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E-grāmata: Technology and the Growth of Civilization

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  • Sērija : Springer Praxis Books
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Sep-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030255831
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : Springer Praxis Books
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Sep-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030255831

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Our natural world has been irretrievably altered by humans, for humans. From domesticated wheat fields to nuclear power plants and spacecraft, everything we see and interact with has in some way been changed by the presence of our species, starting from the Neolithic era so many centuries ago. This book provides a crash course on the issues and debates surrounding technology’s shifting place in our society. It covers the history of our increasingly black-box world, which some theorize will end with technology accelerating beyond our understanding. At the same time, it analyzes competing trends and theories, the lack of scientific knowledge of large sections of the population, the dogmas of pseudoscience, and the growing suspicion of science and technology, which may inevitably lead to scientific stagnation. What will the future of our civilization look like? How soon might scientific acceleration or stagnation arrive at our doorstep, and just how radically will such technological shifts change our culture? These are issues that we must address now, to insure our future goes the way we choose.
Preface by the Authors, with Acknowledgements viii
Preface by Giuseppe Tanzella Nitti xv
Authors' Introduction xx
1 Technology in prehistory
1(18)
1.1 A technological animal
1(4)
1.2 Stone implements
5(2)
1.3 The cognitive revolution
7(3)
1.4 Fire control
10(2)
1.5 The Mesolithic Crisis
12(2)
1.6 The Neolithic Revolution
14(3)
1.7 The Age of Metals
17(2)
2 From prehistory to history
19(20)
2.1 Transmission of information
19(2)
2.2 Technology at the beginning of history
21(2)
2.3 Simple machines
23(6)
2.4 Craftsmen and slaves
29(6)
2.5 The invention of money
35(4)
3 Greek rationality
39(18)
3.1 A unique phenomenon
39(2)
3.2 Humans, Gods and technology
41(3)
3.3 Applied rationality: The origins of medicine
44(2)
3.4 Greek natural philosophy
46(3)
3.5 Hellenistic scientific technology
49(2)
3.6 The end of Hellenistic science
51(3)
3.7 A Hellenistic industrial revolution?
54(3)
4 From Abraham to Jesus: The Judeo-Christian rational horizon
57(20)
4.1 In the beginning was the Logos
57(2)
4.2 The rational God of the Old Testament
59(3)
4.3 Judaism and centrifugal thrusts
62(4)
4.4 Circular time, the myth of the ages and progress
66(4)
4.5 The Christian DNA of the technological West
70(3)
4.6 The two souls of Christianity
73(4)
5 The Roman world and the "broken history"
77(20)
5.1 The `Pillars of Heracles' of ancient technology
77(2)
5.2 Matter, slaves and machines: A blind alley
79(3)
5.3 The structural limitation of the Roman economy
82(1)
5.4 Not just shadows: Imperial technology
83(2)
5.5 Metallurgy
85(1)
5.6 Military technology
86(1)
5.7 Construction industry
87(3)
5.8 Energy production
90(3)
5.9 Agricultural technologies
93(1)
5.10 Means of transportation
94(3)
