| Preface |
|
13 | (24) |
| Contents of the Manuscript Theories of Surplus-Value |
|
37 | (3) |
| General Observation |
|
40 | (1) |
|
Sir James Steuart [ Distinction between ``Profit upon Alienation'' and the Positive Increase of Wealth] |
|
|
41 | (3) |
|
|
|
44 | (25) |
|
Transfer of the Inquiry into the Origin of Surplus-Value from the Sphere of Circulation into the Sphere of Direct Production. Conception of Rent as the Sole Form of Surplus-Value |
|
|
44 | (5) |
|
Contradictions in the System of the Physiocrats: the Feudal Shell of the System and Its Bourgeois Essence; the Twofold Treatment of Surplus-Value |
|
|
49 | (5) |
|
Quesnay on the Three Classes in Society. Further Development of Physiocratic Theory with Turgot: Elements of a Deeper Analysis of Capitalist Relations |
|
|
54 | (6) |
|
Confusion of Value with Material Substance (Paoletti) |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
Elements of Physiocratic Theory in Adam Smith |
|
|
60 | (4) |
|
The Physiocrats as Partisans of Large-Scale Capitalist Agriculture |
|
|
64 | (1) |
|
Contradictions in the Political Views of the Physiocrats. The Physiocrats and the French Revolution |
|
|
65 | (2) |
|
Vulgarisation of the Physiocratic Doctrine by the Prussian Reactionary Schmalz |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
An Early Critique of the Superstition of the Physiocrats in the Question of Agriculture (Verri) |
|
|
67 | (2) |
|
|
|
69 | (83) |
|
Smith's Two Different Definitions of Value; the Determination of Value by the Quantity of Labour Expended Which Is Contained in a Commodity, and Its Determination by the Quantity of Living Labour Which Can Be Bought in Exchange for This Commodity |
|
|
69 | (8) |
|
Smith's General Conception of Surplus-Value. The Notion of Profit, Rent and Interest as Deductions from the Product of the Worker's Labour |
|
|
77 | (8) |
|
Adam Smith's Extension of the Idea of Surplus-Value to All Spheres of Social Labour |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
Smith's Failure to Grasp the Specific Way in Which the Law of Value Operates in the Exchange between Capital and Wage-Labour |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
Smith's Identification of Surplus-Value with Profit. The Vulgar Element in Smith's Theory |
|
|
89 | (3) |
|
Smith's Erroneous View of Profit, Rent of Land and Wages as Sources of Value |
|
|
92 | (3) |
|
Smith's Dual View of the Relationship between Value and Revenue. The Vicious Circle of Smith's Conception of ``Natural Price'' as the Sum of Wages, Profit and Rent |
|
|
95 | (2) |
|
Smith's Error in Resolving the Total Value of the Social Product into Revenue. Contradictions in His Views on Gross and Net Revenue |
|
|
97 | (6) |
|
Say as Vulgariser of Smith's Theory. Say's Identification of the Social Gross Product with the Social Revenue. Attempts to Draw a Distinction between Them by Storch and Ramsay |
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
Inquiry into How It Is Possible for the Annual Profit and Wages to Buy the Annual Commodities, Which Besides Profit and Wages Also Contain Constant Capital |
|
|
107 | (43) |
|
Impossibility of the Replacement of the Constant Capital of the Producers of Consumption Goods through Exchange between These Producers |
|
|
107 | (18) |
|
Impossibility of Replacing the Whole Constant Capital of Society by Means of Exchange between the Producers of Articles of Consumption and the Producers of Means of Production |
|
|
125 | (13) |
|
Exchange of Capital for Capital between the Producers of Means of Production. Annual Product of Labour and the Product of Labour Newly Added Annually |
|
|
138 | (12) |
|
Additional Points: Smith's Confusion on the Question of the Measure of Value. General Character of the Contradictions in Smith |
|
|
150 | (2) |
|
Theories of Productive and Unproductive Labour |
|
|
152 | (153) |
|
Productive Labour from the Standpoint of Capitalist Production: Labour Which Produces Surplus-Value |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
Views of the Physiocrats and Mercantilists on Productive Labour |
|
|
153 | (2) |
|
The Duality in Smith's Conception of Productive Labour. His First Explanation: the View of Productive Labour as Labour Exchanged for Capital |
