Acknowledgements |
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xiii | |
A Preface |
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xv | |
Glossary |
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xvii | |
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1 Teaching Language Skills in EAP Contexts |
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1 | (6) |
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Four Overarching Assumptions |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (2) |
Section 1 Introduction to Reading |
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7 | (66) |
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2 How Reading Comprehension Works |
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9 | (19) |
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Who Reads and Who Needs to Read? |
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10 | (1) |
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What Do We Read and Why Do We Read? |
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10 | (2) |
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What Is Reading Comprehension? |
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12 | (1) |
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What Skills and Abilities Support Reading Comprehension for Good Readers? |
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13 | (2) |
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How Does Reading Comprehension Work? |
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15 | (3) |
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How Does L2 Reading Differ from L1 Reading? |
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18 | (3) |
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Why Do L2 Reading Abilities Differ So Much from Person to Person? |
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21 | (1) |
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How Fluent Should L2 Readers Become? |
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22 | (1) |
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How Does Reading Behavior Vary When the Goal Is Reading to Learn? |
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22 | (1) |
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How Does Digital Reading Vary from Print Reading? |
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23 | (1) |
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How Does Reading Comprehension Research Inform L2 Reading Pedagogy? |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (2) |
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3 Building an Effective Reading Curriculum: Guiding Principles |
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28 | (20) |
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Principle #1: Asking Students to Read for Well-Defined Purposes, Rather than Simply Asking Students to Read (for No Purpose at All), Should Guide Reading and Re-Reading Tasks |
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29 | (2) |
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Principle #2: Reading a Lot and Reading Often Are Crucial for Reading-Skills Development |
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31 | (1) |
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Principle #3: Reading Requires the Coordination of Numerous Reading Abilities that Should Be Addressed Explicitly Across a Reading Curriculum |
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31 | (1) |
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Principle #4: Teaching (Rather than Testing) for Main-Idea Comprehension Should Be a Standard Component of Classroom Instruction |
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32 | (1) |
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Principle #5: Training Strategic Readers Is More Effective than Teaching Reading Strategies One at a Time |
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33 | (1) |
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Principle #6: Making a Commitment to Vocabulary Teaching and Learning Is Foundational to Students' Reading Success |
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34 | (1) |
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Principle #7: Reading Fluently-at Word and Passage Levels-Is Essential for Efficient Reading Comprehension Abilities |
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34 | (2) |
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Principle #8: Building Students' Motivation to Read Is Essential |
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36 | (1) |
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Principle #9: Connecting Reading to Writing Prepares Students for the Realities of Most Academic Contexts |
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37 | (1) |
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Principle #10: Assessing Students' Reading Progress Is an Essential Part of Teaching, Curriculum Development, and Student Learning |
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38 | (1) |
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Principle #11: Selecting and Adapting Texts Should Be Driven by Students' Proficiency Levels, Current and Future Reading Needs, and Interests |
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39 | (2) |
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Principle #12: Structuring Lessons around a Pre-Reading, During-Reading, and Post-Reading Framework Should Guide Class Planning |
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41 | (1) |
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41 | (2) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (3) |
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4 Reading Instruction and Assessment: Activities and Options |
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48 | (25) |
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Instructional Activities that Improve Students' Reading Abilities |
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48 | (17) |
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Instructional Activities that Integrate Reading and Writing |
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65 | (1) |
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Assessments of and for Learning |
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66 | (2) |
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68 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (3) |
Section 2 Introduction to Writing |
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73 | (50) |
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5 Writing in a Second Language |
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75 | (14) |
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How is L2 Writing Different From L1 Writing? |
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76 | (1) |
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L2 Writers Know More Than One Language |
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77 | (1) |
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L2 Writers Have Varying Experiences and Backgrounds |
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78 | (2) |
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L2 Writers Are Still Acquiring the L2 |
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80 | (1) |
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Contexts and Characteristics of L2 Writing and Writers |
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81 | (5) |
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86 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (2) |
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6 Building a Writing Curriculum and Developing Strategic Writers |
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89 | (17) |
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Approaches to Teaching L1 and L2 Composition |
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89 | (2) |
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Current Trends in L1 Composition |
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91 | (2) |
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Steps for L2 Writing Course Design |
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93 | (4) |
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Developing Strategic Writers |
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97 | (6) |
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103 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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104 | (1) |
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104 | (2) |
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7 Writing Instruction and Assessment: Activities, Feedback, and Options |
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106 | (17) |
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Lesson Design for L2 Writing Courses |
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106 | (5) |
