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E-grāmata: Technical Drawing with Engineering Graphics

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Feb-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Peachpit Press Publications
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780138065591
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Technical Drawing with Engineering GraphicsPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 27-Feb-2023
  • Izdevniecība: Peachpit Press Publications
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780138065591
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This full-color text offers a clear, complete introduction and detailed reference for creating 3D models and 2D documentation drawings. Building on its reputation as a trusted reference, this edition expands on the role that 3D CAD databases now play in design and documentation. Superbly integrated illustrations, text, step-by-step instructions, and navigation make it easier than ever to master key skills and knowledge. Throughout, the authors demonstrate 3D and 2D drawing skills and CAD usage in real-world work practice in today's leading disciplines. They combine strong technical detail, real-world examples, and current standards, materials, industries, and processes-all in a format that is efficient, colorful, and visual.
Features:

  • Splash Spread: Appealing chapter opener provides context and motivation.
  • References and Web Links: Useful weblinks and standards provided upfront in each chapter.
  • Understanding Section: Foundational introductions, tabbed for easy navigation, outline each topic's importance, use, visualization tips, and theory.
  • Detail Section: Detailed, well-tested explanations of drawing techniques, variations, and examples-organized into quick-read sections, numbered for easy reference.
  • CAD at Work Section: Breakout pages offer tips on generating drawings from 2D or 3D models.
  • Portfolio Section: Examples of finished drawings show how techniques are applied in the real world.
  • Key Words: Italicized on first reference, summarized after each chapter.
  • Chapter: Summaries and Review Questions: Efficiently reinforce learning.
  • Exercises: Outstanding problem sets with updated exercises, including parts, assembly drawings from CAD models, sketching problems, and orthographic projections.

Chapter One The Worldwide Graphic Language For Design
2(28)
Understanding The Role Of Technical Drawings
4(4)
The Design Process
5(1)
Concurrent Engineering
6(1)
Computer-Aided Design and Product Development
6(1)
Designing Quality into Products
7(1)
The Digital Database
7(1)
1.1 Graphics Tools In Action
8(7)
Design Phase: Problem Identification
8(1)
Design Phase: Ideation
9(1)
Design Phase: Decision Process/Design Selection
9(1)
Design Phase: Refinement
10(1)
Design Phase: Analysis
11(1)
Design Phase: Decision Process/Design Selection
12(1)
Design Phase: Implementation
13(1)
Design Phase: Documentation
14(1)
1.2 Rapid Prototyping
15(1)
1.3 Drafting Standards
16(1)
1.4 Creativity Techniques
16(2)
Examine Manufactured Products
16(1)
Study the Natural World
16(1)
Watch the Web
16(1)
Research Patent Drawings
17(1)
Design Groups
17(1)
1.5 Product Definition
18(1)
1.6 Showing The Design Process In A Portfolio
18(12)
Keywords
20(1)
Chapter Summary
20(1)
Review Questions
20(1)
Chapter Exercises
21(1)
Reverse Engineering Projects
22(1)
Can Opener Project
22(6)
Locking Pliers Project
28(2)
Chapter Two Layouts And Lettering
30(32)
Understanding Projection
32(2)
Types Of Projection
32(2)
Drawing Vocabulary
34(1)
2.1 Alphabet Of Lines
34(2)
2.2 Freehand Lines
36(1)
2.3 Measurement Systems
36(1)
U.S. Customary Units
36(1)
The Metric System
36(1)
2.4 Drawing Scale
37(1)
2.5 Specifying The Scale On A Drawing
37(3)
2.6 Lettering
40(1)
2.7 Lettering Standards
40(1)
2.8 Using Guidelines For Hand Lettering
40(1)
2.9 Vertical And Inclined Letters And Numerals
41(2)
2.10 Fractions
