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E-grāmata: Thinker's Guide to Ethical Reasoning: Based on Critical Thinking Concepts & Tools

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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : Thinker's Guide Library
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Jun-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Foundation for Critical Thinking
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781538133781
  • Formāts - EPUB+DRM
  • Cena: 25,04 €*
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Sērija : Thinker's Guide Library
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Jun-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Foundation for Critical Thinking
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781538133781

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This volume of the Thinker’s Guide Library offers a framework for ethical reasoning, illuminating powerful, universal tools for thinking through ethical questions. Linda Elder and Richard Paul discuss the main impediments to ethics and present ethical concepts and principles as guides for people of different backgrounds to find common ground.
The Function of Ethics---and Its Main Impediment. (The proper role of ethical reasoning is to highlight acts of two kinds: those which enhance the well-being of others---that warrant our praise---and those which harm or diminish the well-being of others---and thus warrant our criticism. The study of ethical reasoning is crucial given the powerful human tendency toward egotism, prejudice, self-justification, and self-deception. To develop ethically, these tendencies must be resisted and diminished.)
8(7)
The Problem of Pseudo-Ethics---the Sociocentric Counterfeits of Ethical Reasoning. (Religious thinking {based on theology), conventional thinking {based on social folkways and taboos), political thinking {based on ideology and vested interest), and legal thinking {based on political processes and social pressures) are commonly confused with ethical thinking. Yet these forms of thought, locked as they are in endless conflict, cannot provide foundations for universal ethical principles.)
15(1)
The Elements of Ethical Reasoning. (Ethical reasoning has the same basic structures that underlie all reasoning. If we are to reason well, we must learn to identify and assess our use in ethical reasoning of these intellectual structures.)
16(2)
The Logic of Ethical Reasoning. (There is a logic to ethical reasoning, just as there is a logic to mathematical, scientific, and medical reasoning . For example, whenever we reason ethically we think for some ethical purpose, from some ethical point of view, based on some ethical assumptions, leading to some ethical implications or consequences.)
18(7)
Language as a Guide to Ethical Reasoning. (Ethical reasoning requires an accurate understanding of universal ethical concepts and principles. Such concepts and principles are implicit in hundreds of ethical terms in the language we speak.)
25(2)
Two Kinds of Questions. (Some ethical questions have definitive answers; others require reasoned judgment. When reasoning through an ethical question, we need to determine whether it is simple or complex.)
27(4)
The Significance of Facts and Perspective. (Ethical reasoning requires an accurate understanding of the facts relevant to an ethical question as well as a command of the most reasonable ways those facts can be interpreted.)
31(2)
Intellectual Standards for Assessing Ethical Reasoning. (Ethical reasoning must meet the same intellectual standards that apply to other domains of knowledge. For example, sound ethical reasoning must be clear, accurate, precise, relevant, logical and non-trivial. In some cases, it must also deal with complexities and reason within multiple viewpoints.)
33(1)
Ethical Reasoning Abilities. (There are intellectual abilities essential to ethical reasoning.)
34(1)
Essential Ethical Traits. (There are intellectual/ethical qualities of mind essential to ethical reasoning.)
35(11)
Conclusion
36(10)
Appendices
a) Glossary of Ethical Concepts
46(5)
b) United Nations Declaration of Human Rights
51