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E-grāmata: Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy

3.30/5 (10 ratings by Goodreads)
(American University, Washington DC)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Oct-2008
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780511451508
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Oct-2008
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780511451508
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Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy describes the problem of terrorism; compares it to other forms of aggression, particularly crime and war; and discusses policy options for dealing with the terrorism. It focuses on the causes of terrorism with the aim of understanding its roots and providing insights toward policies that will serve to prevent it. The book serves as a single-source reference on terrorism and as a platform for more in-depth study, with a set of discussion questions at the end of each chapter. Individual chapters focus on the nature of terrorism, theories of aggression and terrorism, the history of terrorism, the role of religion, non-religious extremism and terrorism, the role of technology, terrorism throughout the modern world, responses to terrorism, fear of terrorism, short-term approaches and long-term strategies for preventing terrorism, balancing security and rights to liberty and privacy, and pathways to a safer and saner 21st century.

Recenzijas

This is a very useful book. Anyone who plans to study terrorism will wish to have this excellent overview and list of sources on their desk." Amitai Etzioni, author of Security First: For a Muscular, Moral Foreign Policy and Professor of International Relations at The George Washington University Finally, a well-researched, objective analysis based in integrity . . . by a leading American scholar of the larger issues and dilemmas engendered by the events of September 2001. Brian Forst is a beacon of moral clarity in a dark world. Ambassador Akbar Ahmed, Ibn Khaldun Chair of Islamic Studies, American University Brian Forst has written a carefully reasoned text on terrorism in its many historical and contemporary manifestations. His discussion of rational short- and long-term responses to terrorism is masterful. He shows the relevance of criminology to the problem of terrorism and the fear it engenders, while insisting that terrorism differs in important respects from conventional crime. I strongly recommend this book to instructors in courses on terrorism and its control and to anyone interested in why terrorism has become a major contemporary problem and how to manage it. Richard Rosenfeld, Curators Professor of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri-St. Louis Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy provides students, researchers, practitioners, and policy-makers with the single most authoritative treatment of the literature and issues surrounding the study of terrorism. Its inter- and multi-disciplinary survey of the knowledge base on the nature and sources of terrorism and the interventions that can serve to remove its causes and decrease its incidence is an exemplar of how the fields of criminology, criminal justice, and law and society cannot be and should never be considered in isolation. Combined with the accumulated knowledge from psychology, history, sociology, political science, and other fields, Professor Forst has struck the ideal balance between universality and relevance in discussing the critical issue of public policy. All of us will learn more about terrorism than when we first opened the book, and all of us will walk away coming up with many more research questions, which is the goal of education and scholarship. Professor Alex R. Piquero, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland College Park The 20th centurys rhetorical war on crime has in important ways yielded to a 21st-century rhetorical war on terrorism. With a jewelers eye, in Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy Brian Forst combines a rationale and method for understanding and developing public policy to address terrorism, based in part on the advantages of improved criminological thought. That thought requires a deep and sophisticated understanding of the multiple contexts, symbols, and meanings of terrorism; a clear explication of the differences among a wide range of acts that constitute terrorism (all terrorism, like all crime, is not the same); and the specification of both short- and long-term interventions that address proximate and root cause. Like crime, terrorism has many root and proximate causes, meanings and interpretations, and implications and consequences. And, like crime, approaches to effectively and lawfully addressing terrorism and its consequences are most likely derived from probing and thoughtful analysis, rather than knee-jerk or fear-inspiring policies that intentionally or unintentionally mask terrorism and its dynamics. Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy is a very well-reasoned assessment of the many strands of thought that comprise our understanding of terrorism, its genesis, and possible ways to ameliorate its effects. Brian Forst has done us all service in artfully linking history, religion, politics, and philosophy to the range of public policy choices the world faces in dealing with terrorism, drawing from his deep understanding of crime and public policy. Jack R. Greene, Professor, College of Criminal Justice, Northeastern University, Boston Terrorism, Crime, and Public Policy is a comprehensive review of the origins and nature of terrorism and of public policies for responding to it. With sound, balanced judgment, Brian Forst covers difficult and controversial subjects, from the clash of civilizations debate to the 2001 Patriot Act. I highly recommend this excellent book. Samuel Walker, Professor Emeritus of Criminal Justice, University of Nebraska at Omaha The treatment is comprehensive and the presentation is engaging. Forst skillfully blends academic insights with critical policy concerns. By appealing to a new generation of students, this book will help establish a larger social science footprint in an area where it is sorely needed. Gary LaFree, Director, START, National Center for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, University of Maryland Whenever Brian Forst addresses a new subject area, he comes at it with a broad lens, bringing both openness and a good analytical foundation. The result is usually something enlightening for both the experienced hand and newcomer. This text is no exception. I especially like his linking of some of the standard academic arguments with those that are taking place in the elite press. This is another way to engage students who are familiar with the arguments in the press and a way to educate those who are ignorant of the elite press. I really got a kick out of the pictures of the various commentators, folks I had read but never seen. It lessens the awe with which these people are viewed and lets students feel that they too can participate in the debate. This is a great introductory text: enjoyable to read, comprehensive, and fair. James P. Lynch, John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York