43(1)
2.11 Spacing Of Letters And Words
44(1)
2.12 Lettering For Titles
45(1)
2.13 Drawing Pencils
46(1)
2.14 Templates
47(1)
2.15 Cad Tools
47(2)
2.16 Sketching And Drawing Media
49(1)
2.17 Standard Sheets
49(1)
2.18 Standard Layout Elements
50(2)
Margins And Borders
50(1)
Zones
50(1)
Typical Letter Sizes
50(1)
Title Block
51(1)
2.19 Layouts
52(1)
2.20 Planning Your Drawing Or Sketch
52(10)
Show Details Clearly
52(5)
Keywords
57(1)
Chapter Summary
57(1)
Review Questions
57(1)
Chapter Exercises
58(1)
Drawing Exercises
58(2)
Lettering Exercises
60(2)
Chapter Three Visualization And Sketching
62(62)
Understanding Solid Objects
64(8)
Types Of Solids
64(2)
Understanding Sketching Techniques
66(1)
Analyzing Complex Objects
66(2)
Viewpoint
68(1)
Shading
68(1)
Edges And Vertices
69(1)
Points And Lines
69(1)
Angles
70(1)
Drawings And Sketches
70(1)
Freehand Sketching
71(1)
3.1 Technique Of Lines
72(1)
Lineweights
72(1)
3.2 Sketching Straight Lines
73(2)
Blocking In A Freehand Drawing
73(2)
3.3 Sketching Circles, Arcs, And Ellipses
75(2)
Circles
75(2)
Sketching Arcs
77(1)
Sketching Ellipses
77(1)
3.4 Maintaining Proportions
77(2)
3.5 One-View Drawings
79(1)
3.6 Pictorial Sketching
80(2)
3.7 Projection Methods
82(1)
3.8 Axonometric Projection
82(2)
Axonometric Projections And 3D Models
83(1)
3.9 Isometric Projection
84(1)
Isometric Axes
84(1)
Nonisometric Lines
84(1)
Isometric Scales
84(1)
3.10 Isometric Drawings
85(1)
3.11 Making An Isometric Drawing
86(2)
3.12 Offset Location Measurements
88(1)
Isometric Drawings Of Inclined Surfaces
89(1)
3.13 Hidden Lines And Centerlines
89(1)
3.14 Angles In Isometric
90(1)
3.15 Irregular Objects
91(1)
3.16 Curves In Isometric
91(1)
3.17 True Ellipses In Isometric
92(1)
3.18 Orienting Ellipses In Isometric Drawings
93(2)
3.19 Drawing Isometric Cylinders
95(1)
3.20 Screw Threads In Isometric
95(1)
3.21 Arcs In Isometric
95(1)
3.22 Spheres In Isometric
96(2)
3.23 Oblique Sketches
98(1)
Appearance Of Oblique Drawings
98(1)
Choosing The Front Surface
98(1)
Angle Of Receding Lines
98(1)
3.24 Length Of Receding Lines
99(1)
Cavalier Projection
99(1)
Cabinet Projection
99(1)
3.25 Choice Of Position In Oblique Drawings
100(1)
3.26 Ellipses For Oblique Drawings
100(1)
3.27 Angles In Oblique Projection
101(2)
3.28 Sketching Assemblies
103(1)
3.29 Sketching Perspectives
104(3)
The Three Types Of Perspective
105(2)
Bird's-Eye View Versus Worm's-Eye View
107(1)
3.30 Curves And Circles In Perspective
107(1)
3.31 Shading
108(1)
3.32 Computer Graphics
108(1)
3.33 Drawing On Drawing
109(15)
Keywords
116(1)
Chapter Summary
116(1)
Review Questions
116(1)
Sketching Exercises
117(7)
Chapter Four Geometry For Modeling And Design
124(46)
Coordinates For 3D Cad Modeling
126(8)
Specifying Location
127(3)
Geometric Entities
130(1)
Points
130(1)
Lines
130(1)
Planes
131(1)
Circles
132(1)
Arcs
133(1)
4.1 Manually Bisecting A Line Or Circular Arc
134(1)
4.2 Drawing Tangents To Two Circles
135(1)
4.3 Drawing An Arc Tangent To A Line Or Arc And Through A Point
135(2)
4.4 Bisecting An Angle
137(1)
4.5 Drawing A Line Through A Point And Parallel To A Line
137(1)
4.6 Drawing A Triangle With Sides Given
138(1)
4.7 Drawing A Right Triangle With Hypotenuse And One Side Given
138(1)
4.8 Laying Out An Angle
138(1)
4.9 Drawing An Equilateral Triangle
139(1)
4.10 Polygons
139(1)
4.11 Drawing A Regular Pentagon
140(1)
4.12 Drawing A Hexagon
140(1)
4.13 Ellipses
141(1)
4.14 Spline Curves
142(3)
4.15 Geometric Relationships
145(1)
4.16 Solid Primitives
146(3)
Making Complex Shapes With Boolean Operations
147(2)
4.17 Recognizing Symmetry
149(2)
Right- And Left-Hand Parts
149(1)
Parting-Line Symmetry
150(1)
4.18 Extruded Forms
151(1)
Swept Shapes
151(1)
4.19 Revolved Forms
152(1)
4.20 Irregular Surfaces
152(1)
4.21 User Coordinate Systems
153(1)
4.22 Transformations
154(16)
Geometric Transformations
154(1)
Viewing Transformations
155(6)
Key Words
161(1)
Chapter Summary
161(1)
Skills Summary
161(1)
Review Questions
161(1)
Chapter Exercises
