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ix | |
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List of methods and strategies |
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x | |
Authors |
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xii | |
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1 Introduction: what will you find in this book? |
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1 | (15) |
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The purposes of action research |
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6 | (2) |
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Getting started: learning to be a researcher by doing research |
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8 | (1) |
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Quick start guide in nine steps |
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9 | (4) |
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Features that distinguish action research as presented in this book |
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13 | (1) |
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The contents of the book and how it might be used |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (2) |
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2 The research journal: companion to the research process |
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16 | (30) |
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The role of journals in research |
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17 | (3) |
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Some suggestions for writing research journals |
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20 | (7) |
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Memos and in-depth reflection |
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27 | (2) |
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An example taken from a research journal |
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29 | (9) |
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38 | (7) |
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45 | (1) |
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3 Collaborating with others |
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46 | (18) |
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Collaborating with your critical friend |
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48 | (1) |
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Collaborating with research participants |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (13) |
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63 | (1) |
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4 Finding and clarifying a starting point for your own research |
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64 | (50) |
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What do we mean by starting points for research? |
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64 | (3) |
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Features of starting points |
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67 | (1) |
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Sources for starting points |
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68 | (2) |
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Issues for action research |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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Your personal search for a starting point could be facilitated by the following exercises |
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73 | (3) |
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Approaches to choosing a starting point |
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76 | (4) |
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Clarifying the starting point of research |
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80 | (2) |
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From the "first impression" |
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82 | (4) |
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Clarifying the starting point through reconnaissance |
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86 | (5) |
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Clarifying the starting point by introducing changes in existing situations |
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91 | (1) |
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Clarifying the starting point through the elaboration of practical theories |
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91 | (8) |
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Holistic and analytic perspectives |
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99 | (1) |
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Methods for clarifying the starting point |
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100 | (4) |
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104 | (9) |
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113 | (1) |
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5 Developing a research plan and collecting data |
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114 | (68) |
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114 | (6) |
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120 | (1) |
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Observing and documenting situations |
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121 | (11) |
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Audio recording observations |
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132 | (6) |
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138 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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140 | (2) |
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The action researcher as detective |
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142 | (2) |
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Advantages and disadvantages of using existing data |
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144 | (2) |
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146 | (8) |
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154 | (1) |
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Some suggestions for earning how to interview |
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154 | (3) |
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Sample interviews for different practice situations |
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157 | (2) |
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Sources of misinformation in interviews |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
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Suggestions for the design and use of surveys |
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163 | (3) |
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Collecting data as part of daily practice |
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166 | (2) |
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A combined method: triangulation |
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168 | (4) |
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Criteria for guiding the quality of action research |
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172 | (10) |
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182 | (44) |
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182 | (3) |
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Constructive methods of analysis |
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185 | (2) |
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Developing categories and coding data |
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187 | (9) |
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196 | (8) |
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204 | (3) |
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Critical methods of analysis |
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207 | (3) |
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Complex methods of data analysis |
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210 | (2) |
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Stage 1 Identification of patterns |
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212 | (2) |
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Stage 2 Significance of the patterns |
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214 | (1) |
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Stage 3 Effects of the patterns |
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215 | (2) |
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Stage 4 Relationship between the pattern and the practitioner's intentions |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (7) |
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7 Developing action strategies and putting them into practice |
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226 | (29) |
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Practical action as an integral part of research |
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227 | (2) |
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What are action strategies? |
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229 | (4) |
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How can I/we find a variety of suitable action strategies? |
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233 | (4) |
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Group decision making for choosing among alternative action strategies |
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237 | (8) |
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Planning concrete steps to enact my/our action strategy |
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245 | (1) |
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How can I/we check the results of action strategies and record the experiences I/we have gained? |
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246 | (3) |
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Unexpected results from action strategies |
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249 | (6) |
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8 Making practitioners' knowledge public |
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255 | (33) |
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Why is it important to make practitioners' knowledge public? |
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255 | (1) |
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Making practitioner knowledge public for professional reasons |
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256 | (2) |
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Making practitioner knowledge public for personal reasons |
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258 | (1) |
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Making practitioner knowledge public for political reasons |
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259 | (2) |
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Disseminating practitioners' knowledge: to whom, what, and how? |
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261 | (1) |
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Possible audiences for action research |
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261 | (1) |
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Deciding on what you want to say |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (1) |
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Reporting action research |
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263 | (1) |
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Arts-based forms of reporting |
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264 | (2) |
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Oral reports, workshops, and in-service education |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (8) |
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Getting started with writing |
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274 | (2) |
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Toolbox for producing written reports |
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276 | (5) |
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Suggestions for improving technique |
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281 | (1) |
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Learning to be flexible in writing |
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282 | (1) |
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Criteria to use in writing reports |
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283 | (3) |
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Further ideas about writing |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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9 Examples of action research studies published in journals |
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288 | (19) |
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Studies of classroom practice carried out by teacher-researchers |
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289 | (4) |
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Examples of participatory action research |
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293 | (6) |
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299 | (3) |
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Action research for professional development |
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302 | (4) |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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10 Behind the scenes: a theoretical foundation of action research |
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307 | (19) |
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The roots of action research |
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307 | (1) |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (2) |
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Is action research "research"? |
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310 | (2) |
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Action research as educational innovation |
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312 | (1) |
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Varieties of action research |
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313 | (4) |
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Practitioners as members of a profession |
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317 | (1) |
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317 | (5) |
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The iterativity of action research |
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322 | (1) |
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The value orientation of practice |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
References |
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326 | (19) |
Index |
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345 | |