) |
|
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
|
|
812 | (2) |
|
Red eye: iritis, keratitis and scleritis |
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
|
|
814 | (1) |
|
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
|
|
815 | (1) |
|
|
|
816 | (6) |
|
|
|
816 | (1) |
|
|
|
817 | (2) |
|
|
|
819 | (3) |
|
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
|
822 | (3) |
|
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
|
823 | (1) |
|
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
|
824 | (1) |
|
|
|
825 | (4) |
|
|
|
825 | (1) |
|
|
|
826 | (1) |
|
|
|
826 | (2) |
|
|
|
828 | (1) |
|
Supraglottitis (epiglottitis) |
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
|
829 | (1) |
|
|
|
830 | (1) |
|
|
|
831 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - eyes, ears, nose and throat |
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
|
|
832 | (1) |
|
Chapter 43 The skin and lumps |
|
|
833 | (28) |
|
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
General principles of physical examination of the skin |
|
|
835 | (3) |
|
How to approach the clinical diagnosis of a lump |
|
|
838 | (2) |
|
Correlation of physical signs and skin disease |
|
|
840 | (18) |
|
|
|
840 | (1) |
|
Erythrosquamous eruptions |
|
|
841 | (2) |
|
|
|
843 | (4) |
|
|
|
847 | (1) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
Pustular and crusted lesions |
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
Cellulitis and erysipelas |
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
Folliculitis, furuncles and carbuncles |
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (2) |
|
Hyperpigmentation, hypopigmentation and depigmentation |
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
|
|
854 | (2) |
|
|
|
856 | (2) |
|
|
|
858 | (1) |
|
|
|
859 | (1) |
|
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
|
|
860 | (1) |
|
Chapter 44 The older person assessment |
|
|
861 | (8) |
|
History taking in older persons: special considerations |
|
|
861 | (4) |
|
Physical examination in older persons: special considerations |
|
|
865 | (3) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - assessment of the geriatric patient |
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
|
|
868 | (1) |
|
Chapter 45 Approaching infectious diseases |
|
|
869 | (8) |
|
Pyrexia of unknown origin |
|
|
869 | (2) |
|
|
|
870 | (1) |
|
|
|
870 | (1) |
|
Clinical scenarios for unexplained fever |
|
|
871 | (1) |
|
|
|
871 | (4) |
|
|
|
872 | (1) |
|
|
|
873 | (2) |
|
|
|
875 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - infectious diseases |
|
|
876 | (1) |
|
|
|
876 | (1) |
|
Section 13 Mental Health History And Examination |
|
|
877 | (22) |
|
Chapter 46 The mental health history and mental state examination |
|
|
879 | (20) |
|
|
|
879 | (1) |
|
|
|
880 | (8) |
|
|
|
880 | (1) |
|
History of the presenting illness |
|
|
880 | (5) |
|
Past history and treatment history |
|
|
885 | (2) |
|
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
Social and personal history |
|
|
887 | (1) |
|
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
The mental state examination |
|
|
888 | (1) |
|
|
|
888 | (5) |
|
Examples of important psychiatric illnesses |
|
|
893 | (4) |
|
Disorders that lead to physical illness |
|
|
893 | (1) |
|
|
|
894 | (1) |
|
|
|
895 | (1) |
|
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) |
|
|
896 | (1) |
|
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
OSCE revision topics - the psychiatric history and the mental state examination |
|
|
897 | (1) |
|
|
|
897 | (2) |
|
Section 14 Acute Care And End Of Life |
|
|
899 | (14) |
|
Chapter 47 The acutely ill patient |
|
|
901 | (6) |
|
|
|
901 | (1) |
|
|
|
901 | (1) |
|
|
|
901 | (1) |
|
|
|
902 | (4) |
|
OSCE example - emergency care |
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
|
|
906 | (1) |
|
Chapter 48 The pre-anaesthetic medical evaluation (PAME) |
|
|
907 | (2) |
|
|
|
907 | (1) |
|
|
|
907 | (1) |
|
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
|
|
908 | (1) |
|
Chapter 49 Assessment of death |
|
|
909 | (4) |
|
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
Examining a suspected death |
|
|
909 | (1) |
|
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
Completing the death certificate |
|
|
910 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (1) |
|
|
|
911 | (2) |
|
Section 15 Adult History Taking And Examination In The Wards And Clinics |
|
|
913 | |
|
Chapter 50 Writing and presenting the adult history and physical examination |
|
|
915 | (6) |
|
|
|
915 | (1) |
|
Physical examination (PE) |
|
|
916 | (1) |
|
|
|
916 | (1) |
|
|
|
916 | (1) |
|
|
|
916 | (1) |
|
|
|
916 | (4) |
|
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
Chapter 51 A suggested method for a rapid screening adult physical examination |
|
|
921 | |
|
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
|
|
921 | (1) |
|
Back of the chest and neck |
|
|
921 | (4) |
|
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
Completing the examination |
|
|
925 | |
|
|
|
I-1 | |