162(8)
Chapter Five Modeling And Design
170(62)
Refinement And Modeling
172(4)
Kinds Of Models
173(1)
Descriptive Models
173(1)
Analytical Models
174(2)
5.1 2D MODELS
176(3)
Paper Drawings
176(1)
2D CAD Models
176(2)
2D Constraint-Based Modeling
178(1)
5.2 3D MODELS
179(3)
Physical Models
179(2)
3D CAD Models
181(1)
5.3 Types of 3D Models
182(9)
Wireframe Models
182(2)
Surface Models
184(6)
Solid Models
190(1)
5.4 Constraint-Based Modeling
191(2)
5.5 Constraints Define The Geometry
193(4)
Feature-Based Modeling
196(1)
5.6 Planning Parts For Design Flexibility
197(2)
5.7 Sketch Constraints
199(6)
Overconstrained Sketches
203(1)
Underconstrained Sketches
203(1)
Applying Constraints
203(1)
Setting the Base Point
204(1)
5.8 The Base Feature
205(7)
Adding Features to the Model
206(1)
Parent-Child Relationships
207(2)
Datum Planes and Surfaces
209(3)
5.9 Editing The Model
212(4)
Standard Features
213(1)
Working with Built-in Features
213(3)
Complex Shapes
216(1)
5.10 Constraint-Based Modeling Modes
216(6)
Assemblies
217(1)
Drawings from the Model
218(4)
5.11 Choosing The Right Modeling Method
222(10)
Key Words
228(1)
Chapter Summary
228(1)
Review Questions
228(1)
Chapter Exercises
229(3)
Chapter Six Orthographic Projection
232(52)
Understanding Projection
234(10)
Views of Objects
234(1)
The Six Standard Views
235(1)
Principal Dimensions
235(1)
Projection Method
236(1)
The Glass Box
236(2)
Spacing between Views
238(1)
Transferring Depth Dimensions
238(1)
Measuring from a Reference Surface
238(1)
Necessary Views
239(1)
Orientation of the Front View
240(1)
First- and Third-Angle Projection
240(1)
Third-Angle Projection
241(1)
Alternative Arrangements for Third-Angle Projection
242(1)
First-Angle Projection
242(1)
Projection System Drawing Symbol
242(1)
Hidden Lines
243(1)
Centerlines
244(1)
6.1 Hidden Line Technique
244(1)
6.2 Precedence Of Lines
244(2)
6.3 Centerlines
246(1)
6.4 Laying Out A Drawing
246(1)
6.5 Developing Views From 3D Models
247(3)
Placing The Views
248(1)
Isometric Views
249(1)
6.6 Visualization
250(1)
Surfaces, Edges, And Corners
250(1)
6.7 Views Of Surfaces
250(1)
6.8 Normal Surfaces
251(1)
6.9 Inclined Surfaces
251(1)
6.10 Oblique Surfaces
251(1)
6.11 Edges
252(1)
6.12 Normal Edges
252(1)
6.13 Inclined Edges
252(1)
6.14 Oblique Edges
252(1)
6.15 Parallel Edges
252(1)
6.16 Angles
253(1)
6.17 Vertices
253(1)
6.18 Interpreting Points
253(1)
6.19 Interpreting Lines
253(1)
6.20 Similar Shapes Of Surfaces
254(1)
6.21 Interpreting Views
254(2)
6.22 Models
256(1)
Rules For Visualizing From A Drawing: Putting It All Together
256(1)
6.23 Projecting A Third View
256(2)
6.24 Becoming A 3D Visualizer
258(26)
Key Words
262(1)
Chapter Summary
262(1)
Review Questions
262(1)
Chapter Exercises
263(21)
Chapter Seven 2D Drawing Representation
284(42)
Practices For 2D Documentation Drawings
286(2)
Common Manufactured Features
286(1)
Conventional Representations
287(1)
Intersections And Tangencies
287(1)
Removed Views
287(1)
7.1 Visualizing And Drawing Complex Cylindrical Shapes
288(1)
7.2 Cylinders When Sliced
289(1)
7.3 Cylinders And Ellipses
290(1)
7.4 Intersections And Tangencies
290(3)
Intersections Of Cylinders
291(2)
7.5 Fillets And Rounds
293(1)
7.6 Runouts
294(1)
7.7 Conventional Edges
295(1)
7.8 Necessary Views
296(1)
7.9 Partial Views
297(2)
Showing Enlarged Details
298(1)
Conventional Breaks
298(1)
7.10 Alignment Of Views
299(1)
7.11 Removed Views
300(1)
7.12 Right-Hand And Left-Hand Parts
301(1)
7.13 Revolution Conventions
302(24)
Common Hole Features Shown In Orthographic Views
303(1)
Common Features Shown In Orthographic Views
304(3)
Key Words
307(1)
Chapter Summary
307(1)
Review Questions
307(1)
Chapter Exercises
308(18)
Chapter Eight Section Views
326(36)
Understanding Sections
328(3)
Sections Of Single Parts
328(1)
Full Sections
328(1)
The Cutting Plane
328(1)
Lines Behind The Cutting Plane
328(3)
8.1 Placement Of Section Views
331(1)
8.2 Labeling Cutting Planes
332(1)
8.3 Line Precedence
332(1)
