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E-grāmata: Theory of Ecological Communities

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  • Formāts: 248 pages
  • Sērija : Monographs in Population Biology
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Princeton University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400883790
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  • Formāts: 248 pages
  • Sērija : Monographs in Population Biology
  • Izdošanas datums: 23-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Princeton University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781400883790
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A plethora of different theories, models, and concepts make up the field of community ecology. Amid this vast body of work, is it possible to build one general theory of ecological communities? What other scientific areas might serve as a guiding framework? As it turns out, the core focus of community ecology—understanding patterns of diversity and composition of biological variants across space and time—is shared by evolutionary biology and its very coherent conceptual framework, population genetics theory. The Theory of Ecological Communities takes this as a starting point to pull together community ecology's various perspectives into a more unified whole.

Mark Vellend builds a theory of ecological communities based on four overarching processes: selection among species, drift, dispersal, and speciation. These are analogues of the four central processes in population genetics theory—selection within species, drift, gene flow, and mutation—and together they subsume almost all of the many dozens of more specific models built to describe the dynamics of communities of interacting species. The result is a theory that allows the effects of many low-level processes, such as competition, facilitation, predation, disturbance, stress, succession, colonization, and local extinction to be understood as the underpinnings of high-level processes with widely applicable consequences for ecological communities.

Reframing the numerous existing ideas in community ecology, The Theory of Ecological Communities provides a new way for thinking about biological composition and diversity.

Recenzijas

"In 1986, Thomas W. Schoener wrote a thought-provoking book chapter describing ecological communities along five organismal and five environmental axes. It was thought-provoking in the sense that Schoener attempted to unify community ecology using a minimal set of variables at a time when ecologists were doubtful of any unifying principle in community ecology. After three decades of Schoener's chapter, community ecologists are still divided about whether there could be a general theory of community. . . . Mark Vellend elegantly attempts to bridge this divide by introducing the theory of high-level processes in ecological communities in his Princeton Population Monograph entitled The Theory of Ecological Communities."---Madhav P. Thakur, Trends in Ecology and Evolution "Vellend (biology, Univ. de Sherbrooke, Canada) provides a useful historical account of the wide variety of methods used in the field to lay the foundation for his proposed resolution of the resulting mess.' The book is well written, profusely referenced, and a worthy addition to the distinguished Monographs in Population Biology series from Princeton University Press." * Choice * "Vellend does a tremendous job, and accomplishes for the field of community ecology what few have attempted, and even fewer, if any, have achieved. . . . With its overall plain language and clear prose, his book is excellent material for pre- and postgraduate students."---Lars Götzenberger and Jan Leps, Conservation Biology "[ Vellend] brings together diverse empirical and theoretical traditions in an unprecedented, engaging, and productive manner."---Max W. Dresow and Jake J. Grossman, Metascience "This is a very useful book for students and researchers."---Kevin S. McCann, Quarterly Review of Biology

Acknowledgments vii
1 Introduction
1(8)
PART I APPROACHES, IDEAS, AND THEORIES IN COMMUNITY ECOLOGY
2 How Ecologists Study Communities
9(11)
3 A Brief History of Ideas in Community Ecology
20(19)
PART II THE THEORY OF ECOLOGICAL COMMUNITIES
4 The Pursuit of Generality in Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
39(10)
5 High-Level Processes in Ecological Communities
49(20)
6 Simulating Dynamics in Ecological Communities
69(24)
PART III EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE
7 The Nature of Empirical Evidence
93(14)
8 Empirical Evidence: Selection
107(31)
9 Empirical Evidence: Ecological Drift and Dispersal
138(20)
10 Empirical Evidence: Speciation and Species Pools
158(17)
PART IV CONCLUSIONS, REFLECTIONS, AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS
11 From Process to Pattern and Back Again
175(7)
12 The Future of Community Ecology
182(11)
References 193(32)
Index 225
Mark Vellend is professor of biology at the Université de Sherbrooke. He is a 2015 recipient of an E. W. R. Steacie Fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.