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Response Systems for L2 Writing Courses |
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111 | (7) |
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Assessment Issues for L2 Writing Courses |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
Section 3 Introduction to Listening |
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123 | (58) |
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8 How Listening Comprehension Works |
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125 | (20) |
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What is Listening Comprehension? |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (8) |
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Learner Factors in Listening Success |
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135 | (7) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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143 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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9 Building a Listening Curriculum |
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145 | (18) |
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Teaching and Learning L2 Listening |
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145 | (4) |
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Process-Oriented Listening Instruction |
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149 | (2) |
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Metacognitive Pedagogical Sequence for Listening |
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151 | (1) |
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Process-Based Listening with Reflections and Discussions |
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152 | (2) |
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Task-Based Metacognitive Instruction for Listening |
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154 | (1) |
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Scaffolded Extensive Listening Projects and Assignments |
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155 | (3) |
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Becoming Strategic L2 Listeners |
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158 | (1) |
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Curricular and Instructional Principles for L2 Listening |
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159 | (2) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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10 Listening Instruction and Assessment: Activities and Options |
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163 | (18) |
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Designing Instructional Activities |
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163 | (6) |
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Planning Lessons and Learning Units for Listening |
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169 | (3) |
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Assessment Options for Listening |
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172 | (7) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
Section 4 Introduction to Speaking |
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181 | (76) |
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11 Speaking in a Second Language |
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185 | (16) |
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What's So Special About Speaking? |
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185 | (2) |
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Understanding How Speech Production Works |
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187 | (2) |
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What Role Does Speaking Play in Language Learning? |
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189 | (2) |
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What Role Does Interaction Play? |
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191 | (3) |
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What Role Does Corrective Feedback Play? |
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194 | (2) |
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What Role Does Practice Play? |
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196 | (3) |
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199 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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199 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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12 Building an Effective Speaking Curriculum: Guiding Principles |
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201 | (18) |
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Guideline 1: Use Cooperative Learning Principles to Organize Group Work |
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202 | (1) |
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Guideline 2: Use Principles of Task-Based Language Teaching (TBLT) to Plan Speaking Lessons |
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202 | (2) |
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Guideline 3: Integrate Rather Than Isolate |
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204 | (1) |
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Guideline 4: Look for Intercultural Learning Opportunities |
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205 | (1) |
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Guideline 5: Establish Roles for Students' Own Languages in the Classroom |
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206 | (2) |
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Guideline 6: Utilize Technology |
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208 | (1) |
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Guideline 7: Focus on Learning Opportunities |
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208 | (9) |
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217 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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13 Speaking Instruction and Assessment: Activities and Options |
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219 | (24) |
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Goal 1: Developing Clarity in Spoken Communication |
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220 | (3) |
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Goal 2: Developing Communicative and Conversational Ease |
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223 | (4) |
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Goal 3: Developing Dialogic Reasoning Skills and Negotiating Points of View |
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227 | (5) |
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Goal 4: Developing Formal Speaking Skills |
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232 | (2) |
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Goal 5: Developing Fluency |
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234 | (4) |
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Monitoring and Assessing Speaking |
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238 | (2) |
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240 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Tasks |
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241 | (1) |
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241 | (2) |
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14 Language Skill Development and EAP: A Reflection on Seven Key Themes |
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243 | (14) |
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Theme 1: Incorporating Integrated Skills Teaching |
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244 | (2) |
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Theme 2: Providing Practice |
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246 | (1) |
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Theme 3: Developing Fluency |
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247 | (2) |
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Theme 4: Building a Collaborative Learning Environment |
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249 | (2) |
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Theme 5: Developing the Strategic Language User |
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251 | (1) |
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Theme 6.: Providing Effective Assessment and Feedback |
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252 | (2) |
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Theme 7: Incorporating Technology |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (2) |
Author Biographies |
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257 | (4) |
References |
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261 | (18) |
Index |
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279 | |