8.4 Rules For Lines In Section Views
333(1)
8.5 Cutting-Plane Line Style
334(1)
Visualizing Cutting-Plane Direction
334(1)
8.6 Section-Lining Technique
335(2)
Section Lining Large Areas
336(1)
Section-Lining Symbols
336(1)
Section Lining In Cad
337(1)
8.7 Half Sections
337(1)
8.8 Broken Out Sections
338(1)
8.9 Revolved Sections
339(1)
8.10 Removed Sections
340(2)
8.11 Offset Sections
342(1)
8.12 Ribs In Section
343(1)
8.13 Aligned Sections
343(2)
8.14 Partial Views
345(1)
8.15 Intersections In Sections
346(1)
8.16 Conventional Breaks And Sections
346(1)
8.17 Assembly Sections
346(16)
Key Words
350(1)
Chapter Summary
350(1)
Review Questions
350(1)
Chapter Exercises
351(11)
Chapter Nine Auxiliary Views
362(52)
Understanding Auxiliary Views
364(7)
The Auxiliary Plane
364(1)
Primary Auxiliary Views
365(1)
Visualizing An Auxiliary View As A Revolved Drawing
366(1)
Classification Of Auxiliary Views
366(2)
Successive Auxiliary Views
368(1)
Secondary Auxiliary Views
368(1)
Reference Planes
369(2)
9.1 Using Triangles To Sketch Auxiliary Views
371(1)
9.2 Using Grid Paper To Sketch Auxiliary Views
371(2)
9.3 Using Cad To Create Auxiliary Views
373(1)
9.4 Circles And Ellipses In Auxiliary Views
373(1)
9.5 Hidden Lines In Auxiliary Views
373(2)
9.6 Partial Auxiliary Views
375(1)
9.7 Half Auxiliary Views
375(1)
9.8 Reverse Construction
375(1)
9.9 Auxiliary Sections
376(1)
9.10 Viewing-Plane Lines And Arrows
377(1)
9.11 Uses Of Auxiliary Views
378(1)
9.12 True Length Of A Line
378(2)
9.13 Point View Of A Line
380(1)
Showing The Point View Of A Line
380(1)
9.14 Edge View Of A Plane
381(1)
Showing The Edge View Of A Plane
381(1)
9.15 True Size Of An Oblique Surface
382(2)
Showing The True Size And Shape Of An Oblique Surface
382(2)
9.16 Dihedral Angles
384(3)
Understanding Developments And Intersections
385(1)
Surface Terminology
385(1)
Developable Surfaces
386(1)
Principles Of Intersections
386(1)
9.17 Developments
387(3)
Finding The Intersection Of A Plane And A Prism And Developing The Prism
387(2)
Finding The Intersection Of A Plane nd A Cylinder And Developing The Cylinder
389(1)
9.18 Hems And Joints For Sheet Metal And Other Materials
390(1)
9.19 More Examples Of Developments And Intersections
390(3)
Developing A Plane And An Oblique Prism
390(1)
Developing A Plane And An Oblique Cylinder
391(1)
Developing A Plane And A Pyramid
391(1)
Developing A Plane And A Cone
391(1)
Developing A Hood And Flue
392(1)
9.20 Transition Pieces
393(1)
9.21 Triangulation
393(1)
9.22 Developing A Transition Piece Connecting Rectangular Pipes On The Same Axis
394(1)
9.23 Developing A Plane And A Sphere
394(1)
9.24 Revolution
395(1)
Axis Of Revolution
395(1)
Creating A Revolved Drawing
395(1)
9.25 Primary And Successive Revolutions
396(1)
9.26 True Length Of A Line: Revolution Method
396(18)
Keywords
398(1)
Chapter Summary
398(1)
Review Questions
398(1)
Chapter Exercises
399(1)
Design Project
399(1)
Auxiliary View Exercises
399(8)
Revolution Exercises
407(3)
Development Exercises
410(4)
Chapter Ten Modeling For Manufacture And Assembly
414(88)
Design For Manufacture, Assembly, Disassembly, And Service
416(2)
10.1 Assembly Models
418(6)
Constraint-Based Assemblies
419(1)
Choosing The Parent Part
420(1)
Assembly Constraints
421(2)
Managing Assembly Files
423(1)
10.2 Assemblies And Design
424(5)
Layout Drawings
425(1)
Assembling To A Skeleton
425(2)
Global Parameters
427(1)
Seed Parts
428(1)
Constraint-Based Drawing Elements
429(1)
10.3 Assemblies And Simulation
429(1)
10.4 Parts For Assemblies
430(2)
Standard Parts
430(1)
Fastener Libraries
431(1)
10.5 Using Your Model To Check Fits
432(2)
Interference Checking
432(1)
Accessibility Checking
433(1)
10.6 Manufacturing Processes
434(7)
Designing Plastic Parts
434(3)
Cast Parts
437(1)
Modeling Machined Parts
437(1)
Modeling Sheet Metal Parts
438(2)
Other Methods Of Production
440(1)
10.7 Dos And Don'ts Of Practical Design
441(2)
Casting Design
441(1)
Practical Considerations
441(2)
10.8 Manufacturing Materials