6 The Middle Ages: "Dark ages" or the dawn of technology?
97(28)
6.1 The invention of the Dark Ages
97(1)
6.2 Four common myths about the early Middle Ages (476-1000)
98(8)
6.3 The Legacy of Hellenistic scientific technology
106(4)
6.4 Christianity and the rise of the artes mechanicae
110(3)
6.5 Work and progress, the turning point of monasticism
113(3)
6.6 The medieval technological revolution
116(2)
6.7 Finance and accounting in the Middle Ages: The dawn of the modern economy
118(7)
7 The beginning of scientific technology
125(27)
7.1 Technology at the transition from the Middle Ages to the Modem Age
125(3)
7.2 The "theatres of machines" of the Renaissance
128(2)
7.3 Overturning the stereotype of the `vile mechanicist'
130(2)
7.4 The birth of modem science
132(2)
7.5 The steam engine
134(3)
7.6 The dream of flying
137(6)
7.7 Electromagnetism
143(2)
7.8 Nuclear energy
145(4)
7.9 The Ecole Polytechnique
149(3)
8 Technology, capitalism and imperialism: The rise of the West
152(20)
8.1 Europe conquering the world
152(5)
8.2 Science and empire
157(1)
8.3 Progress generates progress: A system based on trust
158(3)
8.4 Capitalist theory and the role of technology
161(3)
8.5 The dark side of the capitalist empire
164(4)
8.6 The utilitarian drift of the West
168(4)
9 The dark side of technology
172(11)
9.1 Weapons and dual technologies
172(1)
9.2 Mass destruction in ancient times
173(2)
9.3 Ancient bacteriological wars
175(1)
9.4 Nuclear weapons
176(4)
9.5 Dual technologies
180(3)
10 Industrial revolutions
183(22)
10.1 The agricultural revolution
183(2)
10.2 The First Industrial Revolution
185(7)
10.3 The Second Industrial Revolution
192(2)
10.4 The Third Industrial Revolution
194(5)
10.5 Industrial Revolution 4.0
199(4)
10.6 Some considerations on industrial revolutions
203(2)
11 The irrationalistic constant
205(18)
11.1 At the origins of magical thought
205(4)
11.2 Irrationalism and religion
209(1)
11.3 The return of Ouroboros
210(3)
11.4 The shadows of the Enlightenment
213(4)
11.5 Philosophy vs. Technology: The decline of the West?
217(6)
12 Beyond the horizon
223(16)
12.1 Future perspectives
223(1)
12.2 Beyond the technology (and the economy) of oil
224(4)
12.3 Electronics and telecommunications
228(4)
12.4 Beyond Earth
232(3)
12.5 The second Neolithic Revolution
235(1)
12.6 Many human species
236(3)
Epilogue 239(12)
Appendix: Chronological tables 251(4)
Bibliography 255(5)
Index 260
Professor Giancarlo Genta has been full Professor of Construction of Machines since 1987 and taught courses on Astronautic Propulsion, Construction of aircraft engines and motor vehicle technology. Since 1997 he has been Professor of Applied Stress Analysis II at the Master of Science courses of the University of Michigan which are held at the Politecnico di Torino. His research has been focused on those subjects of Applied Mechanics more linked with the construction of machines, and particularly on static and dynamic structural analysis, dynamics of rotating machinery and of controlled systems, magnetic bearings. He is one of the founders of the Interdipartimental Mechatronics Laboratory of Politecnico di Torino, in which he works in the development of magnetic bearings and walking robots and components for spacecraft. Since 2012 he has chaired of study group SG 3.16 of the International Academy of Astronautics: Global human Mars system missions exploration, goals, requirements and technologies. Genta is author of 24 books and 90 papers published in Italian, American and English Journals, and 263 papers presented to symposia. Two of the books are text books of Motor Vehicle Mechanics, Mechanics of Vibration and Mechanics of Space Robots (published in Italian and English), used in Italian and American Universities. Genta coauthored a well-received popular science book on space exploration with Michael Rycroft, published by Cambridge University Press. It received very good reviews, including a very favourable one from A.C. Clarke (see his author's website) and a popular science book on the "Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence". He has also written two science fiction novels published in the Science and Fiction series by Springer. Paolo Riberis independent research activity is mainly focused on Ancient Christian Literature. He is author of two books about Gnosticism and Apocryphal Gospels, both published in Italian and titled "Maria Maddalena e le altre: le figure femminili degli gnostici" (2015) and "Pillola Rossa o Loggia Nera? Messaggi gnostici nel cinema tra Matrix, Westworld e Twin Peaks" (2017). He took part in a multi-author paper about Medieval Syriac literature coordinated by prof. Alessandro Mengozzi with fellow researchers Alessandra Barotto and Monica Volpicelli, titled La veritą visibile nella natura e nella scrittura: Sul baco da seta di Khamis bar Qardae, and published on KERVAN International Journal of Afro-Asiatic Studies in 2011.