Papildus informācija

This textbook is a reference on current questions and topics about terrorism.
Credits xv
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxiii
The Nature of Terrorism
1(20)
Introduction
1(1)
Definitions and Typologies of Terrorism
2(10)
Definitions
3(5)
Typologies
8(4)
Critical Distinctions: Terrorism, Aggression, Crime, and War
12(8)
Terrorism and Crime
14(2)
Terrorism and War
16(4)
Legal and Military Interventions
20(1)
Discussion Questions
20(1)
Theories of Aggression and Terrorism
21(22)
Introduction
21(1)
Nature and Nurture
22(3)
Normlessness and Alienation
25(1)
Strain and Deprivation Theories
26(3)
Routine Activities Theory
29(2)
Gangs, Territory, and Honor
31(4)
Strategic and Psychological Motives
35(5)
Motives of Leaders and Followers
35(1)
Rationality and Culture
36(2)
Rationality, Passion, and Shame
38(2)
Rationality and Deterrence
40(1)
Other Theories of Aggression
40(1)
Do Explanations of Terrorism Lend Legitimacy to It?
41(1)
Discussion Questions
42(1)
A Brief History of Terrorism
43(30)
Early Forms of Terrorism: Babylon and Rome, Asia, Europe, and America
43(4)
Ethnic and Religious Terrorism in the Twentieth Century
47(6)
Turks and Kurds
47(1)
Sunnis and Kurds
48(1)
Sunni Arabs and Shi'a
48(1)
Russians and Chechens
49(1)
Basques and Spaniards
50(1)
Hutus and Tutsis
50(1)
English Protestants and Irish Catholics
51(1)
Tamils and Sinhalese
52(1)
Emergence of the Suicide Bomber
53(9)
Women in Terrorism
62(2)
Post-9/11 Terrorism: Alienation Meets Advanced Technology
64(7)
Discussion Questions
71(2)
Two Trajectories of Humankind: Globalization or Clash?
73(28)
From Alexander the Great to Twenty-First-Century Globalization
73(14)
A Short History of Globalization
73(10)
Critiques of Globalization and Counter-Critiques
83(4)
The Clash of Civilizations Theory
87(10)
Bernard Lewis
87(1)
Samuel P. Huntington
88(3)
Critiques of the Clash of Civilizations Theory
91(6)
Reconciling the Irresistible Force of Globalization with the Immovable Object of Tradition
97(2)
Discussion Questions
99(2)
Religion, the State, and Terrorism
101(36)
The Major Religions: Origins, Scriptures, Followers, and Links to Violence
101(21)
Christianity
104(1)
Islam
105(10)
Judaism
115(2)
Hinduism
117(2)
Buddhism
119(1)
Taoism
120(2)
Moderates, Fundamentalists, and Extremists
122(3)
Religion and the State
125(4)
Does Religion Cause Terrorism?
129(6)
The Future of Religion
135(1)
Discussion Questions
136(1)
Nonreligious Extremism and Terrorism
137(29)
Extremist Ideologies
137(11)
Political Extremism
141(2)
Racist and Ethnic Extremism and Hate Groups
143(2)
Other Extremist Ideologies
145(3)
Prominent Extremist Groups
148(14)
The German Red Army Faction
148(1)
The Italian Red Brigades
149(2)
The Shining Path of Peru
151(1)
Symbionese Liberation Army
152(2)
Earth Liberation Front
154(1)
Ku Klux Klan
155(1)
Home-Grown Extremists: Citizen Militias, Small Team Operations, and Lone Wolves
156(6)
Dealing with Extremism
162(2)
Discussion Questions
164(2)
Technology and Terrorism
166(36)
Technology as an Instrument of Terror
166(25)
Weapons of Mass Destruction: Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
168(12)
Attacks on Technology Infrastructures and Critical Systems
180(1)
Cyberterrorism
181(8)
The Internet as a ``Rage Enabler''
189(2)
Technology as a Tool Against Terrorism
191(8)
Smart Identification Technologies
194(2)
Technology for Gathering Intelligence Data
196(1)
Technology for ``Connecting the Dots''
197(1)
The Internet as Bridge Builder
198(1)
The Limits of Technology
199(1)
Discussion Questions
200(2)
Terrorism throughout the World
202(48)
Terrorism in the United States
202(11)
Terrorist Groups and Acts of Domestic Origin
203(4)
Terrorist Groups and Acts of International Origin
207(6)
From Mexico to South America: Narcoterrorism and Leftist Terrorism
213(8)
The Tijuana (Arellano Felix) Drug Cartel
217(1)
Colombian Drug Cartels
218(1)
The Zapatista National Liberation Front
219(1)
The Sandinistas in Nicaragua
220(1)
Attacks in Europe and Russia
221(4)
March 2004 Madrid Commuter Train Attack
221(1)
September 2004 Beslan School Hostage Crisis
222(2)
July 2005 London Subway and Bus Attack
224(1)
Asia
225(4)
Japanese Red Army
225(2)
Aum Shinrikyo
227(1)
Jemaah Islamiah and the Bali Bombings of 2002 and 2005
228(1)
The Middle East
229(9)
Al Qaeda
229(1)
Hezbollah
230(2)