443(2)
Material Assignment In Models
444(1)
10.9 Appearance, Service Life, And Recycling
445(1)
10.10 Dimensional Accuracy And Surface Finish
445(1)
10.11 Net-Shape Manufacturing
446(1)
10.12 Computer-Integrated Manufacturing
447(1)
10.13 Shared Manufacturing
448(1)
10.14 Manufacturing Methods And The Drawing
448(3)
10.15 Modeling For Testing And Refinement
451(1)
10.16 Determining Mass Properties
451(5)
Understanding Mass Property Calculations
454(2)
10.17 Exporting Data From The Database
456(4)
File Formats
456(1)
Common Formats For Export
457(2)
Vector Versus Raster Data
459(1)
10.18 Downstream Applications
460(14)
Spreadsheets
460(1)
Equation Solvers
460(3)
Finite Element Analysis
463(5)
Simulation Software
468(2)
Human Factors
470(2)
Integrated Modeling And Design Software
472(2)
10.19 Prototyping Your Design
474(28)
Rapid Prototyping
474(1)
Translating The Model
474(2)
Rapid Prototyping Systems
476(4)
Rapid Tooling
480(6)
Keywords
486(1)
Chapter Summary
487(1)
Skills Summary
487(1)
Review Questions
488(2)
Chapter Exercises
490(10)
Mass Properties Exercises
500(2)
Chapter Eleven Dimensioning
502(44)
Understanding Dimensioning
504(2)
Three Aspects Of Good Dimensioning
505(1)
Tolerance
505(1)
Geometric Breakdown
506(1)
11.1 Lines Used In Dimensioning
506(2)
11.2 Using Dimension And Extension Lines
508(1)
11.3 Arrowheads
508(1)
11.4 Leaders
509(1)
11.5 Drawing Scale And Dimensioning
509(1)
11.6 Direction Of Dimension Values And Notes
510(1)
11.7 Dimension Units
510(1)
11.8 Millimeter Values
510(1)
11.9 Decimal-Inch Values
511(1)
11.10 Rules For Dimension Values
512(1)
11.11 Rules For Rounding Decimal Dimension Values
512(1)
11.12 Dual Dimensioning
512(1)
11.13 Combination Units
513(1)
11.14 Dimensioning Symbols
513(1)
11.15 Placing And Showing Dimensions Legibly
514(2)
Rules For Placing Dimensions Properly
514(2)
11.16 Superfluous Dimensions
516(1)
11.17 Dimensioning Angles
517(1)
11.18 Dimensioning Arcs
517(1)
11.19 Fillets And Rounds
517(1)
11.20 Size Dimensioning: Prisms
518(1)
11.21 Size Dimensioning: Cylinders
518(1)
11.22 Size Dimensioning: Holes
519(1)
11.23 Applying Standard Dimensioning Symbols
520(1)
11.24 Dimensioning Counterbores And Spotfaces With Fillets
521(1)
11.25 Dimensioning Triangular Prisms, Pyramids, And Cones
522(1)
11.26 Dimensioning Curves
522(1)
11.27 Dimensioning Curved Surfaces
523(1)
11.28 Dimensioning Rounded-End Shapes
523(1)
11.29 Dimensioning Threads
524(1)
11.30 Dimensioning Tapers
524(1)
11.31 Dimensioning Chamfers
524(1)
11.32 Shaft Centers
525(1)
11.33 Dimensioning Keyways
525(1)
11.34 Dimensioning Knurls
525(1)
11.35 Finish Marks
526(1)
11.36 Surface Roughness
526(4)
Applications Of Surface Roughness Symbols
527(3)
11.37 Location Dimensions
530(2)
11.38 Mating Dimensions
532(1)
11.39 Coordinate Dimensioning
533(1)
11.40 Tabular Dimensions
534(1)
11.41 Dimensioning For Numerically-Controlled Machining
534(1)
11.42 Machine, Pattern, And Forging Dimensions
535(1)
11.43 Sheet Metal Bends
536(1)
11.44 Notes
536(2)
11.45 Standards
538(1)
11.46 Dos And Don'ts Of Dimensioning
538(8)
Keywords
543(1)
Chapter Summary
543(1)
Review Questions
543(1)
Chapter Exercises
544(2)
Chapter Twelve Tolerancinc
546(46)
Understanding Tolerance
548(8)
Tolerance
548(1)
Quality Control
548(1)
Definitions For Size Designation
548(1)
Variations In Form
549(1)
Tolerance Envelope
549(1)
Implied Right Angles
550(1)
Fits Between Mating Parts
551(2)
Selective Assembly
553(1)
Hole System
554(1)
Shaft System
554(2)
12.1 Specifying Tolerances
556(1)
12.2 General Tolerance Notes
556(1)
12.3 Limit Tolerances
557(1)
Single-Limit Dimensioning
557(1)
12.4 Plus-Or-Minus Tolerances
558(1)
12.5 Tolerance Stacking
559(1)
Chained Or Continuous Dimensioning
559(1)
Baseline Dimensioning
559(1)
12.6 Using American National Standard Limits And Fit Tables
560(1)
12.7 Tolerances And Machining Processes
561(1)
12.8 Metric System Of Tolerances And Fits
562(2)
12.9 Preferred Sizes
564(1)
12.10 Preferred Fits
564(1)
