Preface |
|
xv | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xix | |
About the Authors |
|
xxi | |
|
1 Our Hope for Multilingual Learners |
|
|
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
Studying Teacher Practice |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
Interacting With Multilingual Learners and Their Families |
|
|
7 | (3) |
|
2 Position Multilingual Learners as Classroom Leaders |
|
|
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
10 | (1) |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Positioning |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
Reflecting on Xiao Li's Experience |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
Reflecting on Nabil Abadi's Experience |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
Reflecting on Jose Lopez's Experience |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
Positioning Students as Experts |
|
|
16 | (4) |
|
Reflecting on Why Positioning Matters |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
Recognizing How Teachers Position Students |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
Positioning Multilingual Learners as Leaders |
|
|
22 | (4) |
|
Strategies for Positioning Multilingual Learners as Leaders |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
Thinking About Positioning in Your Practice |
|
|
26 | (4) |
|
3 Facilitate Multilingual Learners' Participation in Mathematics |
|
|
|
Reflecting on Your Experiences With Participation |
|
|
30 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Student Participation |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Factors That influence the Participation of Multilingual Learners |
|
|
32 | (4) |
|
Examining Teaching Strategies That Influence Participation |
|
|
36 | (3) |
|
Strategies for Facilitating Multilingual Learners' Participation in Mathematics |
|
|
39 | (3) |
|
Thinking About Participation in Your Practice |
|
|
42 | (3) |
|
4 Facilitate Partnerships Between Multilingual Learners and Their Peers |
|
|
|
Solving a Mathematics Problem With a Partner |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Peer-to-Peer interactions with Multilingual Learners |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
Qualities of Partnerships |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
Strategies for Facilitating Partnerships |
|
|
48 | (9) |
|
Thinking About Partnerships in Your Practice |
|
|
57 | (3) |
|
5 Engage Multilingual Learners Through Culturally Relevant Contexts |
|
|
|
Reflecting on the Challenge of Contexts and Culture |
|
|
60 | (3) |
|
What the Research Says About Contexts in Mathematics |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Strategies for Engaging Multilingual Learners Through Culturally Relevant Contexts |
|
|
63 | (6) |
|
Thinking About Contexts in Your Practice |
|
|
69 | (3) |
|
6 Reach Multilingual Learners With Visuals and Gestures |
|
|
|
What the Research Says About Visuals and Gestures |
|
|
72 | (1) |
|
Using Visuals Strategically |
|
|
73 | (5) |
|
Reflecting on Your use of Gestures |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
Using Gestures Strategically |
|
|
78 | (4) |
|
Thinking About Visuals and Gestures in Your Practice |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
Strategies for Using Visuals and Gestures |
|
|
83 | (3) |
|
7 Analyze Mathematical work of Multilingual Learners |
|
|
|
Reflecting on Your Experiences |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Analyzing Multilingual Learners' Mathematical Work |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
Examining Joaquin's Mathematical Work |
|
|
87 | (3) |
|
Analyzing Additional Student Work |
|
|
90 | (3) |
|
Strategies for Discerning Between Mathematical and Language Issues |
|
|
93 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (3) |
|
|
97 | (2) |
|
The Importance of Interviewing Multilingual Learners |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
Thinking About Analyzing Multilingual Learners' Mathematical Work in Your Practice |
|
|
100 | (3) |
|
8 investigate Meanings to Enhance Multilingual Learners' Language Development |
|
|
|
The Importance of Academic Language for Multilingual Learners |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Academic Language |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
Distinguishing Between Multiple Meanings of Language |
|
|
104 | (3) |
|
Introducing Specialized Mathematics Language |
|
|
107 | (8) |
|
Amplified Use of Academic Language |
|
|
115 | (3) |
|
Strategies for Enhancing Multilingual Learners' Language Development |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
Thinking About Academic Language in Your Practice |
|
|
119 | (4) |
|
9 Use Your Discourse Strategically to Enhance Multilingual Learners' Opportunities to Learn |
|
|
|
Reflecting on varieties of English That Influence Discourse |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Discourse |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (10) |
|
Strategies for Promoting Classroom Discourse |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Thinking About Your Discourse in Your Practice |
|
|
136 | (2) |
|
10 Foster a Culture of writing in the Mathematics Classroom |
|
|
|
Reflecting on Your Experiences |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Writing in Mathematics |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
Establishing a Need to Write in Mathematics |
|
|
139 | (3) |
|
Establishing a Culture of Writing |
|
|
142 | (5) |
|
Analyzing Students' Mathematical Writing |
|
|
147 | (5) |
|
Strategies for Fostering a Culture of Writing in Your Mathematics Classroom |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Reflecting on Mathematical Writing in Your Practice |
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
11 Develop writing in Mathematics for Multilingual Learners |
|
|
|
Reflecting on Your Practice |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Mathematical Genres of Writing |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Mathematical Genres |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
Analyzing Students' Mathematical Writing |
|
|
157 | (5) |
|
Identifying Mathematical Writing Genres |
|
|
162 | (2) |
|
Strategies for Developing Writing in Mathematics for Multilingual Learners |
|
|
164 | (2) |
|
Reflecting on Your use of Mathematical Genres in Your Practice |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
12 Enhance Curriculum Materials for Multilingual Learners |
|
|
|
Reflecting on Mathematics Curriculum |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Curriculum Enhancement for Multilingual Learners |
|
|
170 | (2) |
|
Analyzing Curriculum Materials for Multilingual Learners |
|
|
172 | (1) |
|
Research Recommendations for Enacting Mathematics Curriculum |
|
|
173 | (1) |
|
Recognizing Different Mathematical Conventions and Representations |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
Thinking About Mathematical Conventions and Representations in Your Practice |
|
|
176 | (1) |
|
Thinking About Curriculum Enhancement in Your Practice |
|
|
177 | (3) |
|
13 Engage with Parents and Families of Multilingual Learners |
|
|
|
Reflecting on Your Experiences |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
What the Research Says About Multilingual Parent and Family Engagement |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Multicultural Parenting Styles |
|
|
181 | (11) |
|
Reframing Multilingual Parental Engagement |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Strategies for Facilitating Multilingual Family and Parent Engagement in Your Classroom |
|
|
192 | (3) |
|
Reflecting on Family Engagement in Your Practice |
|
|
195 | (1) |
Appendix A Recommended Resources |
|
196 | (3) |
Appendix B Selected Solutions |
|
199 | (2) |
References |
|
201 | (17) |
Index |
|
218 | |