|
|
155 | (5) |
|
Adam Smith's Second Explanation: the View of Productive Labour as Labour Which Is Realised in Commodity |
|
|
160 | (14) |
|
Vulgarisation of Bourgeois Political Economy in the Definition of Productive Labour |
|
|
174 | (2) |
|
Advocates of Smith's Views on Productive Labour. On the History of the Subject |
|
|
176 | (7) |
|
Advocates of the First View: Ricardo, Sismondi |
|
|
176 | (2) |
|
Early Attempts to Distinguish between Productive and Unproductive Labour (D'Avenant, Petty) |
|
|
178 | (4) |
|
John Stuart Mill, an Adherent of Smith's Second View of Productive Labour |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Germain Garnier. Vulgarisation of the Theories Put Forward by Smith and the Physiocrats |
|
|
183 | (20) |
|
Confusion of Labour Which Is Exchanged against Capital with Labour Exchanged against Revenue. The False Conception that the Total Capital Is Replaced through the Revenue of the Consumers |
|
|
183 | (4) |
|
Replacement of the Constant Capital by Means of the Exchange of Capital against Capital |
|
|
187 | (11) |
|
Vulgar Assumptions of Garnier's Polemics against Smith. Garnier's Relapse into Physiocratic Ideas. The View of the Unproductive Labourer's Consumption as the Source of Production--a Step Backwards as Compared with the Physiocrats |
|
|
198 | (5) |
|
Charles Ganilh [ Mercantilist Conception of Exchange and Exchange-Value. Inclusion of All Paid Labour in the Concept of Productive Labour] |
|
|
203 | (10) |
|
Ganilh and Ricardo on Net Revenue. Ganilh as Advocate of a Diminution of the Productive Population; Ricardo as Advocate of the Accumulation of Capital and the Growth of Productive Forces |
|
|
213 | (17) |
|
Exchange of Revenue and Capital [ Replacement of the Total Amount of the Annual Product: Exchange of Revenue for Revenue; Exchange of Revenue for Capital; Exchange of Capital for Capital |
|
|
230 | (22) |
|
Ferrier [ Protectionist Character of Ferrier's Polemics against Smith's Theory of Productive Labour and the Accumulation of Capital. Smith's Confusion on the Question of Accumulation. The Vulgar Element in Smith's View of ``Productive Labourers''] |
|
|
252 | (12) |
|
Earl of Lauderdale Apologetic Conception of the Ruling Classes as Representatives of the Most Important Kinds of Productive Labour |
|
|
264 | (2) |
|
Say's Conception of ``Immaterial Products''. Vindication of an Unrestrained Growth of Unproductive Labour |
|
|
266 | (3) |
|
Count Destutt de Tracy [ Vulgar Conception of the Origin of Profit. Proclamation of the ``Industrial Capitalist'' as the Sole Productive Labourer] |
|
|
269 | (12) |
|
General Nature of the Polemics Against Smith's Distinction between Productive and Unproductive Labour. Apologetic Conception of Unproductive Consumption as a Necessary Spur to Production |
|
|
281 | (3) |
|
Henri Storch [ Unhistorical Approach to the Problems of the Interaction between Material and Spiritual Production. Conception of ``Immaterial Labour'' Performed by the Ruling Class] |
|
|
284 | (3) |
|
Nassau Senior [ Proclamation of All Functions Useful to the Bourgeoisie as Productive. Toadyism to the Bourgeoisie and the Bourgeois State] |
|
|
287 | (5) |
|
Pellegrino Rossi [ Disregard of the Social Form of Economic Phenomena. Vulgar Conception of ``Labour-Saving'' by Unproductive Labourers] |
|
|
292 | (7) |
|
Apologia for the Prodigality of the Rich by the Malthusian Chalmers |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Concluding Observations on Adam Smith and His Views on Productive and Unproductive Labour |
|
|
300 | (5) |
|
Necker [ Attempt to Present the Antagonism of Classes in Capitalism as the Antithesis between Poverty and Wealth] |
|
|
305 | (3) |
|
Quesnay's Tableau Economique (Digression) |
|
|
308 | (37) |
|
Quesnay's Attempt to Show the Process of Reproduction and Circulation of the Total Capital |
|
|
308 | (1) |
|
Circulation between Farmers and Landowners. The Return Circuit of Money to the Farmers, Which Does Not Express Reproduction |
|
|
308 | (6) |
|
On the Circulation of Money between Capitalist and Labourer |
|
|
314 | (14) |
|