12.11 Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing
565(1)
12.12 Symbols For Tolerances Of Position And Form
566(2)
12.13 Datum Features
568(4)
Datum Features Versus Datum Feature Simulator
569(1)
Datum Reference Frame
569(1)
Datum Targets
570(2)
12.14 Positional Tolerances
572(2)
12.15 Maximum Material Condition
574(1)
Virtual Condition (Vc)
575(1)
12.16 Tolerances Of Angles
575(1)
12.17 Form Tolerances For Single Features
576(2)
12.18 Orientations For Related Features
578(2)
12.19 Using Geometric Dimensioning And Tolerancing
580(1)
12.20 Tolerances And Digital Product Definition
581(1)
12.21 Computer Graphics
582(5)
Key Words
587(1)
Chapter Summary
587(1)
Review Questions
588(1)
Chapter Exercises
588(1)
Design Project
588(1)
Tolerancing Projects
588(4)
Chapter Thirteen Threads, Fasteners, And Springs
592(44)
Understanding Threads And Fasteners
594(10)
Screw Thread Terms
595(1)
Screw Thread Forms
596(1)
Thread Pitch
597(1)
Thread Series
598(1)
Right-Hand And Left-Hand Threads
598(1)
Single And Multiple Threads
599(1)
American National Thread Fits
599(1)
Metric And Unified Thread Fits
600(1)
Three Methods For Drawing Thread
600(4)
13.1 Thread Notes
604(2)
Acme Thread Notes
605(1)
13.2 External Thread Symbols
606(1)
13.3 Internal Thread Symbols
606(2)
13.4 Detailed Representation: Metric, Unified, And American National Threads
608(2)
Detailed Internal Square Thread
608(1)
Detailed External Square Thread
608(2)
13.5 Threads In Assembly
610(1)
13.6 Modeling Thread
610(1)
13.7 American National Standard Pipe Threads
610(2)
13.8 Use Of Phantom Lines
612(1)
13.9 Tapped Holes
612(1)
13.10 Bolts, Studs, And Screws
613(1)
13.11 Standard Bolts And Nuts
614(1)
13.12 Drawing Standard Bolts
615(1)
13.13 Specifications For Bolts And Nuts
615(2)
13.14 Locknuts And Locking Devices
617(1)
13.15 Standard Cap Screws
618(1)
13.16 Standard Machine Screws
619(1)
13.17 Standard Set Screws
620(1)
13.18 American National Standard Wood Screws
621(1)
13.19 Miscellaneous Fasteners
621(1)
13.20 Keys
622(1)
13.21 Machine Pins
622(1)
13.22 Rivets
623(2)
Riveted Joints
623(1)
Rivet Symbols
624(1)
Small Rivets
624(1)
Blind Rivets
624(1)
13.23 Springs
625(1)
Helical Springs
625(1)
13.24 Drawing Helical Springs
626(1)
13.25 Modeling Springs
627(9)
Keywords
631(1)
Chapter Summary
631(1)
Review Questions
631(1)
Chapter Exercises
631(1)
Design Project
631(1)
Thread And Fastener Projects
631(5)
Chapter Fourteen Working Drawings
636(74)
Working Drawings Or Construction Drawings
638(4)
Assembly Drawings
639(1)
Detail Drawings Or Piece Part Drawings
640(2)
14.1 Subassemblies
642(1)
14.2 Identification
642(2)
Multidetail Drawings
643(1)
14.3 Parts Lists
644(1)
14.4 Assembly Sections
645(1)
14.5 Working Drawing Assembly
646(1)
14.6 Installation Assemblies
647(1)
14.7 Check Assemblies
647(1)
14.8 Working Drawing Formats
648(2)
Number Of Details Per Sheet
648(1)
Digital Drawing Transmittal
648(1)
Title And Record Strips
649(1)
14.9 Drawing Numbers
650(1)
14.10 Zoning
650(1)
14.11 Checking Drawings
650(1)
14.12 Drawing Revisions
650(1)
14.13 Simplifying Drawings
651(1)
14.14 Patent Drawings
652(58)
Key Words
657(1)
Chapter Summary
657(1)
Review Questions
657(1)
Chapter Exercises
658(1)
Design Project
658(1)
Working Drawing Exercises
659(51)
Chapter Fifteen Drawing Control And Data Management
710(20)
Documentation And The Design Database
712(1)
15.1 Requirements For Engineering Documentation
713(1)
15.2 Drawing Control Methods
713(2)
Drawing Approval And Release
713(1)
Change Orders
714(1)
Revision Block
714(1)
A Drawing As A Snapshot In Time
715(1)
15.3 Good Practices For Electronic Drawing Storage
715(2)
Storing Electronic Files
715(1)
Organized Directory Structures
715(1)
File Naming Conventions
716(1)
15.4 Drawing Standards
717(1)
15.5 Permission And Ownership
718(1)
15.6 Backing Up Drawing Files
718(1)
15.7 Storage Media
718(1)
15.8 Using The 3D Design Database
In Concurrent Engineering
719(1)
15.9 Quality Management
719(2)
Iso 9000/9001
719(2)
15.10 Product Data Management