Palestinian Terrorist Groups
232(3)
Libya
235(3)
Prominent Contemporary Terrorist Leaders
238(10)
Commonalities and Differences
248(1)
Discussion Questions
249(1)
Responses to Terrorism
250(49)
Investigative, Diplomatic, and Military Responses
250(13)
Diplomatic Reponses
251(1)
Military Power
252(11)
Just War Theory and Terrorism
263(5)
Unilateral vs. Collective Responses
268(2)
The Tactic of Torture
270(11)
What Is Torture?
270(1)
Is Torture Ever Justifiable?
271(6)
If Not Torture, What?
277(4)
Covert and Other Special Operations
281(4)
Dealing with Hostage-Taking
285(2)
Reward (Bounty) Programs
287(1)
International Collaboration in the Investigation and Prosecution of Terrorism
288(2)
Economic Sanctions
290(3)
The 9/11 Commission: Findings and Recommendations
293(3)
What Went Wrong?
293(2)
How Can Future Attacks Be Prevented?
295(1)
Ending the War on Terror
296(1)
Discussion Questions
297(2)
Fear of Terrorism
299(40)
Fear of Terrorism: Basics
299(4)
The Significance of Fear
300(1)
Short- and Long-Term Consequences of Excessive Fear
301(1)
Fear of Crime, Fear of International Violence
302(1)
Community-Oriented Interventions to Reduce Excessive Fear
303(1)
The Anatomy of Fear and Its Relationship to Risk
303(7)
The Nature and Sources of Fear
304(1)
The Universality of Fear
305(1)
Fear and Risk
306(1)
Subjective vs. Objective Assessments of Risk
307(3)
Media and Fear
310(13)
Do the Media Exploit Our Sense of Powerlessness?
312(5)
Reliable Media Accounts, Invalid Risks
317(1)
Media Objectivity
318(5)
Exploitation of Fear by Politicians
323(6)
Fear and Public Policy
329(5)
Managing Fear
329(4)
Finding a Balance
333(1)
An Agenda for Reducing the Social Costs of Fear
334(3)
Discussion Questions
337(2)
Preventing Terrorism: Short-Term Approaches
339(36)
Introduction
339(1)
Dealing with a Thinking Adversary
340(1)
The Role of Intelligence
341(9)
Integrating Intelligence Activities
342(2)
Collection, Processing and Analysis, and Dissemination of Intelligence
344(6)
Public Prevention: Homeland Security
350(12)
Department of Homeland Security
350(3)
Terrorism and Natural Disasters: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina
353(9)
Financial Interventions
362(4)
The 9/11 Commission and the Intelligence Gap: Findings and Recommendations
366(4)
Intelligence Shortcomings and Goals
366(1)
Need for Coordination
367(1)
Criticism of the 9/11 Commission Report
368(2)
State and Local Initiatives
370(3)
Discussion Questions
373(2)
Preventing Terrorism: Long-Term Strategies
375(39)
Introduction
375(1)
From Clash of Civilizations to Dialogue
376(16)
Why Dialogue?
376(1)
What Is Dialogue?
377(1)
Dialogue and Social Capital
377(5)
Barriers to Dialogue
382(8)
Understanding What Works in Dialogue: A Research Agenda
390(2)
Government Initiatives: Soft Power
392(9)
Ambassadors, Consulates, and Embassy Staffs
392(2)
Peace Processes
394(1)
Public Diplomacy
395(5)
Creative Public Initiatives
400(1)
Private Initiatives
401(2)
Building Trust and Community
403(8)
The Importance of Culture
404(1)
Tolerance and Trust
404(3)
Good Government and the Rule of Law
407(3)
Strengthening of Civil Associations
410(1)
Reducing Dependence on Foreign Oil
411(1)
Further Perspectives
411(1)
Discussion Questions
412(2)
Balancing Security and Rights to Liberty and Privacy
414(22)
The Problem and Its Historical Precedents
414(1)
How Terrorism Alters the Balancing Act
415(2)
The Tradeoff: What Is Given Up? What Is Gained?
417(6)
Profiling of Terrorists
423(7)
The USA Patriot Act
430(4)
Toward a More Informed Balance of Security and Liberty
434(1)
Discussion Questions
435(1)
Toward a Safer and Saner Twenty-First Century
436(5)
Discussion Questions
440(1)
Notes 441(10)
References 451(28)
Index 479
Brian Forst joined the American University faculty after twenty years in nonprofit research, including positions as research director at the Institute for Law and Social Research and the Police Foundation. He is author most recently of After Terror (with Akbar Ahmed, 2005), Errors of Justice: Nature, Sources, and Remedies (Cambridge University Press, 2004), and The Privatization of Policing: Two Views (with Peter Manning, 1999). He is a member of the American University Senate and chairs the Department of Justice, Law, and Society's doctoral program. He is also a voting member of the Sentencing Commission for the District of Columbia.