The Absurdity of Speaking of Wages as an Advance by the Capitalist to the Labourer. Bourgeois Conception of Profit as Reward for Risk |
|
|
314 | (7) |
|
Commodities Which the Labourer Buys from the Capitalist. A Return Flow of the Money Which Does Not Indicate Reproduction |
|
|
321 | (7) |
|
Circulation between Farmer and Manufacturer According to the Tableau Economique |
|
|
328 | (5) |
|
Circulation of Commodities and Circulation of Money in the Tableau Economique. Different Cases in Which the Money Flows Back to Its Starting-Point |
|
|
333 | (10) |
|
Significance of the Tableau Economique in the History of Political Economy |
|
|
343 | (2) |
|
Linguet [ Early Critique of the Bourgeois-Liberal View of the ``Freedom'' of the Labourer] |
|
|
345 | (74) |
| ADDENDA |
|
|
Hobbes on Labour, on Value and on the Economic Role of Science |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
Historical: Petty [ Negative Attitude to Unproductive Occupations. Germs of the Labour Theory of Value. Attempt to Explain Wages, Rent of Land, the Price of Land and Interest on the Basis of the Theory of Value |
|
|
354 | (10) |
|
Petty, Sir Didley North, Locke |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Locke [ Treatment of Rent and Interest from the Standpoint of the Bourgeois Theory of Natural Law] |
|
|
365 | (3) |
|
North Money as Capital. The Growth of Trade as the Cause of the Fall in the Rate of Interest |
|
|
368 | (4) |
|
Berkeley on Industry as the Source of Wealth |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
373 | (5) |
|
Massie and Hume on Interest |
|
|
373 | (1) |
|
Hume Fall of Profit and Interest Dependent on the Growth of Trade and Industry |
|
|
373 | (2) |
|
Massie Interest as Part of Profit. The Level of Interest Explained by the Rate of Profit |
|
|
375 | (2) |
|
|
|
377 | (1) |
|
Addendum to the
Chapters on the Physiocrats |
|
|
378 | (3) |
|
Supplementary Note on the Tableau Economique. Quesnay's False Assumptions |
|
|
378 | (1) |
|
Partial Reversion of Individual Physiocrats to Mercantilist Ideas. Demand of the Physiocrats for Freedom of Competition |
|
|
379 | (1) |
|
Original Formulation of Why It Is Impossible to Increase Value in Exchange |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
Glorification of the Landed Aristocracy by Buat, an Epigone of the Physiocrats |
|
|
381 | (1) |
|
Polemics against the Landed Aristocracy from the Standpoint of the Physiocrats (an Anonymous English Author) |
|
|
382 | (5) |
|
Apologist Conception of the Productivity of All Professions |
|
|
387 | (2) |
|
Productivity of Capital. Productive and Unproductive Labour |
|
|
389 | (25) |
|
Productivity of Capital as the Capitalist Expression of the Productive Power of Social Labour |
|
|
389 | (4) |
|
Productive Labour in the System of Capitalist Production |
|
|
393 | (4) |
|
Two Essentially Different Phases in the Exchange between Capital and Labour |
|
|
397 | (2) |
|
The Specific Use-Value of Productive Labour for Capital |
|
|
399 | (2) |
|
Unproductive Labour as Labour Which Performs Services; Purchase of Services under Conditions of Capitalism. Vulgar Conception of the Relation between Capital and Labour as an Exchange of Services |
|
|
401 | (6) |
|
The Labour of Handicraftsmen and Peasants in Capitalist Society |
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
Supplementary Definition of Productive Labour as Labour Which Is Realised in Material Wealth |
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
Manifestations of Capitalism in the Sphere of Immaterial Production |
|
|
410 | (1) |
|
The Problem of Productive Labour from the Standpoint of the Total Process of Material Production |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
The Transport Industry as a Branch of Material Production. Productive Labour in the Transport Industry |
|
|
412 | (2) |
|
Draft Plans for Parts I and III of Capital |
|
|
414 | (5) |
|
Plan for Part I or Section I of Capital |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Plan for Part III or Section III of Capital |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
Plan for
Chapter II of Part III of Capital |
|
|
415 | (4) |
| APPENDICES |
|
| Notes |
|
419 | (19) |
| Name Index |
|
438 | |