721(3)
Organized By Product
721(1)
A Relational Database
722(2)
15.11 Managing Work Flow
724(1)
Archiving Work History
724(1)
Individual Productivity
724(1)
15.12 Data Management And The Web
725(5)
Cad Files On The Web
725(3)
Key Words
728(1)
Chapter Summary
728(1)
Skills Summary
728(1)
Review Questions
728(1)
Chapter Exercises
728(2)
Chapter Sixteen Gears And Cams
730(26)
Understanding Gears
732(2)
Using Gears To Transmit Power
732(1)
Spur Gear Definitions And Formulas
732(2)
16.1 Constructing A Base Circle
734(1)
16.2 The Involute Tooth Shape
734(1)
16.3 Approximate Involute Using Circular Arcs
734(1)
16.4 Spacing Gear Teeth
735(1)
16.5 Rack Teeth
736(1)
16.6 Working Drawings Of Spur Gears
737(1)
16.7 Spur Gear Design
737(1)
16.8 Worm Gears
738(1)
16.9 Working Drawings Of Worm Gears
739(1)
16.10 Bevel Gears
740(1)
16.11 Bevel Gear Definitions And Formulas
740(1)
16.12 Working Drawings Of Bevel Gears
741(2)
16.13 Cams
743(1)
16.14 Displacement Diagrams
744(1)
16.15 Cam Profiles
744(2)
16.16 Offset And Pivoted Cam Followers
746(1)
16.17 Cylindrical Cams
747(1)
16.18 Other Drive Devices
747(9)
Key Words
750(1)
Chapter Summary
750(1)
Review Questions
750(1)
Chapter Exercises
751(1)
Gearing
751(3)
Cams
754(2)
Chapter Seventeen Electronic Diagrams
756(24)
Understanding Electronic Diagrams
758(4)
Standard Symbols
758(1)
Cad Symbol Libraries
758(2)
Types Of Electronic Diagrams
760(2)
17.1 Drawing Size, Format, And Title
762(1)
17.2 Line Conventions And Lettering
762(1)
17.3 Standard Symbols For Electronic Diagrams
762(1)
17.4 Abbreviations
763(1)
17.5 Grouping Parts
763(1)
17.6 Arrangement Of Electrical/Electronic Symbols
764(2)
17.7 Connections And Crossovers
766(1)
17.8 Interrupted Paths
766(1)
17.9 Terminals
767(1)
17.10 Color Coding
768(1)
17.11 Division Of Parts
769(1)
17.12 Electron Tube Pin Identification
769(1)
17.13 Reference Designations
770(1)
17.14 Numerical Values
770(1)
17.15 Functional Identification And Other Information
771(1)
17.16 Integrated Circuits
771(1)
17.17 Printed Circuits
772(1)
17.18 Computer Graphics
773(7)
Key Words
775(1)
Chapter Summary
775(1)
Review Questions
775(1)
Chapter Exercises
776(4)
Chapter Eighteen Structural Drawings
780(28)
Structural Drawings
782(1)
18.1 Wood Construction
783(3)
Nominal Sizes For Wood Products
783(1)
Symbols For Finished Surfaces On Wood Products
783(1)
Wood Joints
784(1)
Connector Designs
784(1)
Metal Ring Connectors
784(1)
Straps And Plates
785(1)
18.2 Structural Steel
786(2)
Piece Marks
786(1)
Erection Plans
786(2)
18.3 Structural Steel Shapes
788(1)
18.4 Specifications
788(1)
18.5 Welded And Bolted Connections
789(1)
18.6 Riveted Connections
789(1)
18.7 Frame Beam Connections
790(1)
18.8 Welding
791(1)
18.9 High-Strength Bolting For Structural Joints
792(2)
18.10 Accuracy Of Dimensions
794(1)
18.11 Concrete Construction
794(1)
18.12 Reinforced Concrete Drawings
795(2)
18.13 Structural Clay Products
797(1)
18.14 Stone Construction
798(10)
Keywords
802(1)
Chapter Summary
802(1)
Review Questions
802(1)
Chapter Exercises
803(5)
Chapter Nineteen Landform Drawings
808(20)
Understanding Landform Drawings
810(5)
Definitions
810(2)
Getting Information For Maps
812(3)
19.1 Symbols
815(1)
19.2 Bearings
815(1)
19.3 Elevation
815(1)
19.4 Contours
816(3)
Interpolating Elevation Data
817(2)
3D Terrain Models
819(1)
19.5 City Maps
819(3)
Subdivision Plats
820(1)
Uses For Subdivision Plats
821(1)
Landscape Drawings
821(1)
19.6 Structure Location Plans
822(1)
19.7 Highway Plans
823(5)
Keywords
826(1)
Chapter Summary
826(1)
Review Questions
826(1)
Chapter Exercises
827(1)
Chapter Twenty Piping Drawings
828(18)
Understanding Piping Drawings
830(4)
Standard Symbols
830(1)
Types Of Drawings
830(3)
Dimensioning Piping Drawings
833(1)
20.1 Steel And Wrought Iron Pipe
834(1)
20.2 Cast Iron Pipe
834(1)
20.3 Seamless Brass And Copper Pipe
835(1)
20.4 Copper Tubing
835(1)
20.5 Plastic And Specialty Pipes
836(1)
20.6 Pipe Fittings
837(1)
20.7 Pipe Joints
838(1)
Flanged Joints
838(1)
Welded Joints
838(1)
20.8 Valves
839(1)
Globe Valves
839(1)
Check Valves
839(1)
Gate Valves
839(1)
Solenoid-Actuated Valves
840(1)
20.9 American National Standard Code For Pressure Piping
840(6)
Keywords
843(1)
Chapter Summary
843(1)
Review Questions
843(1)
Chapter Exercises
844(2)
Chapter Twenty-One Welding Representation
846(2)
Understanding Weldment Drawings
848(2)
Welding Processes
848(1)
Standard Symbols
848(1)
Understanding A Welding Symbol
849(1)
21.1 Types Of Welded Joints
850(1)
21.2 Types Of Welds
850(1)
21.3 Welding Symbols
851(2)
21.4 Fillet Welds
853(2)
21.5 Groove Welds
855(1)
21.6 Back Or Backing Welds
856(1)
21.7 Surface Welds
856(1)
21.8 Plug And Slot Welds
856(1)
21.9 Spot Welds
857(1)
21.10 Seam Welds
857(1)
21.11 Projection Welds
858(1)
21.12 Flash And Upset Welds
858(1)
21.13 Welding Applications
859(1)
21.14 Welding Templates
860(1)
21.15 Computer Graphics
860(4)
Key Words
864(1)
Chapter Summary
864(1)
Review Questions
864(1)
Chapter Exercises
865(4)
Roof Truss Exercises
869
Chapter Twenty-Two Axonometric rojection Online Only
Understanding Axonometric
Projection Projection Methods Reviewed
Types of Axonometric Projection
22.1 Dimetric Projection
22.2 Approximate Dimetric Drawings
22.3 Trimetric Projection
22.4 Trimetric Scales
22.5 Trimetric Ellipses
22.6 Axonometric Projection Using Intersections
22.7 Computer Graphics
22.8 Oblique Projections Directions Of Projectors
22.9 Ellipses For Oblique Drawings Alternative Four-Center Ellipses Four-Center Ellipse For Cavalier Drawings
22.10 Offset Measurements
22.11 Oblique Dimensioning
22.12 Computer Graphics Key Words
Chapter Summary Review Questions
Chapter Exercises
Axonometric Problems Oblique Projection Problems
Chapter Twenty-Three Perspective Drawings Online Only
Understanding Perspectives
23.1 Perspective From A Multiview Projection
23.2 Nonrotated Side View Method For Perspective
23.3 Drawing An Angular Perspective
23.4 Position Of The Station Point
23.5 Location Of The Picture Plane
23.6 Bird's-Eye View Or Worm's-Eye View
23.7 The Three Types Of Perspectives
23.8 One-Point Perspective
23.9 One-Point Perspective Of A Cylindrical Shape
23.10 Two-Point Perspective
23.11 Three-Point Perspective
23.12 Measurements In Perspective
23.13 Direct Measurements Along Inclined Lines
23.14 Vanishing Points Of Inclined Lines
23.15 Inclined Lines In Perspective, Joining Endpoint Method
23.16 Curves And Circles In Perspective
23.17 The Perspective Plan Method
23.18 Perspective Diagram
23.19 Shading
23.20 Computer Graphics Key Words
Chapter Summary Review Questions
Chapter Exercises
Glossary 1(1)
Appendices 1(1)
Index 1(1)
Credits 1
Shawna Lockhart combines her university teaching experience at Montana State University and Embry Riddle Aeronautical University with wide ranging industrial experience to write engineering design communication and CAD software texts. An early adopter of 2D and 3D CAD technology, she is the author of multiple texts, from AutoCAD Release 10 in 1992 to the current 2023 release. Shawna also writes industrial manuals on a variety of topics including robotics, dynos, mineral processing and lasers

Marla Goodman has a background in developing outreach communications and information graphics. For Montana State University and others, she has created educational publications and graphics on a wide range of topics ranging from environmental health, agriculture and wildlife to climate science and thermal biology. In addition to her involvement in educational publishing, she has worked for newspapers and magazines in the various roles of writer, editor and designer.

Cindy Johnson is a writer and editor who has directed the development of software-based learning tools since 1982. With over 20 years of publishing experience and many years of involvement with the engineering graphics course, she has a clear vision of the course goals and the pedagogical challenges it presents.
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